The Bible Unearthed: Archaeology's New Vision of Ancient Isreal and the Origin of Sacred Texts (59 page)

Berquist, J. L. 1995.
Judaism in Persia’s Shadow.
Minneapolis.

Davies, P. R. (editor). 1991.
Second Temple Studies 1. The Persian Period.
Sheffield.

Eskenazi, T. C. and Richards, K. H. (editors). 1994.
Second Temple Studies 2. Temple and Community in the Persian Period.
Sheffield.

Hanson, P. D. 1987. Israelite Religion in the Early Postexilic Period. In: Miller, P. D., Hanson, P. D. and McBride, S. D. (editors).
Ancient Israelite Religion.
Philadelphia: 485–508.

Williamson, H. 1998. Judah and the Jews. In: Brosius, M. and Kuhrt, A. (editors).
Studies in Persian History: Essays in Memory of David M. Lewis.
Leiden: 145–163.

On the material culture of the Persian period in general and the province of Yehud in particular:

Stern, E. 1982.
Material Culture of the Land of the Bible in the Persian Period, 538–332 B.C.
Warminster.

On exilic and post-exilic realities behind the Pentateuchal narratives:

Clines, D. J. A. 1997.
The Theme of the Pentateuch.
Sheffield.

Hoffman, Y. 1998. The Exodus—Tradition and Reality. The Status of the Exodus Tradition in Ancient Israel. In: Shirun-Grumach, I. (editor).
Jerusalem Studies in Egyptology.
Wiesbaden: 193–202.

Van Seters 1975, in the bibliography for
Chapter 1
.

