The Cannabis Breeder's Bible (42 page)

ORGANELLE:
A differentiated structure within a cell, such as a mitochondrion, vacuole, or chloroplast, that performs a specific function.

ORGANIC:
Of, relating to, or derived from living organism.

OUTBREEDING:
The interbreeding of individuals or strains that are relatively unrelated.

OVERDOMINANCE:
The condition of a heterozygote having a phenotype that is more pronounced or better adapted than that of either homozygote.

OVULE:
A minute structure in seed plants, containing the embryo sac and surrounded by the nucellus, that develops into a seed after fertilization.

OXYGEN:
A nonmetallic element constituting 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume that occurs as a diatomic gas, O
₂
, and in many compounds such as water and iron ore. It combines with most elements, is essential for plant and animal respiration, and is required for nearly all combustion.

P

PERENNIAL:
Living three or more years.

PETIOLE:
The stalk by which a leaf is attached to a stem. Also called leafstalk.

PH:
A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, numerically equal to 7 for neutral solutions, increasing with increasing alkalinity and decreasing with increasing acidity. The pH scale commonly in use ranges from 0 to 14.

PHENOTYPE:
The observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, as determined by both genetic makeup and environmental influences. The expression of a specific trait, such as stature or blood type, based on genetic and environmental influences. An individual or group of organisms exhibiting a particular phenotype.

PHOTOPERIOD:
The duration of an organism’s daily exposure to light, considered especially with regard to the effect of the exposure on growth and development.

PHOTOSYNTHESIS
:The process in green plants and certain other organisms by which carbohydrates are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water using light as an energy source. Most forms of photosynthesis release oxygen as a byproduct.

PHOTOTROPISM:
The tendency of growing plant organs to move or curve under the influence of light. In ordinary use the term is practically synonymous with heliotropism.

PHYLLOTAXY:
The arrangement of leaves on a stem.

PHYTOCHROME:
A cytoplasmic pigment of green plants that absorbs light and regulates dormancy, seed germination, and flowering.

PIGMENT:
A substance used as coloring. A substance, such as chlorophyll that produces a characteristic color in plant tissue.

PISTIL:
The female, ovule-bearing organ of a flower, including the stigma, style, and ovary.

PISTILLATE:
Having one or more pistils. Having pistils but no stamens; pistillate flowers.

POLLEN:
The fine powderlike material consisting of pollen grains that is produced by the anthers of seed plants.

POLLINATE:
To transfer pollen from an anther to the stigma of (a flower).

POLYPLOID:
Having one or more extra sets of chromosomes: a polyploid species; a polyploid cell.

PRE-FLOWERING:
Calyx development before flowering. Also called Primordia.

PROGENY:
Offspring or descendants considered as a group.

PRUNE:
To cut off or remove dead or living parts to improve shape or growth.

PUNNETT SQUARE:
In genetics, a type of grid used to show the gametes of each parent and their possible offspring; a type of grid that can indicate all the possible outcomes of a genetic cross.

PURE BREED:
See IBL

R

RACE:
See landrace.

RADICLE:
The part of a plant embryo that develops into a root.

RANDOM MATING:
Mating without selective pressures.

RECESSIVE:
Tending to go backward or recede. Of, relating to, or designating an allele that does not produce a characteristic effect when present with a dominant allele. Of or relating to a trait that is expressed only when the determining allele is present in the homozygous condition.

REGENERATE:
To flower the plant again after harvest. Also called rejuvenation, reflowering and revegetation.

S

SCROG:
Stands for Screen Of Green, a SOG style grow with a mesh type canopy to train top cola growth.

SEEDLING:
A young plant that is grown from a seed.

SEXING:
Determining your plant’s gender.

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION:
Relating to, produced by, or involving reproduction that occurs with the union of male and female gametes, as in seed production.

SHOOT:
A young branch or growth.

SINSEMILLA:
Unpollinated female buds.

SOG:
Stands for Sea Of Green, a group of clones flowered quickly together to produce an even canopy of bud.

SPIDER MITE:
Any one of several species of parasitic mites of the genus Argas and allied genera. Any one of numerous small mites injurious to plants.

STAGNANT:
A term used to describe growth stunting because of a problem.

STAMEN:
The pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower, usually consisting of a filament and an anther.

STAMINATE:
Having stamens but lacking pistils.

STEM:
The main ascending axis of a plant; a stalk or trunk.

STIPULE:
One of the usually small, paired appendages at the base of a leafstalk

STOMA/STOMATA:
One of the minute pores in the epidermis of a leaf or stem through which gases and water vapor pass. Also called stomate.

