The Case for Mars (61 page)

Lowell, Percival,
26
–27,
185

Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, Arizona,
26

Lunar missions,
13
,
45
,
46
,
48
–50,
135
–137,
184
,
220
–223.
See also
Apollo program

Lunar orbital rendezvous (LOR) plan,
50

Lunar rovers,
142
,
143

MacKenzie, Bruce,
173
,
176

Maechling, Claude,
314

Magellan
spacecraft,
52
,
97

Magnesium oxide,
220

Magnetic sails,
101
,
234
,
243
–245

Magnetite,
317
,
318

Main Belt asteroids,
226
–230

Malthusianism,
303

Mandell, Humbolt “Hum,”
68

Manganese,
200

Manned Orbiting Laboratory,
150

MAR
See
Mars Aerial Platform (MAP) mission

Mariner
program,
27
–30,
82
,
87
,
130
,
131
,
140
,
157
,
170

Marquardt Company,
241

Mars.
See also
Mars Direct mission atmosphere of,
25
,
27
,
34
,
39
,
57
,
129
,
130
,
136
,
140
,
145
,
146
,
148
,
149
,
177
,
192
,
194
,
222
,
249
–251

base-building period,
165
,
171
–215,
218

brick manufacture,
174
–175,
187
–188

ceramic and glass production,
184
–185

founding base,
173

greenhouse agriculture,
181
,
195
–199

habitation,
175
–181

metallurgy,
199
–205

plastic manufacture,
182
–184

power,
205
–211

support of long-range mobility,
212
–215

tapping water,
185
–193

colonization of,
172
,
217
–246

advanced interplanetary transportation,
224
,
240
–246

beginnings of,
215

historical analogies,
239
–240

interplanetary commerce,
223
–231

populating,
231
–236

real estate sales,
236
–239

sponsorship,
231
–236

uniqueness,
220
–222

dust storms,
28
–29,
82
,
113
,
129
–132,
207

early observations of,
24
–26

exploration of,
139
–170,
218

communications,
156
–159

navigation,
160
–162

propellant production,
148
–156

surface mobility,
141
–147

telerobotics,
164
–166

timekeeping,
163
–164

ionosphere of,
157
–159

Kepler’s study of,
22
–24

Loweliian vision of,
26
–27

Mariner
program and,
27
–30

Martian day,
25
,
163
–164,
166

Martian year,
166
–170

meteorite discoveries of 1996,
307
–323

opposition-class mission to,
79
–83

seasons of,
25

Soviet space program,
28
–29,
36
,
37
,
88
,
107
,
121
,
130
,
159
,
279
–282

temperature of,
27
–28,
57
,
129
,
136
,
175
,
249
–263,
271
–272

terraforming,
70
,
71
,
218
,
238
,
247
–272

calculations,
251
–260

hydrosphere activation,
268

methods of accomplishing global warming,
263
–268

oxygenating,
269
–270

rate of outgassing of atmosphere from regolith,
260
–262

terrain of,
29
,
139
–140

trajectory options,
76
–77,
80
,
83
,
84

Viking
program,
13
,
19
–20,
30
–36,
39
,
52
,
70
,
87
,
99
,
130
–132,
140
,
148
,
157
,
170
,
174
,
184
,
188
,
190
,
196
,
198
,
207
,
208
,
268

Mars Aerial Platform (MAP) mission,
38
–40,
165

Mars 2 and 3
lander,
28
,
130
,
170

Mars ascent vehicle (MAV),
41
–43,
67
,
69

Mars Direct mission

abort options and backup plans,
95
–101

advanced technology options,
101
–109

artificial gravity systems,
122
–126

base-building.
See
Base-building period birth of,
51
–69

colonization.
See
Colonization of Mars

conjunction-class mission,
79
–83,
90

crew,
7
–8,
63
,
85
–87,
105
,
126
–129

defined,
2
–3

direct launch,
87
–91

dust storms,
129
–132

exploration.
See
Exploration of Mars

Mars Prize bill and,
284
–285

mission risk,
13
–14,
62

mission sequence,
3
–16

propellant and supplies,
3
–5,
53
–54,
57
–61,
66
–68,
91
–95,
100
,
148
–156

psychological stress issue,
126
–129

radiation hazards,
114
–121

surface time,
9
–10,
53

terraforming.
See
Terraforming Mars

Mars Global Surveyor
spacecraft,
36
,
160

Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama,
64

Mars
Observer
spacecraft,
36
,
37
,
39
,
170

Marsokhod
rover,
44

Mars orbital capture (MOC),
89

Mars Orbital Rendezvous (MOR) plan,
41
–44,
50
,
99