Sexual Ethics in Islam (40 page)

Ahmed, Sheikh Omar 97–8, 101, 102, 103,

110

Aishah 135–50, 156, 188–92

ahl al-kitab
13, 163, 164, 172 Allah
see
God

Alalwani, Taha Jabir 17–19 Algosaibi, Ghazi 47–8, 51

Algar, Hamid 168

‘Ali b. Abi Talib xxvii–xxviii, 27 Anderson, JND 192

An-Na’im, Abdullahi 38

Antoun, Richard 160, 161

Archard, David 171, 188

authoritarianism 23, 24, 98, 103, 165, 180

Ayubi, Zahra x, 160, 166

Azam, Hina 169, 177

Aziz, Zahid 189, 190

‘azl
(withdrawal) 7–8, 48

Badawi, Jamal 19, 106, 107, 108, 182, 184

Bailey, Sherwin xi, xviii, 160 Barakat, ‘Umar 15, 103, 107–8 Barazangi, Nimat Hafez 184

Barlas, Asma 116, 128, 132, 181, 183–7

Bayman, Henry 46

Beeston, AFL 177

Berkey, Jonathan 102, 163, 180–2

Boudhiba, Abdelwahab 85 Bowen, Donna Lee 162 Boyarin, Daniel 162, 183, 187

Brockopp, Jonathan xxi, 159, 169

Brooks, Geraldine 162, 180 Brooten, Bernadette J ix, 177 Brundage, James 163 Bukhari
see Sahih Bukhari

Calderini, Simonetta 183 Caner, Emir Fethi 187 Caner, Ergun Mehmet 187 Carstensen, Laura L 158 chastity 60–6

Cilardo, Agostino 179 circumcision

female 97–111

male 101, 104–5, 108, 181, 182

coitus interruptus
see ‘azl

Collins, Robert 168, 169

concubinage xvi–xvii, xxv, xxvi, 39–55, 57,

58, 61–2, 67, 74, 92, 96, 160, 163

214 index

consummation 5, 22, 137, 140, 141, 143,

144, 161, 173, 175, 188, 189, 190

contraception 51

see also ‘azl

cooke, miriam x, 180 Cook, Michael 174

Coontz, Stephanie 192

Cooperman, Alan 187, 188

Coulson, Noel 166, 174

Council on American-Islamic Relations 136, 188

Curtis, Edward E IV 192

Davies, Eryl 172

Davis, David Brion 168, 169

DeLong-Bas, Natana 167, 185

al-Dhahabi 75–7, 175

Dialmy, Abdessamad 171

Diederich, Mathias 168

divorce 24–38

judicial 27

triple 24, 26 Doggett, Maeve E 163

Doi, Abdul Rahman xv–xvi

“don’t ask, don’t tell” xxiii, 69, 73, 75–96

Dover, KJ 172, 177

dower 1, 2, 3–5, 9, 12, 13, 22, 27, 28, 34, 35,

36, 37, 43, 59, 64, 65, 74, 80, 95, 118,

151, 161, 167

Dunne, Bruce 175

Dupret, Baudouin 179

Duran, Khalid 79

Egypt 29, 34, 41, 58, 68, 70, 100, 109, 181

Eid, Talal 167

Engineer, Asghar Ali 123–5, 185, 186

Esack, Farid x, 123, 125, 126, 160, 183,

185, 186

Esposito, John 124

Europe 18, 22, 72, 85, 92, 168, 188, 189

European Council for Fatwa 19, 165 excision
see
female circumcision exegesis 54, 60, 82, 84, 90, 97, 113, 121,

122, 123, 129, 132, 133, 161, 165, 185

Fadel, Mohammed 160

Falwell, Jerry 187

Faruki, Kemal 159

Faruqi, Harith Suleiman 182 Al-Faruqi, Maysam 184

fatwa xiv, 18, 29–30

female circumcision 97–111

fitna
9

fornication 26, 46, 172

see also zina

Friedmann, Yohanan 161, 164, 165, 170 Fyzee, Asaf AA 165

gay Muslims 79, 81, 84, 86, 89, 92, 175,

176, 178

see also
homosexuality; lesbians Geissinger, Aisha 186

al-Ghazali xxvi, 1, 7, 10, 12, 102, 161, 163,

181

ghusl
4

see also
ablutions

God 11, 14, 20, 24, 30, 41, 53–5, 60, 86–8,

90, 115–16, 118–20, 127–9, 149–52,

170, 192

Gollaher, David 180, 181, 182

Gordis, Robert 178

Gramick, Jeannine 178

hadd
59, 62, 63, 65, 66, 74, 77, 172, 174

hadith 7, 11, 49, 64, 99

see also Sahih Bukhari; Sahih Muslim
; al-Tirmidhi; etc.

