The Demon's Brood (41 page)

Some of them were among the greatest Englishmen who ever lived. Presiding over the fusion of French-speaking colonists and
Anglo-Saxon natives into a nation, giving us the Common Law and parliamentary government, they hammered out a kingdom that became Great Britain.

1
   Lord Macaulay,
The History of England
, 4 vols (London, 1849), vol. 1, p. 13.

2
   O. Guillot,
Le Comte d'Anjou et son entourage aux XIme siècle
(Paris, 1972), p. 25.

3
   Gerald of Wales,
Giraldi Cambrensis Opera
, 8 vols, ed. J. S. Brewer et al., Rolls Series (London, 1861–9), viii, p. 301.

4
   Walter Map,
De Nugis Curialium: Courtiers' Trifles
, ed. and trans. M. R. James, revised C. N. L. Brooke and R. A. B. Mynors (Oxford, 1983), p. 346.

5
   Gerald of Wales,
Giraldi Cambrensis Opera
, viii, p. 301.

6
   J. Buchan,
The Path of the King
(London, 1921), p. 10.

1
.   J. R. Green,
History of the English People
, 4 vols (London, 1877), i, p. 148.

2
.   
Chroniques des Comtes d'Anjou et des Comtes d'Amboise
, ed. L. Halphen and R. Poupardin (Paris, 1913).

3
.   W. Stubbs,
Select Charters
(Oxford, 1900), p. 84.

4
.   William of Malmesbury,
Historia Novella: The Contemporary History
, ed. E. King, trans. K. R. Potter, Oxford Medieval Texts (Oxford, 1998), pp. 32–3.

5
.   
The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
, trans. and ed. G. N. Garmonsway (London and New York, 1954), p. 263.

6
.   Henry of Huntingdon,
Historia Anglorum: The History of the English People
, Oxford Medieval Texts (Oxford, 1996), p. 724.

7
.   
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
, p. 263.

8
.   Henry of Huntingdon,
Historia Anglorum
, p. 734.

9
.   Henry of Huntingdon,
Historia Anglorum
, p. 720.

10
.   
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
, pp. 264–5.

1
.   Gerald of Wales,
Giraldi Cambrensis Opera
, viii, p. 295.

2
.   William FitzStephen,
Vita Sanctae Thomae
, in J. C. Robertson,
Materials for the History of Thomas Becket
, Rolls Series, 3 vols (London, 1877) vol. iii p. 65.

3
.   E. King,
King Stephen
(New Haven and London, 2010), pp. 262–4.

4
.   
Gesta Stephani
, ed. and trans. K. R. Potter, with new intro and notes by R. H. C. Davis (Oxford, 1976), p. 261.

5
.   
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
, p. 267.

6
.   Richard of Devizes, quoted in
Chronicles of the Reigns of Stephen, Henry II and Richard I
, ed. R. Howlett, Rolls Series, 4 vols (London, 1884–90), iii, p. 402.

7
.   
Chronicle of Robert de Torigni
in
Chronicles of the Reigns of Stephen
etc., iv, pp. 165–6.

8
.   William of Malmesbury,
Historia Novella
, i, pp. 277–8.

9
.   J. Gillingham,
The English in the Twelfth Century
(Woodbridge, 2000), p. 140.

10
.   William of Newburgh,
The History of English Affairs: Book II
, ed. G. H. Walsh and M. J. Kennedy, Aris & Phillips Classical Texts (Oxford, 2007), p. 15.

11
.   N. Barratt, ‘Finance and Economy in the Reign of Henry II', in C. Harper-Bill and N. Vincent (eds),
Henry II: New Interpretations
(Woodbridge, 2007).

12
.   R. Barber,
Henry Plantagenet
(Woodbridge, 2001).

13
.   Gerald of Wales,
Giraldi Cambrensis Opera
, viii, p. 316.

14
.   William FitzStephen,
Vita Sanctae Thomae
, iii, pp. 103–6.

15
.   Adam of Eynsham,
Magna Vita Sancti Hugonis
, ed. D. L. Douie and H. Farmer, 2 vols (Clarendon Press: Oxford, 1985), vol. 1, p. 117.

