The Caine Mutiny

THE CAINE MUTINY

BY HERMAN WOUK

Novels

The
Caine
Mutiny

The City Boy

Aurora Dawn

Plays

The
Caine
Mutiny Court-Martial

The Traitor

The
Caine
Mutiny

A NOVEL OF WORLD WAR II

by Herman Wouk

ILLUSTRATED WITH PHOTOGRAPHS

Doubleday & Company, Inc., Garden City, New York, 1954

NOTE: This is a work of fiction in the historical setting of World War II. It contains errors of fact. Times and places of specific circumstances in actual military operations, names and missions of ships, and naval communication procedures have been distorted either to suit the story or to avoid inadvertent recounting of still classified information. All the persons and events aboard the
Caine
are imaginary. Any resemblance to actual persons or events is coincidental. No ship named U.S.S.
Caine
exists or existed. The records of thirty years show no instance of a court-martial resulting from the relief of a captain at sea under Article 184, 185, and 186 of the Naval Regulations. The fictitious figure of the deposed captain was contrived from a study of psychoneurotic case histories to motivate the central situation and is not a portrait of a real military person or a type. This statement is made in view of an existing tendency to seek lampoons of living people in fiction. The author served under two captains of the regular Navy in three years aboard destroyer-minesweepers, both of whom were decorated for valor. One comment on style: The general obscenity and blasphemy of shipboard talk have gone almost wholly unrecorded. This good-humored billingsgate is largely monotonous and not significant, mere verbal punctuation of a sort, and its appearance in print annoys some readers. The traces that remain are necessary where occurring.

Copyright, 1951, by Herman Wouk

All Rights Reserved

Printed in the United States

All photographs of the play are by Gene Howard-Hollywood. Photographs facing pages 39 and 318 are by Columbia Pictures Corporation. All other photographs are by Dennis Stock-Magnum Photos, Inc.

This tale is for my wife,

with all my love

From the
Navy
Regulations;

Article 184.

UNUSUAL CIRCUMSTANCES.

It is conceivable that most unusual and extraordinary circumstances may arise in which the relief from duty of a commanding officer by a subordinate becomes necessary, either by placing him under arrest or on the sick list; but such action shall never be taken without the approval of the Navy Department or other appropriate higher authority, except when reference to such higher authority is undoubtedly impracticable because of the delay involved or for other clearly obvious reason. Such reference must set forth all facts in the case, and the reasons for the recommendation, with particular regard to the degree of urgency involved.

Article 185.

CONDITIONS TO FULFILL.

In order that a subordinate officer, acting upon his own initiative, may be vindicated for relieving a commanding officer from duty, the situation must be obvious and clear, and must admit of the single conclusion that the retention of command by such commanding officer will seriously and irretrievably prejudice the public interests. The subordinate officer so acting must be next in lawful succession to command; must be unable to refer the matter to a common superior for one of the reasons set down in Article 184; must be certain that the prejudicial actions of his commanding officer are not caused by secret instructions unknown to the subordinate; must have given the matter such careful consideration, and must have made such exhaustive investigation of all the circumstances, as may be practicable; and finally must be thoroughly convinced that the conclusion to relieve his commanding officer is one which a reasonable, prudent, and experienced officer would regard as a necessary consequence from the facts thus determined to exist.

Article 186.

RESPONSIBILITY.

Intelligently fearless initiative is an important trait of military character, and it is not the purpose to discourage its employment in cases of this nature. However, as the action of relieving a superior from command involves most serious possibilities, a decision so to do or so to recommend should be based upon facts established by substantial evidence, and upon the official views of others in a position to form valuable opinions, particularly of a technical character. An officer relieving his commanding officer or recommending such action, together with all others who so counsel, must bear the legitimate responsibility for, and must be prepared to justify, such action.

It was not a mutiny in the old-time sense, of course, with flashing of cutlasses, a captain in chains, and desperate sailors turning outlaws. After all, it happened in 1944 in the United States Navy. But the court of inquiry recommended trial for mutiny, and the episode became known as “the Caine mutiny” throughout the service.