T

TAPROOT:
The main root of a plant, usually stouter than the lateral roots and growing straight downward from the stem.

TERPENE/TERPINOIDS:
Any of various unsaturated hydrocarbons, C
₁₀
H
₁₆
, found in plants and used in organic syntheses.

TETRAPLOID:
Having four times the haploid number of chromosomes in the cell nucleus.

THC:
A compound, C
₂₁
H
₃₀
O
₂
, obtained from cannabis or made synthetically, that is the primary intoxicant in marijuana and hashish.

TRANSLOCATION:
A transfer of a chromosomal segment to a new position, especially on a nonhomologous chromosome. A chromosomal segment that is translocated.

TRANSPIRATION:
The emission of water vapor from the leaves of plants.

TRICHOME:
A mushroom shaped cannabinoid containing outgrowth on the pistil of a cannabis plant.

TRIPLOID:
Having three times the haploid number of chromosomes in the cell nucleus.

TRUE-BREEDING:
See IBL

W

WATT:
An International System unit of power equal to one joule per second.

WHORLED PHYLLOTAXY:
Having more than two branches form at the same axis area.

X

XYLEM:
The supporting and water-conducting tissue of vascular plants, consisting primarily of tracheids and vessels; woody tissue.

Z

ZYGOTE:
The cell resulting from the union of an ovum and a spermatozoon (including the organism that develops from that cell.

INDEX

A

abscisic acid

Acadian Seaweed Extract

adaptableness/adaptability

additive genes

advertising, deceptions in

African strains

age, as factor in mutations

air conditioning

alleles

Aminogro

amyloplast (starch grains)

androdioecy

aneuploidy

anthesis

apical dominance

apical meristems

aroma and taste development

asexual reproduction.
See
clones and cloning

automatic transmission advantage

auto-topping

auxins

B

backcrossing

in cubing

squaring

“bag seed”

bag technique of pollen collection

barmac auxinone

basal cells

biogenetics

biotechnology

Bonza Bud

Boveri, Theodor

branching traits

breeders

definition of

marketing campaign

standards of good breeders

breeding and breeding programs

breeders on breeding

commitment to

compatibility in breeding models

concept of breeding

failures in

Hardy-Weinberg model of genetic equilibrium

hybridizing for selection

natural selection

nonrandom mating

principles of

random mating

and record keeping

simple breeding

strain development for market areas

true strains

wild pollination

breeding labs, commercial

Note: Page numbers in italics refer to photographs or illustrations. Numbers followed by ÒtÓ refer to charts or tables.

safety and cleanliness of

ventilation in

breeding rooms

brick weed, and bag seed

buds

bud production

curing

from feminized seeds

manicuring

node buds

removing seeds from

supporting weight of

terminal buds

.
See also
colas; top colas

bulbils (leaf buds)

C

cabinet growing

calyx development

and flowering properties

and gender identification

mutations

nutrient ratios

size of calyx

and stress

and yields

calyx/leaf ratio

manicuring

and potency

canabichromene (CBC)

cannabidiol (CBD)

cannabigerol (CBG)

cannabinoid receptors

cannabinoids

breeding for

categorization of

as fungicide

molecular structure

psychoactive ingredients in

and trichome development

cannabinol (CBN)

cannabis

evolutionary development of

genetically modified cannabis

genome

historical classification of

medical use of

plant morphology

polygamy in

scientific classification

sexual evolution of

species classification

species description

species subset types

structure of

Cannabis Cup competitions, effect of on market

carbon dioxide (CO
₂
), enrichment

carotenoids

catalase (enzyme)

cell structure

amyloplast (starch grains)

basal cells

cell membrane

cell wall

chloroplasts

chromatin

cytoplasm

diploid cells

druse crystal

endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi apparatus (Golgi bodies)

haploid cells

lysosomes

microtubules

mitochondria

and molecular genetics

nucleus and nucleolus

organelles in

peroxisomes

plasma membrane

plastids

raphide crystal

ribosomes

secretory cavity

stipe cells

vacuoles and vacuole membrane

cellular respiration

chlorophyll

chloroplasts

Christiansen, F.B.

chromosomes

modifications in

and sexual expression

clones and cloning

clone cabinet

clone mothers

cubing

development of clone strains

diversity in

force flowering

hermaphrodite condition

maturity of

for medical use

mutations in

from seed

selfing of

shipping

single-bladed leaves

somaclonal variations

tissue culture

use in backcrossing

use of Superthrive

vs seeds

warping in

.
See also
mother plants