The Encyclopedia of Essential Oils (39 page)

Zingiber officinale:
Ginger, common ginger, Jamaica ginger.

Orchidaceae

Vanilla planifolia (V. fragrans):
Vanilla, Bourbon vanilla, Mexican vanilla, common vanilla, Reunion vanilla.

Vanilla pompona:
West Indian vanilla, vanillon, Pompona vanilla, Guadeloupe vanilla.

Vanilla tahitensis:
Tahiti vanilla.

Piperaceae

Piper cubeba (Cubeba officinalis):
Cubebs, cubeba, tailed pepper, cubeb pepper.

Piper nigrum:
Pepper, black pepper, white pepper, piper.

Betulaceae

Betula alba (B. odorata, B. alba var. pubescens, B. pendula):
White birch, silver birch, European white birch.

Betula alleghaniensis:
Yellow birch.

Betula lenta (B. capinefolia):
Sweet birch, southern birch, cherry birch, mountain mahogany, mahogany birch.

Betula nigra:
Black birch.

Betula papyrifera:
Paper birch, birch bud (oil); several subspecies exist.

Betula verrucosa:
Birch bud (oil), birch tar (oil); many cultivars exist.

Salicaceae

Populus balsamifera (P. tacamahacca):
Poplar, tacamahac, hackmatack; two subspecies exist.

Moraceae

Ficuscarica:
Fig.

Humulus lupulus:
Hops, common hop, European hop, lupulus.

Santalaceae

Santalum album:
East Indian sandalwood, white sandalwood, white saunders, yellow sandalwood, yellow saunders, sanderswood, Mysore sandalwood, yellow sandalwood.

Santalum spicatum (Eucarya spicata):
Australian sandalwood.

Aristolochiaceae

Aristolochia serpentaria:
Virginian snakeroot, serpentaria (oil).

Asarum canadense:
Canadian snakeroot, wild ginger, Indian ginger.

Chenopodiaceae

Chenopodium album:
Lamb’s quarters.

Chenopodium ambrosioides (var. anthelminticum):
Wormseed, American wormseed, chenopodium, Californian spearmint, Jesuit’s tea, Mexican tea, herb sancti mariae, Baltimore (oil).

Chenopodium bonus-henricus:
Allgood, Good King Henry.

Caryophyllaceae

Dianthus caryophyllus:
Carnation, clove pink.

Dianthus plumarius:
Pink.

Magnoliaceae

Michelia champaca:
Champaca.

Michelia figo.

Illiciaceae

Illicium verum:
Star anise, Chinese anise, illicium, Chinese star anise.

Annonaceae

Cananga odorata (Canangium odoratum):
two forms exist:
var. odorata (var. genuina, Unona odorantissimum):
Ylang ylang
var. macrophylla:
Cananga.

Myristicaceae

Myristica fragrans (M. officinalis
, M.
moschana, M. aromatica, M. amboinensis):
Nutmeg and mace.

Monimiaceae

Peumus boldus (Boldu boldus, Boldoa fragrans):
Boldo, boldus, boldu.

Lauraceae

Aniba duckei:
Brazilian rosewood, bois de rose.

Aniba parviflora:
Brazilian rosewood, bois de rose.

Aniba rosaeodora var. amazonica:
Brazilian rosewood, bois de rose.

Cinnamomum burmanii (C. pedunculata):
Indonesian cassia, padang cassia, padang cinnamon, Batavia cassia, Java cassia, Korintje cassia.

Cinnamomum camphora (Laurus camphora):
Camphor tree, true camphor, laurel camphor, gum camphor, Japanese camphor, Formosa camphor; several subvarieties exist.

Cinnamomum cassia (C. aromaticum, Laurus cassia):
Cassia, Chinese cinnamon, false cinnamon, cassia cinnamon, cassia lignea.

Cinnamomum cecidodaphne:
Nepalese tejpat.

Cinnamomum culiliban (C. culiliwan):
Lawang.

Cinnamomum loueirii:
Saigon cinnamon

Cinnamomum micranthum:
Chinese sassafras.

Cinnamomum tamala:
Indian cassia.

Cinnamomum zeylanicum (C. verum, Laurus cinnamomum):
Cinnamon, Ceylon cinnamon, Seychelles cinnamon, Madagascar cinnamon, true cinnamon.

