The Angel (39 page)

Chapter: Cairo, 1944–1970

   
1
.
      
Muhammad Tharwat,
Ashraf Marwan: Fact and Illusion
(Cairo: Madbuli, 2008), pp. 19–20; unknown author, “Al-Souhagh: Birthplace of Ashraf Marwan,” from the website of Mallawi in the Al-Manya Province.

   
2
.
      
Tharwat,
Ashraf Marwan: Fact and Illusion
, pp. 19–20.

   
3
.
      
Anne Alexander,
Nasser
(London: Haus Publishing, 2005), p. 104; Anthony Nutting,
Nasser
(New York: E. P. Dutton, 1972), p. 306.

   
4
.
      
Tahia Gamal Abdel Nasser,
Nasser: My Husband
(Cairo and New York: American University in Cairo Press, 2013), p. 94.

   
5
.
      
Opportunist, “The Bright Side of the Moon,”
Egyptian Chronicles
, June 28, 2007, http://egyptianchronicles.blogspot.com/2007/06/opportunist-well-bright-dark-side-of.html.

   
6
.
      
Tahia Gamal Abdel Nasser,
Nasser: My Husband
, p. 94.

   
7
.
      
Amru al-Laithi interview with Mona Abdel Nasser,
Ahathraq
Egyptian Television, March 10, 2009.

   
8
.
      
Mohamed Fawzi,
Secrets of the Assassination of Ashraf Marwan
(Beirut: Al-Watan Lel Nasher, 2007), p. 18.

   
9
.
      
Kemal Halef al-Tawil, “Ashraf Marwan: The Dilemma Child,”
Al-Akhbar al-Lobnaniya
, February 7, 2007.

 
10
.
      
Mohamed Jam'a,
I Knew Sadat: Half a Century of Secrets About Sadat and the [Muslim] Brotherhood
(Cairo: Al-Maktab al-Masry al-Hadeth, 1999), p. 182.

 
11
.
      
Tahia Gamal Abdel Nasser,
Nasser: My Husband
, p. 93.

 
12
.
      
Amru al-Laithi interview with Mona Abdel Nasser.

 
13
.
      
Nadav Zeevi,
Life of an Agent
(unpublished manuscript in Hebrew). The contradiction between the way Mona's parents accepted Ashraf Marwan and
Hoda's husband is evident in Tahia Nasser's memoirs. She described in detail Hoda's engagement process and marriage (Tahia Gamal Abdel Nasser,
Nasser: My Husband
, pp. 92–93) and summarized in only six lines Mona's marriage to Ashraf (ibid., p. 94).

 
14
.
      
Al-Tawil, “Ashraf Marwan: The Dilemma Child.”

 
15
.
      
Tharwat,
Ashraf Marwan: Fact and Illusion
, pp. 20–21.

 
16
.
      
Assam Abdel Fatah,
The Agent Babel: The Man Who Shocked the Command of the Mossad
(Cairo: Dar el-Katab el-Arabi, 2008), p. 26; Amru el-Laithi interview with Mona Abdel Nasser.

 
17
.
      
Mohammad Zara, “Reliving a Piece of History,”
Egypt Daily News
, September 22, 2006.

 
18
.
      
Selim Nassib,
Umm
(Tel Aviv: Asia, 1999), p. 159.

 
19
.
      
Amru al-Laithi interview with Mona Abdel Nasser.

 
20
.
      
Mohamed Salmawy,
Al-Ahram Weekly
, July 5–11, 2007.

 
21
.
      
Said K. Aburish,
Nasser: The Last Arab
(New York: Thomas Dunn, 2004), p. 234.

 
22
.
      
Tharwat,
Ashraf Marwan: Fact and Illusion
, pp. 20–23.

 
23
.
      
Opportunist, “The Bright Side of the Moon,”
Egyptian Chronicles
(see n. 5 above).

 
24
.
      
Al-Tawil, “Ashraf Marwan: The Dilemma Child.”

 
25
.
      
Nutting,
Nasser
, p. 306.

