Target Tokyo: Jimmy Doolittle and the Raid That Avenged Pearl Harbor (93 page)

247
 “I was in all one ‘scared piece’”: Richard Cole, undated questionnaire.

247
 Leonard landed: Paul J. Leonard, Personal Report, undated (ca. May 1942).

247
 Potter likewise landed: Potter oral history interview with Hasdorff, June 8–10, 1979; Henry Potter, Personal Report, May 5, 1942.

248
 “Couldn’t see”: Fred A Braemer, Personal Report, May 5, 1942.

248
 Dean Hallmark roared: Unless otherwise noted, details of Hallmark’s arrival in China are drawn from the following sources: Chase J. Nielsen testimony in the case of
United States of America vs. Shigeru Sawada et al.
; Nielsen, “Doolittle Fliers’ Saga of Living Death: First Day Was Bad,” p. 3; Chase Nielsen oral history interview with Winston P. Erickson, July 11, 2000, Marriott Library, Special Collections Department, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Nielsen oral history interview with Randle, Feb. 22, 2005; Glines,
The Doolittle Raid
, pp. 100–103.

248
 “Three minutes”: Chase Nielsen oral history interview with Rick Randle, Feb. 22, 2005.

248
 “No”: Nielsen oral history interview with Erickson, July 11, 2000.

248
 “Prepare for crashing landing”: Nielsen, “Doolittle Fliers’ Saga of Living Death: First Day Was Bad,” p. 3.

248
 “Well”: Ibid.

248
 “All went black”: Chase Nielsen undated manuscript, in Glines,
The Doolittle Raid
, p. 101.

249
 “The gunner was crawling”: Nielsen oral history interview with Erickson, July 11, 2000.

249
 “I thought about”: Chase Nielsen undated manuscript, in Glines,
The Doolittle Raid
, p. 102.

249
 “I figured”: Nielsen oral history interview with Erickson, July 11, 2000.

250
 “I crawled until”: Nielsen, “Doolittle Fliers’ Saga of Living Death: First Day Was Bad,” p. 3.

250
 The
Ruptured Duck
closed: Unless otherwise noted, details of Lawson’s arrival in China are drawn from the following sources: Lawson,
Thirty Seconds over Tokyo
, pp. 66–87; McClure as told to Shinnick, “How We Bombed Tokio: Hit, Run, Crash in Sea!,” p. 4; Charles L. McClure as told to William Shinnick, “How We Bombed Tokio: Chinese Rescue Flyers!,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, May 1, 1943, p. 5; Charles L. McClure, tape transcription, Dec. 1987; David J. Thatcher, Personal Report, May 15, 1942; David J. Thatcher, Personal Report (Continued), May 18, 1942; David Thatcher interview with author, Aug. 27, 2011; David Thatcher oral history memoir, Aug. 10, 1999, National Museum of the Pacific War, Fredericksburg, Tex.; McClure to Greening, Individual Histories questionnaire, undated (ca. 1950).

250
 “I think we ought to go”: Lawson,
Thirty Seconds over Tokyo
, p. 68.

250
 “I don’t think”: Ibid.

250
 “It was by all means”: Ibid., p. 69.

251
 “We’re crashing”: McClure as told to Shinnick, “How We Bombed Tokio: Hit, Run, Crash in Sea!,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, April 30, 1943, p. 4.

251
 “I’m dead”: Lawson,
Thirty Seconds over Tokyo
, p. 71.

251
 “The bottom lip”: Ibid., p. 73.

252
 “Good God!”: This exchange is ibid.

252
 “I must go up”: McClure as told to Shinnick, “How We Bombed Tokio: Hit, Run, Crash in Sea!,” p. 4.

252
 “I reached out”: McClure as told to Shinnick, “How We Bombed Tokio: Chinese Rescue Flyers!,” p. 5.

252
 “Help me in”: This exchange is ibid.

252
 “Come on, you son”: Charles L. McClure, tape transcription, Dec. 1987.

252
 “He called me fighting names”: McClure as told to Shinnick, “How We Bombed Tokio: Chinese Rescue Flyers!,” p. 5.

252
 “Should I shoot ’em?”: This exchange comes from Charles L. McClure, tape transcription, Dec. 1987.

253
 “Chinga”: Lawson,
Thirty Seconds over Tokyo
, p. 76.

253
 “Under other circumstances”: McClure as told to Shinnick, “How We Bombed Tokio: Chinese Rescue Flyers!,” p. 5.

253
 “The top of his head”: David J. Thatcher, Personal Report (Continued), May 18, 1942.

254
 “If he’d only had”: Ibid.

254
 “My shoulder pains”: McClure as told to Shinnick, “How We Bombed Tokio: Chinese Rescue Flyers!,” p. 5.

254
 “I felt that my body”: Ibid.

254
 “Hospital—soon”: Ibid.

255
 “I had no idea”: Lawson,
Thirty Seconds over Tokyo
, p. 78.