16
.   Walter Map,
De Nugis Curialium
, pp. 476–86.

17
.   
Chronicon Monasterii de Bello
, ed. J. S. Brewer (London, 1846), pp. 105–9 (cit. W. L. Warren,
Henry II
(London, 1973), p. 327).

18
.   Warren,
Henry II
, p. 132.

19
.   N. Vincent, ‘The Court of Henry II', in
Henry II
:
New Interpretations
, pp. 306–8.

20
.   J. Southworth,
Fools and Jesters at the English Court
(Stroud, 1998), p. 339.

21
.   Warren,
Henry II
, p. 630.

22
.   J. Gillingham,
The Angevin Empire
(Arnold: London, 2001), p. 230.

23
.   Gerald of Wales,
Giraldi Cambrensis Opera
, viii, p. 159.

24
.   
The Chronicle of Battle Abbey
, ed. and trans. E. Searle (Oxford, 1980), p. 186.

25
.   A. J. Duggan, ‘Henry II, the English Church and the Papacy', in
Henry II: New Interpretations
, p. 168.

26
.   William FitzStephen,
Vita Sanctae Thomae
, iii, p. 45.

27
.   William FitzStephen,
Vita Sanctae Thomae
, iii, p. 430.

28
.   R. Barber,
Thomas Becket
(London, 1986), p. 273.

29
.   Ralph de Diceto,
Historical Works
, ed. W. Stubbs, Rolls Series, 2 vols (London, 1876), i, p. 33.

30
.   Roger of Howden,
Gesta Henrici II et Riccardi I
, ed. W. Stubbs, Rolls Series, 2 vols (London, 1867), i, p. 292.

31
.   Walter Map,
De Nugis Curialium
, p. 282.

32
.   K. Norgate,
England and the Angevin Empire
, 2 vols (London, 1889), ii, p. 231.

33
.   
Histoire de Guillaume le Maréchal
, ed. P. Meyer, 3 vols (Paris, 1891–1901), i, lines 8831–50.

34
.   Gerald of Wales,
Giraldi Cambrensis Opera
, viii, p. 296.

1
.   
Poetria Nova of Geoffrey de Vinsauf
, trans. M. F. Nims (Toronto, 1967), pp. 28–31; quoted by J. Gillingham,
Richard I
(New Haven and London, 1998).

2
.   William of Newburgh,
The History of English Affairs: Book IV
.

3
.   Howden,
Gesta Henrici II
, ii, pp. 146–7.

4
.   Gillingham,
Richard I
, p. 263.

5
.   Eynsham,
Magna Vita
, ii, p. 105.

6
.   Beha ed-Din,
What Befell Sultan Yusuf
, trans. C. W. Wilson, Palestine Pilgrims; Text Society, 13 vols (London, 1897), xiii, pp. 375–6.

7
.   Beha ed-Din,
What Befell Sultan Yusuf
, xiii, pp. 375–6.

8
.   Howden,
Gesta Henrici II
, iii, p. 216.

9
.   Howden,
Gesta Henrici II
, iii, p. 142.

10
.   Howden,
Gesta Henrici II
, ii, p. 245.

11
.   
History of William Marshal
, ed. A. J. Holden and trans. S. Gregory (Anglo-Norman Text Society: London, 2002–6), ii, lines 110409– 110411.

12
.   K. Norgate,
Richard the Lion Heart
(London, 1924), p. 322.

13
.   Howden,
Gesta Henrici II
, iv, pp. 58–9.

14
.   Howden,
Gesta Henrici II
, iv, pp. 82–3.

15
.   Eynsham,
Magna Vita
, ii, p. 136.

16
.   Howden,
Gesta Henrici II
, iv, p. 84.

17
.   
History of William Marshal
, ii, line 11766.

18
.   J. France,
Western Warfare in the Age of the Crusades 1100–1300
(London, 1999), p. 142.

1
.   Macaulay,
History of England
, i, p. 15.

2
.   
Chronica Majora
, ed. H. R. Luard, 7 vols, Rolls Series (London, 1872), ii, p. 669.