Aaron,
35
,
50

Abdi-Heba, king of Jerusalem,
155
,
238
–39

Abijah,
165

Abijam, king of Judah,
232
,
236

Abraham,
8
,
27
,
28
–30
,
43
,
44

as Amorite,
320
–21

failed search for historical,
33
–36

post-exilic Yehud and story of,
312

war with Mesopotamian kings,
46
n

Absalom,
127

Adad-nirari III, king of Assyria,
205

Adbeel,
41

Adonizedek, king of Jerusalem,
75

Agriculture, in northern kingdom (Israel),
207

Ahab, king of Israel,
140
,
169
,
171
,
172
,
173
,
206
,
210
,
211
,
232

Aharoni, Yohanan,
106
,
250
n,
332
–33
,
334
,
351

Ahaz, king of Judah,
233
–34
,
237
,
240
,
243
,
246
,
270
–71

Ahaziah, king of Israel,
171
,
174

Ahaziah, king of Judah,
232
,
236

Ahijah (prophet),
164
–66
,
170

Ahmose, pharaoh,
56

Ai, city of,
75
,
154

conquest of Canaan and,
82
–83

Josianic “conquest” of,
93

Akhenaten, pharaoh,
77

Akhetaten, city of,
238

Alashiya, kingdom of,
86

Albright, William F.,
19
,
34
,
35
,
79
,
82
–83,
320
–21
,
329
,
333

Alt, Albrecht,
91
,
102
,
192
,
329
–33
,
334
,
349

Altars, open-air.
See
High places Amalekites (people),
99

Amarna tablets (Tell el-Amarna letters),
60
,
155
,
238
,
335

conquest of Canaan and,
77
–78

Amaziah, king of Judah,
233
,
237

Amenhotep III, pharaoh,
77

Ammon, kingdom of,
39

settlement history of,
119

Ammonites,
99
,
127

Amon, king of Judah,
272
,
273

Amorite hypothesis,
319
–21

Amorites (Amurru),
35
,
320

Amos (prophet),
212
–13

Anatolia,
85

Anthropology of ancient Israel,
21
–22

Aphek, city of,
90

Apiru (people),
102
–3
,
104
,
239
,
240
,
335
–36

Aqaba, Gulf of,
143
–44

Arabian trade

caravan,
41
,
267
–70
,
320

Judah and,
267
–68

in
7
th c.
BCE
,
143

Arad, Tel,
64
,
250

Arad, town of,
82

Arad site,
64
,
250

Aram-Damascus, kingdom of,
39
,
193

Jehoshaphat’s war against,
174

northern kingdom and,
174
–75
,
177
–78,
197
,
200
,
201
–5
,
206

Aramean presence in northern kingdom,
201
–5

Arameans,
10
,
39
,
127
,
324

Archaeological periods,
20

Archaeology

composition and historical reliability of Bible and,
14
–21

Egyptian and Mesopotamian monuments and archives,
16
–19

excavations of biblical sites,
19
–21

geographical identifications in,
15
–16
,
17

Ark of the Covenant,
51
–52
,
73
,
124
–25,
126

Asa, king of Judah,
232
,
235
,
236

Ashdod, city of,
89
,
282
,
340
–41

Asher,
98
,
150

Asherah (goddess),
242

Ashkelon, city of,
340
–41

Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria,
265
,
282

Assyrian empire,
10
,
42
–43
,
94

collapse of, Egypt and,
290

decline in
7
th c.
BCE
,
282
–83

destruction of,
292

Hezekiah’s rebellion against,
251
–64
,
271

aftermath of,
264
–67

biblical perspective on,
263
–64

disastrous results of,
259
–63

preparations for,
255
–59

Israel (northern kingdom) and,
198
–99,
200
,
201
,
205
–6
,
207
,
211
,
214
–22

Judah and,
243
,
245
–46
,
250
,
270
–71

Megiddo under,
215
,
216
–17
,
347
–48

Omride dynasty and,
178
–79
,
196
–97

Assyrians,
46
n

Ataroth, town of,
190

Atarus, Khirbet,
190

Athaliah, queen of Judah,
232
–33
,
236

Avaris, city of,
54
,
55
,
56

Avva,
221

Azariah (Uzziah), king of Judah,
233
,
237

Baal,
172
–73

Baana, regional governor,
139

Baasha, king of Israel,
170
,
232

Babylon,
293
–96
,
302
–3
,
305
,
311

Babylonian empire,
10
,
18
,
42
,
290
,
298

conquest of Judah,
292
–95

growth of power in
7
th c.
BCE
,
292
–93

revolt in (
626
BCE
),
282

Babylonian exile,
297
–301
,
305
–6

Balatah, Tell,
154

Barak,
99

Bar-hadad III, king of Aram-Damascus,
203
–5

Bedouin life,
33
,
112
–13

peaceful infiltration theory and,
329
–33

Beeroth, town of,
82

Beersheba valley,
250
,
266
–67

archaeological explorations of,
333

settlement of,
268

Beitin, village of,
80

Beit Mirsim, Tell,
79
–80

Ben-hadad, king(s) of Aram-Damascus,
173
,
176

Beni Hasan tomb painting,
54

Benjamin,
98
,
150

Ben-Tor, Amnon,
81

Bethel,
80
,
82
–83
,
91
,
284

altars at,
44
,
279

during Babylonian period,
307

Josianic expansionism into,
93

repopulation of,
220
–21

temple of,
287
–88

Bethsaida, city of,
205
,
207

Beth-shean, city of,
78
,
161
,
216

Beth-zur,
354

Beyond the River satrapy,
354

Bible.
See
Hebrew Bible Biblical chronology,
vi
,
16
–19

patriarchal narrative and,
34
–35

Biblical minimalists,
128

Bietak, Manfred,
55

Biran, Abraham,
184

Bit hilani,
139
,
140

Bozkath, town of,
93

Bozrah,
40

Broshi, Magen,
243

Buqeah valley,
266

Burial customs, Judahite,
245
–46

Burning bush,
50
,
326

Calah, city of,
42
,
214

Camels, in patriarchal narratives,
37

Canaan,
52

city-states of,
319
–20
,
323
,
335
–36

destruction of,
89
–90
,
118
,
160
–62

Egyptian invasion of (
10
th c.
BCE
),
161
–62

Omride dynasty and,
193
–94

conquest of (between
1230
and
1220
BCE
),
72
–96

absence of Canaanite fortifications and,
77
–78