255
 “No”: “For Public Relations Branch: When, As, and If War Department Thinks Proper,” June 12, 1942, included with Cooper, “The Doolittle Air Raid on Japan,” June 22, 1942.

255
 “Me—Charlie”: This exchange comes from Lawson,
Thirty Seconds over Tokyo
, pp. 80–81.

256
 “The nose was just”: David J. Thatcher, Personal Report, May 15, 1942.

256
 “It was only”: David J. Thatcher, Personal Report (Continued), May 18, 1942.

CHAPTER 15

257
 “We must always give”: Billy Farrow to Jessie Farrow, undated, in Jessie Farrow to James Doolittle, May 24, 1942, Box 22, DPLOC.

257
 Ski York’s bomber closed: Unless otherwise noted, details of York’s arrival in Russia are drawn from the following sources: Emmens,
Guests of the Kremlin
, pp. 13–32; Emmens oral history interview with Hasdorff, July 8–9, 1982; York oral history interview with Hasdorff, July 23, 1984; “Interview with B-25 Crew That Bombed Tokyo and Was Interned by the Russians,” transcript, June 3, 1943; Pohl as told to Dwiggins, “We Crash Landed in Russia—and Escaped,” p. 55.

257
 “What do you think”: This exchange comes from Emmens,
Guests of the Kremlin
, p. 14.

257
 “Lord”: Ibid., p. 15.

258
 “You can’t fly around”: Ibid., p. 16.

258
 “For Christ’s sake”: Ibid., p. 17.

258
 “Now, at last”: Ibid.

258
 “Leave fifteen degrees”: Ibid.

258
 “You guys stay”: This exchange is ibid., p. 19.

259
 “Americansky”: Ibid., p. 20.

259
 “Good-will flight”: Emmens oral history interview with Hasdorff, July 8–9, 1982.

259
 “This guy’s no dummy”: Emmens,
Guests of the Kremlin
, p. 25.

259
 “Not sneeringly”: Ibid., p. 26.

259
 “I guess that guy wasn’t fooled”: Ibid.

260
 “Colonel, we would like”: This exchange is ibid., p. 27.

260
 “It was like the Three Bears”: Emmens oral history interview with Hasdorff, July 8–9, 1982.

260
 “A Russian always begins”: Emmens,
Guests of the Kremlin
, p. 29.

260
 “someone had drawn”: Ibid.

260
 “I think we should”: Ibid., p. 30.

260
 “In behalf of my government”: Ibid., p. 31.

260
 “When we went to bed”: “Interview with B-25 Crew That Bombed Tokyo and Was Interned by the Russians,” transcript, June 3, 1943.

261
 “I thought about home”: Emmens,
Guests of the Kremlin
, p. 32.

261
 Pilot Donald Smith: Unless otherwise noted, details of Smith’s arrival in China are drawn from the following sources: Donald G. Smith, Mission Report of Doolittle Project on April 18, 1942, May 14, 1942; Donald G. Smith, Personal Report, May 14, 1942; D. G. Smith, “Pilots Report on Water Landing of B-25-B,” May 15, 1942; Griffith P. Williams, Personal Report, undated (ca. May 1942); Griffith P. Williams, Co-Pilot’s Report on Water Landing of B-25, May 18, 1942; Howard A. Sessler, Personal Report, May 14, 1942; H. A. Sessler, Addition to Report of Lt. H. A. Sessler (Bombing–Water Landing), May 18, 1942; Edward J. Saylor, Personal Report, May 15, 1942; E. J. Saylor, Notes on a Water Landing in a B 25 B, undated (ca. May 1942); Thomas White diary, April 18, 1942, in White, “The
Hornet
Stings Japan,” pp. 41–42; Thomas White, “Memoirs of ‘Doc’ White,” pp. 11–14; Edward Saylor, “Doolittle Tokyo Raid,” Jan. 14, 1989; “For Public Relations Branch: When, As, and If War Department Thinks Proper,” June 12, 1942.

261
 “Brace yourselves”: Thomas White, “Memoirs of ‘Doc’ White,” p. 12.

262
 “The sea was so rough”: Edward Saylor, “Doolittle Tokyo Raid,” Jan. 14, 1989.

263
 “Turned over three times”: Thomas White diary, April 18, 1942, in White, “The
Hornet
Stings Japan,” p. 42.

263
 “Current nearly swept”: Ibid.

263
 “There was a cold”: Thomas White, “Memoirs of ‘Doc’ White,” p. 13.

263
 “We had one waterlogged”: Ibid.

263
 “We decided to curl up”: Ibid.

263
 “We warmed our chilled”: Ibid.

264
 “For most of these people”: Ibid.

264
 “We told them”: Ibid., p. 14.

264
 “No springs”: Ibid.