 
26
.
      
Gamal Nkrumah, “Sami Sharaf: Shadows of the Revolution,”
Al-Ahram Weekly Online
, August 9–15, 2001, http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2001/546/profile.htm; Nutting,
Nasser
, pp. 306–8.

 
27
.
      
Assam Abdel Fatah,
Who Killed Ashraf Marwan?: The File of Agent Babel
(Cairo: El-Eiman, 2007), p. 14; Musa Sabri,
Sadat: The Truth and the Legend
(Cairo: Al-Maktab al-Masry al-Hadeth, 1985), p. 651.

 
28
.
      
Abdel Majid Farid interview with the Egyptian television program
Ahatraq
, broadcast November–December 2008.

 
29
.
      
Fatah,
Agent Babel
, pp. 15–18.

 
30
.
      
Panayiotis J. Vatikiotis,
The Modern History of Egypt
(New York: Praeger, 1969), p. 432.

 
31
.
      
Souad al-Sabah,
Falcon of the Gulf: Abdullah Mubarak al-Sabah
(Kuwait: Kadhma, 1995), pp. 259–68.

 
32
.
      
Ibid., pp. 263–64.

 
33
.
      
Al-Tawil, “Ashraf Marwan.”

 
34
.
      
Zeevi,
Life of an Agent
.

 
35
.
      
Saad el-Shazly,
The Crossing of the Suez: Revised Edition
(San Francisco: American Mideast Research, 2003), pp. 184–85.

 
36
.
      
Scott Shane, “A Spy's Motivation: For Love of Another Country,”
New York Times
, April 20, 2008; Yuri Modin,
My Five Cambridge Friends: Burgess, Mac
lean, Philby, Blunt, and Cairncross
(New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1994); Victor Cherkashin and Gregory Feiger,
Spy Handler: Memoirs of a KGB Officer: The True Story of the Man Who Recruited Robert Hanssen and Aldrich Ames
(New York: Basic Books, 2005); David Wise,
Nightmover: How Aldrich Ames Sold the CIA to the KGB for $4.6 Million
(New York: HarperCollins, 1995); Jerrold L. Schecter and Peter S. Deriabin,
The Spy Who Saved the World: How a Soviet
Colonel Changed the Course of the Cold War
(New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1992); Dusko Doder, “Of Moles and Men,”
Nation
, February 18, 2002, pp. 25–32.

Chapter 2: London, 1970

   
1
.
      
Unless noted otherwise, this chapter is based on interviews with Zvi Zamir, Meir Meir, Nahik Navot, Freddy Eini, Amos Gilboa, and other sources who requested anonymity, as well as: Zvi Zamir and Efrat Mass,
With Open Eyes
(Or Yehuda: Zmora-Bitan, 2011), pp. 129–64.

   
2
.
      
Tom Mangold,
Cold Warrior: James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter
(New York: Touchstone Books, 1992), pp. 183–226.

   
3
.
      
Meron Medzini,
Golda: A Political Biography
(Tel Aviv: Yedioth Ahronot, 2008), p. 511.

   
4
.
      
Thomas Harris,
Garbo: The Spy Who Saved D-Day
(Richmond, VA: Public Record Office, 2000); Stephan Talty,
Agent Garbo: The Brilliant, Eccentric Secret Agent Who Tricked Hitler and Saved D-Day
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2012).

   
5
.
      
John le Carré,
The Secret Pilgrim
(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1990), p. 9.

Chapter 3: April 1971

      
      
This chapter is based on interviews with Zvi Zamir, Meir Meir, Nahik Navot, Freddy Eini, Amos Gilboa, and other sources who requested anonymity.

Chapter 4: May 1971

   
1
.
      
Anwar el-Sadat,
In Search of Identity: An Autobiography
(New York: HarperCollins, 1978), p. 139.

   
2
.
      
Said K. Aburish,
Nasser: The Last Arab,
pp. 242, 286; Tahia Gamal Abdel Nasser,
Nasser: My Husband
, pp. 103–17.

   
3
.
      