3
.   J. Gillingham, ‘Historians without Hindsight: Coggeshall, Diceto and Howden on the Early Years of John's Reign', in
King John: New Interpretations
, ed. S. D. Church (Boydell Press: Woodbridge, 1999), pp. 1–26.

4
.   
History of William Marshal
, ed. A. J. Holden, trans. S. Gregory, 3 vols (Anglo-Norman Text Society: London, 2004–6), ii, lines 11904–7.

5
.   
Annals of Barnwell Priory
, in
Memoriale Walteri de Coventeria
, ed. W. Stubbs, Rolls Series (London, 1872–3), ii, p. 196.

6
.   
The Historical Works of Gervase of Canterbury
, ed. W. Stubbs, Rolls Series, 2 vols (London, 1879–90), ii, pp. 92–3.

7
.   
Chronica Rogeri de Wendover liber qui dicitur Flores Historiarum
, ed. H. G. Hewlett, 3 vols, Rolls Series (London, 1886–9), ii, pp. 48–9.

8
.   D. Power, ‘King John and the Norman Aristocracy', in
King John: New Interpretations
, pp. 135–6.

9
.   
Chronica Rogeri de Wendover
, i, pp. 316–17.

10
.   
Radulphi de Coggeshall, Chronicon Anglicanum
, ed. J. Stevenson, Rolls Series (London, 1875), p. 144.

11
.   
Gervase of Canterbury
, ii, pp. 97–8.

12
.   W. L. Warren,
King John
(Eyre & Spottiswoode: London, 1961), p. 125.

13
.   Gillingham,
The Angevin Empire
, p. 85.

14
.   Howden,
Gesta Henrici II
, iii, p. 198.

15
.   
Gervase of Canterbury
, ii, p. lix.

16
.   S. Painter,
The Reign of King John
(Johns Hopkins Press: Baltimore, 1949), pp. 231–2.

17
.   
Chronica Majora
, ii, pp. 560–3.

18
.   N. Vincent, ‘Isabella of Angoulême', in
King John: New Interpretations
, p. 166.

19
.   Adam of Eynsham,
Magna Vita
, ii, pp. 143–4.

20
.   Adam of Eynsham,
Magna Vita
, ii, p. 141.

21
.   Adam of Eynsham,
Magna Vita
, ii, p. 185.

22
.   C. Harper-Bill, ‘John and the Church of Rome', in
King John: New Interpretations
, p. 306.

23
.   R. V. Turner, ‘John and Justice', in S. D. Church (ed.),
King John: New Interpretations
, p. 319.

24
.   
Chronica Rogeri de Wendover
, ii, p. 50.

25
.   S. Duffy, ‘John and Ireland, the Origin of England's Irish Problem', in
King John: New Approaches
, p. 242.

26
.   
Annals of Barnwell Priory
, ii, p. 203.

27
.   
Chronica Rogeri de Wendover
, ii, p. 248.

28
.   Painter,
The Reign of King John
, pp. 249–50.

29
.   Warren,
King John
, p. 191.

30
.   
Chronica Rogeri de Wendover
, ii, p. 263.

31
.   Holt,
Magna Carta
, quoted by Turner in
King John: New Interpretations
, p. 320.

32
.   Harper-Bill, ‘King John and the Church of Rome', in
King John: New Interpretations
, p. 310.

33
.   
Chronica Majora
, ii, p. 559.

34
.   N. Vincent,
Peter des Roches: An Alien in English Politics 1205– 1238
(Cambridge, 1996).

35
.   
Chronica Rogeri de Wendover
, ii, p. 155.

36
.   Ralph of Coggeshall,
[Radulphi of Coggeshall] Chronicon Anglia-canum
, ed. J. Stevenson, Rolls Series (London, 1875), i, p. 172.

37
.   
Chronica Majora
, ii, p. 611.

38
.   
Chronica Rogeri de Wendover
, iii, pp. 320, 321.

39
.   
Chronica Majora
, ii, pp. 641–2.

40
.   
Chronica Rogeri de Wendover
, iii, p. 384.