Hallaq, Wael 160

Halperin, David 132–3, 177, 178, 187

Hanafi school 12, 13, 14, 16, 24, 27, 32, 33,

39, 92, 108, 161, 163, 167, 171

Hanbali school 108

al-Haq, Gad 102, 110–11

Harrison, Frances 179

Hasan, Zeeshan 170

Haskafi, Muhammad ‘Ala al-Din 39, 41,

167, 171, 179

Helem-Lebanon 176

hermaphrodite 92, 93, 94, 175, 179

Al-Hibri, Azizah 162, 163, 170, 184

Hidayatullah, Aysha x, 160, 162, 168, 176,

178

homosexuality 75–96, 162, 175, 176, 177,

178, 179, 187

see also
gay Muslims; lesbians; same-sex marriage

Hoodfar, Homa 161

Hourani, George 159

Hoyland, Robert 182

Hussaini, Mohammad Mazhar 159 Ibn ‘Abidin 161

index 215

Ibn Abi Shayba 166

Ibn Abi Sulayman, Hammad 19 Ibn Baz 52

Ibn Hajar 76, 77

Ibn Hanbal 32, 33, 173, 188, 190

Ibn Jibreen 9–10

Ibn Kathir 168

Ibn Naqib al-Misri 103, 107

Ibn Rushd 15

Ibn Taymiyya 26 illicit sex
see zina

Imam, Ayesha M 189, 190, 191

impotence 12, 13, 64

India 24, 29, 34, 148, 158, 165, 180

Indonesia 100

intermarriage 1–3, 13–23

Internet 14, 138, 139, 142, 176

Islamic law

on marriage 61, 62, 64, 68, 71, 72, 160,

161, 162

and modern statutory law 24–38 on slavery 42, 43

in the United States 1–23, 25, 35, 36, 37,

70, 87, 99, 135, 152, 153, 155, 160, 182

ISNA (Islamic Society of North America) 17, 189

Jackson, Sherman A 159 al-Jahiz 84, 177 Jakobsen, Janet R 178

Jamaat-e-Islami 144, 146, 190

Jamal, Amreen 82, 176

Jennings, Ronald 167

Jones, Jim 187, 188

kaba’ir
(enormities) 75–6

Kahf, Mohja 160, 174 Kamal, Abdul Aziz 173 Karim, Jamillah x Kassamali, Noor 99–100