The story begins with Willie Keith because the event turned on his personality as the massive door of a vault turns on a small jewel bearing.

PART ONE

WILLIE KEITH

CHAPTER 1

Through the Looking Glass

He was of medium height, somewhat chubby, and good looking, with curly red hair and an innocent, gay face, more remarkable for a humorous air about the eyes and large mouth than for any strength of chin or nobility of nose. He had graduated from Princeton in 1941 with high marks in all subjects except mathematics and sciences. His academic specialty had been comparative literature. But his real career at Princeton had consisted of playing the piano and inventing bright little songs for parties and shows.

He kissed his mother good-by on the sidewalk near the corner of Broadway and 116th Street in New York City, on a cold sunny morning in December 1942. The family Cadillac was parked beside them, its motor running, but maintaining a well-bred silence. Around them stood the dingy gray-and-red buildings of Columbia University.

“Don’t you think,” said Mrs. Keith, smiling bravely, “that we might stop in that drugstore first and have a sandwich?”

She had driven her son to the midshipmen school from their home in Manhasset, despite Willie’s protests. Willie had wanted to take the train. It would have seemed more like departing for the wars; he did not like being escorted to the gates of the Navy by his mother. But Mrs. Keith had prevailed as usual. She was a large, wise, firm woman, as tall as her son, and well endowed with brow and jaw. This morning she was wearing a fur-trimmed brown cloth coat instead of mink, to match the austerity of the event. Beneath her mannish brown hat her hair showed the dominant red strain that had reappeared in her only child. Otherwise there was little resemblance between mother and son.

“The Navy’ll feed me, Mom. Don’t worry.”

He kissed her for the second time and glanced nervously about, hoping that no military men were observing the over-tender scene. Mrs. Keith pressed his shoulder lovingly.

“I know you’ll do wonderfully, Willie. Just as you always have.”

“Aye aye, Mother.” Willie strode along the brick walk past the School of Journalism, and down a few steps to the entrance of Furnald Hall, formerly a dormitory for law students. A grizzled, pudgy Navy chief with four red service stripes on his blue coat stood in the doorway. Mimeographed papers in his hand flapped in the breeze. Willie wondered whether to salute, and swiftly decided that the gesture did not go well with a brown raglan coat and green pork-pie hat. He had completely forgotten his mother.

“You V-7?” The chief’s voice was like a shovelful of pebbles dropped on tin.

“Aye aye.” Willie grinned self-consciously. The chief returned the grin and appraised him briefly with, it seemed, an affectionate eye. He handed Willie four sheets clipped together.

“You’re starting a new life. Good luck.”

“Thank you, sir.” For three weeks Willie was to make the mistake of calling chiefs “sir.”

The chief opened the door invitingly. Willis Seward Keith stepped out of the sunshine across the threshold. It was done as easily and noiselessly as Alice’s stepping through the looking glass; and like Alice, Willie Keith passed into a new and exceedingly strange world.

At the instant that Mrs. Keith saw Willie swallowed up, she remembered that she had neglected an important transaction. She ran to the entrance of Furnald Hall. The chief stopped her as she laid a hand on the doorknob. “Sorry, madam. No admittance.”

“That was my son who just went in.”

“Sorry, madam.”

“I only want to see him for a moment. I must speak to him. He forgot something.”

“They’re taking physicals in there, madam. There are men walking around with nothing on.”

Mrs. Keith was not used to being argued with. Her tone sharpened. “Don’t be absurd. There he is, just inside the door. I can rap and call him out.”

She could see her son plainly, his back toward her, grouped with several other young men around an officer who was talking to them. The chief glanced dourly through the door. “He seems to be busy.”

Mrs. Keith gave him a look appropriate to fresh doormen. She rapped on the glass of the outer door with her diamond ring and cried, “Willie! Willie!” But her son did not hear her call from the other world.

“Madam,” said the chief, with a note in his rasping voice that was not unkind, “he’s in the Navy now.”

Mrs. Keith suddenly blushed. “I’m sorry.”