264
 The sixteenth bomber roared: Unless otherwise noted, details of Farrow’s arrival in China are drawn from the following sources: Watson,
DeShazer
, pp. 31–35; DeShazer oral history interview with Hasdorff, Oct. 10, 1989; Hite oral history interview with Hasdorff, Dec. 16–17, 1982; George Barr testimony in the case of
United States of America vs. Shigeru Sawada et al.
; George Barr, “Destination: Forty Months of Hell,” in Glines,
Doolittle’s Tokyo Raiders
, pp. 305–12; Jim Arpy, “You are to Bomb the Japanese Homeland,”
Sunday Times-Democrat
, April 12, 1964, p. 1D.

265
 “The weather was bad”: George Barr testimony in the case of
United States of America vs. Shigeru Sawada et al.

265
 “We’re out of gas”: This exchange comes from DeShazer oral history interview with Hasdorff, Oct. 10, 1989.

265
 “That’s Nanchang”: Carroll V. Glines,
Four Came Home
(Princeton, N.J.: D. Van Nostrand, 1966), p. 66.

265
 “Jake, you’re first”: DeShazer oral history interview with Hasdorff, Oct. 10, 1989.

265
 “Boy”: Ibid.

266
 “I’ll go towards the west”: Ibid.

266
 “As soon as I went through”: Arpy, “You are to Bomb the Japanese Homeland,” p. 1D.

266
 “My heart stood still”: Barr, “Destination,” p. 310.

266
 “I was still hoping”: Ibid., pp. 311–12.

267
 “I was standing there”: Hite oral history interview with Hasdorff, Dec. 16–17, 1982.

267
 “I could see inside”: Watson,
DeShazer
, p. 33.

267
 “China?”: This exchange comes from DeShazer oral history interview with Hasdorff, Oct. 10, 1989.

268
 “Their guns were all”: Ibid.

268
 “How did you get here?”: This exchange is ibid.

268
 “You’re in the hands”: Ibid.

268
 “Aren’t you afraid?”: Watson,
DeShazer
, p. 35.

268
 “I had a pocketful”: Hite oral history interview with Hasdorff, Dec. 16–17, 1982.

269
 “Well”: Ibid.

269
 Private First Class Tatsuo Kumano: Tatsuo Kumano testimony in the case of
United States of America vs. Shigeru Sawada et al.

269
 “I am not saying anything”: Ibid.

269
 “I am under oath”: Ibid.

CHAPTER 16

270
 “When we hit”: Wing, “Five Who Bombed Tokio Surprised They’re Heroes,” p. 1.

270
 Doolittle had suffered: Unless otherwise noted, details of Doolittle and his crew’s escape through China are drawn from the following sources: Doolittle,
I Could Never Be So Lucky Again
, pp. 11–13, 275–79; Reynolds,
The Amazing Mr. Doolittle
, pp. 209–14; James H. Doolittle, Personal Report, May 4, 1942; Richard E. Cole, Personal Report, May 5, 1942; Henry A. Potter, Report of Navigator, May 5, 1942; Fred A. Braemer, Personal Report, May 5, 1942; Paul J. Leonard, Personal Report, undated (ca. May 1942).

270
 Shorty Manch seized: Jacob E. Manch, “The Last Flight of ‘Whiskey Pete,’” in Glines,
Doolittle’s Tokyo Raiders
, p. 158.

271
 “It was the blackest hole”: William Steponkus, “A Raider Recalls ‘Blackest Hole,’”
Journal Herald
, in Box 3, Series II, DTRAP.

271
 Eight of the bombers: S. L. A. Marshall, “Tokyo Raid,” undated (ca. 1944), pp. 64–65.

271
 The forced bailout: John M. Birch, Report on Death and Burial of Corporal Leland D. Faktor, United States Army Air Corps, included with Cooper, “The Doolittle Air Raid on Japan,” June 22, 1942.

271
 The jump and subsequent: Harold F. Watson, Mission Report of Doolittle Project on April 18, 1942, May 14, 1942; T. R. White to Air Surgeon, “Report of Activities Covering the Period from March 1, 1942, to June 16, 1942,” June 23, 1942.

271
 Navigator Charles Ozuk: Charles J. Ozuk Jr., Personal Report, May 15, 1942.

271
 Shorty Manch realized: Greening, “The First Joint Action,” p. 51.

271
 Other airmen: Eldred V. Scott, Personal Report, May 15, 1942.

271
 “I lit a cigarette”: Waldo J. Bither, Personal Report, undated (ca. May 1942).

271
 “I had landed in the China”: John Hilger diary, April 19, 1942, in Hilger, “On the Raid,” p. 98.

272
 “I had the idea”: Kerry Gunnels, “Austinite Recalls Role in Doolittle Raid of ’42,”
American-Statesman
, April 18, 1983, in Box 5, Series, II, DTRAP.

272
 “I’ll lead you”: Reynolds,
The Amazing Mr. Doolittle
, p. 211.

272
 “They say they heard”: Doolittle,
I Could Never Be So Lucky Again
, p. 11.

272
 “The major smiled”: Ibid.

273
 “He showed me a picture”: Cole oral history interview with Hasdorff, Dec. 12–13, 1988.