Arieh Shalev, “Intelligence Estimates in Advance of the War,” in
National Trauma: The Yom Kippur War After Thirty Years and Another War
, ed. Moshe Shemesh and Ze'ev Drori (Sdeh Boker: Ben-Gurion University Press, 2008), pp. 125–83, 106;
Arieh Shalev,
Failure and Success in the Warning: Intelligence Assessments on the Eve of the Yom Kippur War
(Tel Aviv: Maarachot, 2006), p. 167.

   
4
.
      
Sources for this exchange: Shimon Shamir,
Egypt Under Sadat's Leadership: The Search for a New Orientation
(Tel Aviv: Dvir, 1978); Vatikiotis,
Modern History of Egypt
, n. 28 of ch. 1; Sadat,
In Search of Identity
; Jehan Sadat,
A Woman of Egypt
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 2002); interview with Prof. Shimon Shamir at Tel Aviv University, December 31, 2009; Nutting,
Nasser
; Kirk J. Beattie,
Egypt During the Sadat Years
(New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 1980); “The Underrated Heir,”
Time
, May 17, 1971; “A Preemptive Purge in Cairo,”
Time
, May 24, 1971.

   
5
.
      
Sadat,
In Search of Identity
, p. 170.

   
6
.
      
Beattie,
Egypt During the Sadat Years
, p. 291.

   
7
.
      
Fatah,
Who Killed Ashraf Marwan?,
p. 21. Fatah's source is Salah al-Shahed, a senior officer in the President's Office who had gone to school with Sadat; Tharwat,
Ashraf Marwan: Fact and Illusion
, n. 1 in ch. 1, p. 184. Tharwat relies, among others, on: Mahmud Jamaa,
I Knew Sadat: Fifty Years of Secrets About Sadat and the Muslim Brotherhood
(Cairo: al Maktab al Misri, 1999).

   
8
.
      
Fatah,
Who Killed Ashraf Marwan?,
n. 14 of ch. 1, p. 21.

   
9
.
      
Owen L. Sirrs,
A History of the Egyptian Intelligence Service: A History of the Mukhabarat, 1910–2009
(New York: Routledge, 2010), p. 120.

 
10
.
      
Joseph J. Trento,
Prelude to Terror: The Rogue CIA and the Legacy of America's Private Intelligence Network
(New York: Carroll & Graf, 2005), pp. 261–62.

 
11
.
      
Fatah,
Who Killed Ashraf Marwan?,
n. 14 of ch. 1, p. 23.

 
12
.
      
Tharwat,
Ashraf Marwan: Fact and Illusion
, n. 1 of ch. 1, p. 184.

 
13
.
      
Zamir and Mass,
With Open Eyes
, p. 135.

 
14
.
      
“Sadat in the Saddle,”
Time
, May 31, 1971.

 
15
.
      
Tharwat,
Ashraf Marwan: Fact and Illusion
, n. 8 of ch. 1.

Chapter 5: The Dream of Every Spy Agency on Earth

   
1
.
      
Interview with Meir Meir.

   
2
.
      
This affair served as the basis for Michael Frayn's play
Democracy
, which premiered at Britain's Royal National Theatre in September 2003.

   
3
.
      
Interview with Yonah Bandman.

   
4
.
      
Interview with Meir Meir.

   
5
.
      
Interviews with Meir Meir, Yonah Bandman, and Yaakov Rosenfeld, who in 1971 served as an MI expert on the Egyptian army.

   
6
.
      
Gad Yaacobi,
By a Hair's Breadth: How an Agreement Between Israel and Egypt Was Missed, and the Yom Kippur War Was Not Prevented
(Tel Aviv: Edanim, 1989), p. 157.

   
7
.
      
Interview with Yaakov Rosenfeld.

   
8
.
      
Yaacobi,
By a Hair's Breadth
, p. 157.

   
9
.
      
Interviews with Freddy Eini and Zvi Zamir.

  
10
.
      
Shalev,
Failure and Success in the Warning
, n. 3 of ch. 4, p. 63.