“Okay, okay. You’ll see him again soon-maybe Saturday.” The mother opened her purse and began to fish in it. “You see, I promised-the fact is, he forgot to take his spending money. He hasn’t a cent. Would you be kind enough to give these to him?”

“Madam, he won’t need money.” The chief made an uneasy pretense of leafing through the papers he held. “He’ll be getting paid pretty soon.”

“But meantime-suppose he wants some? I promised him. Please take the money- Pardon me, but I’d be happy to give you something for your trouble.”

The chief’s gray eyebrows rose. “That won’t be necessary.” He wagged his head like a dog shaking off flies, and accepted the bills. Up went the eyebrows again. “Madam-this here is a hundred dollars!”

He stared at her. Mrs. Keith was struck with an unfamiliar sensation-shame at being better off than most people. “Well,” she said defensively, “it isn’t every day he goes to fight a war.”

“I’ll take care of it, madam.”

“Thank you,” said Mrs. Keith, and then, vaguely, “I’m sorry.”

“Okay.”

The mother closed with a polite smile, and walked off to her Cadillac. The chief looked after her, then glanced at the two fifties fluttering in his hand. “One thing,” he muttered, “we’re sure as hell getting a new kind of Navy.” He thrust the bills into a pocket.

Meanwhile, Willie Keith, spearhead of the new Navy, advanced to war; which, for the moment, took the form of a glittering array of inoculation needles. Willie was not angry at Hitler nor even at the Japanese, though he disapproved of them. The enemy in this operation lay not before him, but behind. Furnald Hall was sanctuary from the United States Army.

He was jabbed swiftly for several tropical ailments. The bugs thus liberated whirled down his bloodstream. His arm began to ache. He was ordered to strip naked, and his clothes were carried off in a heap by a burly sailor.

“Hey, when do I get those back?”

“Who knows? Looks like a long war,” the sailor growled, and mashed the green hat under his arm. Willie followed with anxious eyes as his old identity was hauled away to camphor balls.

With forty other upright pink animals he was herded into a large examination room. His lungs, liver, heart, eyes, ears, all the apparatus he had been using since birth, were investigated by hard-eyed pharmacist’s mates, who prodded and poked him like suspicious women about to buy a turkey in a market.

“Stand up straight, sir.” The last pharmacist’s mate of the line-up was eying him critically. Willie stiffened. It unnerved him to see, out of the corner of his eye, that the examiner looked very dissatisfied.

“Bend over and touch your toes.”

Willie tried, but years of overeating barred the way. His fingers hung eight inches from his toes. He tried the ancient mode of cheating-

“
Without
bending the knees, please.”

Willie straightened, took a deep breath, and tried to snap himself double. Something gave in his spine with an ugly crack. There were four inches to go.

“You wait.” The pharmacist walked away, and returned with a lieutenant characterized by a black mustache, puffy eyes, and a stethoscope. “Look at that, sir.”

“That” was Willie, erect as he could get.

“Can he touch?”

“Hell, no, sir. Hardly gets past his knees.”

“Well, that’s quite a breadbasket he’s got.”

Willie hauled in his stomach, too late.

“I don’t care about the breadbasket,” said the pharmacist’s mate. “This joker has a hollow back.”

The naked candidates behind Willie on line were fidgeting and murmuring.

“There is a lordosis, no doubt of it.”

“Well, do we survey him out?”

“I don’t know if it’s that serious.”

“Well, I ain’t gonna pass him on my responsibility. You can, sir.”

The doctor picked up Willie’s record. “How about the pulse?”

“I didn’t bother. What’s the point if he’s a lordosis?”

The doctor took Willie’s wrist. His eyes emerged in surprise from the red puffs. “Ye gods, boy-are you sick?”

Willie could feel his blood galloping past the doctor’s fingers. Various tropical bacteria, and above all, the shadow of the United States Army, were pushing up his pulse rate.

“No, just worried.”

“I don’t blame you. How on earth did you get past the receiving station? Did you know the doctor?”