Cryptocarya massoy (Massoia aromatica):
Massoi.
Laurus nobilis;
Grecian laurel, sweet bay, laurel, true bay, Mediterranean bay, Roman laurel, noble laurel, laurel leaf (oil); three subspecies exist.

Lindera umbellata var. umbellata:
Kuru-moji; several other subspecies exist.

Litsea cubeba (L. citrata):
May-chang, exotic verbena, tropical verbena.

Nectandra elaiophora:
Louro nhamuy.

Ocotea caudata (Licaria guianensis):
Cayenne rosewood.

Ocotea cymbarum (Mespilodaphne sassafras):
Amazonian sassafras.

Ocotea pretiosa:
Brazilian sassafras.

Phoebe nanmu.

Sassafras albidum (S. officinale, Laurus sassafras, S. variifolium):
Common sassafras, North American sassafras, sassafrax.

Brassicaceae (Cruciferae)

Armoracia rusticana (A. lapathifolia, Cochlearia armoracia):
Horseradish, red cole, raifort.

Brassica juncea:
Indian mustard, brown mustard.

Brassica nigra:
Black mustard.

Cheiranthus cheiri:
Wallflower.

Resedaceae

Reseda odorata:
Reseda, common mignonette.

Grossulariaceae

Ribes nigrum:
Blackcurrant, niribine (oil); several cultivars exist.

Hamamelidaceae

Liquidambar orientalis:
Oriental sweetgum, Levant styrax, Asiatic styrax, storax, Turkish sweetgum, liquid storax.

Liquidambar styraciflua
: Sweetgum, American styrax, storax, red gum.

Rosaceae

Prunus dulcis (P. communis, P. amygdalus, Amygdalus communis, A. dulcis):

Almond; there are two varieties:

var. dulcis:

Sweet almond var. amara:
Bitter almond.

Rosa alba (R. damascena var. alba):
White rose; the main cultivar is called ‘Semiplena’, similar to the Bulgarian ‘Suaveolens’.

Rosa
canina:
Dogrose, doghip.

Rosa centifolia:
Cabbage rose, Provence rose, French rose, rose de mai, hundred-leaved rose.

Rosa damascena:
Summer damask rose, Turkish rose, Bulgarian rose; the main cultivar is ‘Trigintipetala’ or ‘Kazanlik rose’. There are also several other subspecies including:

var. semperflorens:
Autumn damask rose.

Rosa gallica:
French rose, Provins rose; the two main cultivars were once ‘Conditorum’ or the Hungarian rose, and ‘Officinalis’, ‘Apothecary’ rose or the red damask rose.

Rosa indica:
Tea rose, oriental rose.

Rosa
muscatta:
Musk rose

Rosa rubiginosa (R. eglanteria):
Eglantine, sweet briar.

Rosa rugosa:
Rugosa rose, ramanas rose, Japanese rose, Chinese rose.

Mimosaceae

Acacia caven (A. cavenia):
Roman cassie.

Acacia dealbata (A. decurrens var. dealbata):
Mimosa, Sydney black wattle.

Acacia farnesiana (Cassia ancienne):
Sweet acacia, cassie, huisache, popinac, opopanax.

Fabaceae (Leguminosae)

Copaifera coricea:
Copaiba.

Copaifera guyanensis:
Copaiba.

Copaifera lansdorffinii:
Copaiba.

Copaifera martii:
Copaiba.

Copaifera multijuga:
Copaiba.

Copaifera officinalis:
Copaiba, copahu balsam, copaiva, Jesuit’s balsam, para balsam, Maracaibo balsam, balsam copaiba (oil).

Copaifera reticulata:
Copaiba.

Daniellia thurifera:
Ogea gum, illorin gum, balsam Sierra Leone, ‘frankincense’.

Dipteryx odorata (Coumarouna odorata):
Tonka, Dutch tonka bean, tonquin bean.

Glycyrrhiza glabra:
Liquorice, licorice.

Melilotus officinalis:
Yellow melilot, common melilot, white melilot, corn melilot, melilot trefoil, sweet clover, plaster clover, sweet lucerne, wild laburnum, king’s clover, melilotin (oleoresin).