“Sir, I may be chubby, but I play six hours of tennis at a stretch. I climb mountains.”

“There’s no mountains at sea,” said the pharmacist’s mate. “You’re Army meat, my friend.”

“Shut up, Warner,” said the doctor, noticing in the record that Willie was a Princeton man. “Leave pulse and back vacant. Send him down to Captain Grimm at the Navy Yard for a recheck.”

“Aye aye, sir.” The doctor left. Sullenly, the pharmacist’s mate took a red pencil, scrawled on a memo pad, “Lordosis-Pulse,” and clipped the crimson indictment to Willie’s record. “Okay. Report to the exec’s office right after inspection tomorrow, Mister Keith. Best of luck.”

“Same to you,” said Willie. They exchanged a look of pure hate, remarkable on such short acquaintance, and Willie moved off.

The Navy now dressed him in blue jumper and trousers, black shoes, black socks, and a perky sailor hat, marked with the special blue stripe of a midshipman. Then it filled his arms with books, of all shapes, colors, sizes, and degrees of wear. As Willie left the book-issuing room, seeing his way with some difficulty over the pile of prose in his arms, a sailor at the door laid on top a stack of mimeographed sheets which brought the heap level with his eyebrows. Willie craned his neck around the corner of his burden, and sidled crabwise to the elevator-the “HOIST,” said a freshly lettered sign over the push buttons.

When the elevator reached the top floor, only Willie and a skinny horse-faced sailor remained. Willie walked down the hall, scanning the names posted outside each room, and found a door labeled:

ROOMS 1013

KEEFER

KEITH

KEGGS

He went in, and dropped the books on the bare springs of a cot. He heard the twang of springs again directly behind him.

“My name’s Keggs,” said the horse face, poking an arm toward him. Willie shook the hand, which enveloped his in a big moist grip.

“I’m Keith.”

“Well,” said Keggs mournfully, “looks like we’re roommates.”

“This is it,” said Willie.

“I hope,” said Keggs, “that this Keefer doesn’t turn out to be too much of a drip.” He looked at Willie earnestly, then his face maneuvered its length into a slow smile. He picked up
Naval Ordnance
from the pile on his cot. “Well, no time like the present.” He sat on the only chair, put his legs up on the only desk, and opened the book with an unhappy sigh.

“How do you know what to study?” Willie was surprised at such industry.

“Brother, it makes no difference. It’s all going to be too much for me. Might as well start anywhere.”

A heap of books entered the door, walking on stout legs. “Make way, gentlemen, heah Ah come,” spoke a muffled voice. The books fell and bounced all over the remaining cot, unveiling a tall, fat sailor with a cheery flushed face, small crinkling eyes and a very large loose mouth. “Well, fellas, looks like we’re in for a lot of Shinola, don’ it?” he said, in a high, musical Southern cadence. “Ah’m Keefer.”

“I’m Keith.”

“Keggs.”

The fat Southerner shoved a number of his books off the cot to the floor, and stretched himself out on the springs. “Ah had me a farewell party last night,” he groaned, inserting a happy giggle into the groan, “to end all farewell parties. Why do we do it to ourselves, fellas? ’Scuse me.” He rolled his face to the wall.

“You’re not going to
sleep
!” Keggs said. “Suppose they catch you?”

“My boy,” said Keefer drowsily, “Ah am an old military man. Four years at Gaylord Academy. Don’ worry about of Keefer. Punch me if Ah snore.” Willie wanted to ask the old military man how serious lordosis might be in a war career. But as he searched for a delicate way to open the subject, Keefer’s breath grew regular and heavy. Within a minute he was sleeping like a hog in the sun.

“He’ll get bilged, sure,” mourned Keggs, turning the pages of
Naval Ordnance.
“So will I. This book is absolute gibberish to me. What on earth is a cam? What do they mean by an interrupted screw?”

“Search me. What do you mean, ‘bilged’?”

“Don’t you know how they work it? We get three weeks as apprentice seamen. Then the top two thirds of the class become midshipmen. The rest get bilged. Straight to the Army.”