Myrocarpus fastigiatus:
Cabreuva, cabureicica.

Myrocarpus frondosus:
Cabreuva.

Myroxylon balsamum:
this group is divided into three main sub-species:

var. balsamum (var. genuinum, Myrospermum toluiferum, Toluiferum balsamum, Balsamum americanum, Balsamum tolutanum:
Opobalsam, Tolu balsam, Thomas balsam, resin tolu

var. pereirae (Myrospermum pereirae, Toluifera pereirae, Myroxylon pereirae):

Peru Balsam, Peruvian balsam, Indian balsam, black balsam

var. punctatum (Myroxylon punctatum)
.

Robinia pseudo-acacia:
Black locust, false acacia.

Spartium junceum (Genista juncea):
Spanish broom, weaver’s broom, genista, genet.

Trifolium pratense:
Red clover; several varieties exist.

Trigonella foenum-graecum:
Fenugreek.

Geraniaceae

Geranium macrorrhizum:
Bulgarian geranium.

Pelargonium graveolens:
Rose geranium, geranium; numerous other varieties and cultivars exist such as: P.
odoratissimum, P. radens, P. capitatum
and
P.x asperum.

Zygophyllaceae

Bulnesia sarmienti:
Guaiacwood, champaca wood (oil).

Rutaceae

Agathosma betulina (Barosma betulina):
Buchu, mountain buchu, short buchu, bookoo, buku, bucco.

Agathosma crenulata (Barosma crenulata):
Oval buchu, crenate buchu.

Amyris balsamifera (Schimmelia oleifera):
Amyris, West Indian sandalwood, West Indian rosewood.

Boronia megastigma:
Boronia, brown boronia.

Citrus aurantifolia (C. latifolia, C. medica var. acida):
Lime, Mexican lime, West Indian lime, sour lime.

Citrus aurantium var. amara (C. vulgaris, C. bigaradia):
Bitter orange, sour orange, Seville orange, bigarade (oil), neroli bigarade (oil), orange flower (oil), petitgrain orange (oil).

Citrus bergamia (C. aurantium subsp.bergamia):
Bergamot; the two main cultivars are ‘Castagnaro’ and ‘Femmenillo’.

Citrus hystrix:
Leech-lime, Mauritius papeda, combava (oil).

Citrus jambhiri:
Rough lemon (Java lemon); the two main cultivars are ‘Estes’ and ‘Milam’.

Citrus limetta:
Italian lime, limette (oil).

Citrus limon (C. limonum):
Lemon, cedro (oil); there are many cultivars notably ‘Berna’, ‘Eureka’, ‘Lisbon’, ‘Femminello Ovale’ and ‘Femminello Sfusato’.

Citrus medica:
Citron, cedrat; the main cultivar is ‘Diamante’.

Citrus x paradisi (C. maxima var. racemosa, C. racemosa):
Grapefruit; there are many cultivars.

Citrus reticulata (C. deliciosa, C. nobilis, C. unshiu):
Mandarin, tangerine, satsuma; there are many cultivars, the most common being ‘Crava’.

Citrus sinensis (C. aurantium var. sinensis, C. aurantium var. dulcis):
Sweet orange, Portugal orange, China orange; there are many cultivars notably ‘Valencia’; also produces neroli Portugal or neroli petalae (oil).

Citrus jambhiri x C. aurantifolia:
Lemon n’lime.

Citrus limon x C. sinensis:
Lemonange.

Citrus reticulata x C. x paradisi:
Tangelo.

Dictamus albus:
Dittany, fraxinella, burning bush, gas plant.

Galipea trifoliata (G. officinalis, G. cusparia, Cusparia trifoliata):
Angustora.

Luvunga scandens:
Sugandh kokila.

Pilocarpus jaborandi (Pernambuco jaborandi, P. pennatifolius):
Jaborandi, Iaborandi, jamborandi.

Ruta angustifolia:
Sardinian rue, North African rue.

Ruta chalepensis (R. bracteosa):
Winter rue, Sicilian rue, North African rue.

Ruta graveolens:
Rue, garden rue, herb-of-grace, herbygrass.

Ruta montana:
Summer rue, Spanish rue, North African rue.

Skimmia laureola.