Kassis, Hannah 186

Kazee Khan
see
Qadi Khan

Keller, Nuh 51, 52, 75, 76, 84–5, 107, 108,

162, 170, 174, 175, 177, 180, 182

Khadduri, Majid 160, 161, 170, 171

Khalifa, Rashad 139

Khan, Sir Sayyid Ahmad 43 al-Khudri, Abu Sa‘id 50

khul‘
27, 34–5, 36, 161, 166, 167

Kugle, Scott x, 79, 82, 83, 84, 160, 162, 176,

177, 178, 179

lesbianism 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 86, 87,

89, 175, 176, 178, 179

see also
gay Muslims; homosexuality; tribadism

Lewis, Bernard 168, 169

Lewis, CS 192

li‘an
25, 64, 69

Little, Cindy 180

liwat
75, 76, 77, 81

Lovejoy, Paul 168

Lutfi, Huda 159, 162, 163

McBride, James 182

Mack, Beverly 168

McLoughlin, Patrick 180

Maghen, Ze’ev 154, 162, 177, 186, 192

Mahmood, Saba 180
mahr see
dower Malaysia 24, 100

male circumcision 101, 104–5, 108, 181,

182

Malik ibn Anas 170 Malik, Iftikhar 161

Maliki school 19, 27, 63, 159, 160, 164,

169, 181

Malti-Douglas, Fedwa 163, 176

al-Marghinani 14, 164

Mariyya al-Qibtiyya (Maria the Copt) 46, 137

see also umm walad

Marlow, Louise 164, 184

marriage 1–23

same-sex 91–5 temporary
see mut‘a

age 57, 58 136–48, 171, 173, 188–91

contracts 12, 22, 25, 27, 28, 36, 166, 171

Mashhour, Amira 161, 167, 170

Mattson, Ingrid 40, 168, 169

Mauritania 42

Meacham, Tirzah 190

Mernissi, Fatima 54, 121, 170, 185

Miers, Suzanne 168

milk
(dominion, ownership) 5, 25, 35, 36,

40, 42, 53

Miller, Joseph C 169

Minaret of Freedom 106, 110

Mir-Hosseini, Ziba 161, 162

Moghissi, Haideh 158, 162

Moin, Mumtaz 141, 142

Moore, Matthew 181

Moors, Annelies 161

216 index

Moosa, Ebrahim x, 69, 162, 174, 191

Morocco 161, 168, 171, 185

Motzki, Harald 190 Mubashshir Majeed, Debra 177

Muhammad (the Prophet)
see
Prophet Muhammad

Murad, Abdal-Hakim xxii, 87–8, 94

Murata, Sachiko 178

Murray, Stephen 85

Musallam, Basim 162, 169–70

Music, Rusmir x, 93, 179

Muslim [b. al-Hajjaj]
see Sahih Muslim

Muslim Canadian Congress 86

Muslim Women’s League 86, 87, 88, 104,

178, 182

Mutahari, Murtadha 171

mut‘a
(temporary marriage) 58, 61

al-Muzani 161

Nadvi, Syed Suleman 140, 142

nafaqa see
support

Nafi, Basheer xxiii, 23, 160

Najmabadi, Afsaneh 179

al-Nakha’i, Ibrahim 19

al-Nasa’i 187, 188

Nasr, Muhammad Musa 185 Nazer, Mende 42, 168

Niazi, Kausar 158, 185

nikah
92, 141

see
also marriage

Nomani, Asra Q 56, 57, 70–1

nushuz
76, 118, 120–2

Nussbaum, Martha 177

obedience 119–20

orgasm 7

see also
sexual satisfaction Ormsby, Eric 170

Pakistan 34

paternity 46, 66–72

Pellegrini, Ann 178

People of the Book
see ahl al-kitab

Petry, Carl F 190

Plaskow, Judith xviii, 18, 159, 187, 192

polygamy/polygyny xv, xvi, 53, 58, 156, 170

Prophet Muhammad 135–50

on celibacy 6

concubines 39–40, 46–7

on divorce 24

as husband 39, 40, 60

on sex with war captives 47–51

sunnah
xxi, 6, 47, 50, 57, 125, 147, 152

wives 39, 46–7, 60, 67, 135–50

see also
hadith puberty 58, 70, 143, 144

qadhf
62, 76

Qadi Khan 24, 29, 30–2, 37

Qaisi, Ghada 161

Al-Qaradawi, Yusuf 159

Qur’an xx, xxi, 5, 7, 13, 14, 17, 21, 25, 27,

40, 62, 63, 75, 83, 90, 103, 112–34,

151–3, 156, 159, 165, 166, 170, 171,

181, 183, 184, 185, 186

circumcision 103–4

concubinage 40

homosexuality 81–2

illicit sex 56

intermarriage 19–20

slavery 44, 45, 53–5

Rafi‘ b. Khadij 121

Rahman, Fazlur 52, 122, 159, 170, 192

Ramadan, Tariq 74

al-Ramli, Khayr al-Din 31 rape 12, 30, 51, 57, 66, 92

Rapoport, Yossef 28–9

Reeves, Minou 188

Reinhart, Kevin x, xxiv, 24, 111, 159, 160

Rispler-Chaim, Vardit 185 Rizvi, Syed Aminul Hasan 172 Roald, Anne Sofie 181, 182

Roded, Ruth 192

Rompies, Karuni 181

Rosenthal, Franz 177

Al-Rouhayeb, Khaled 80

Rowson, Everett 175, 176, 177

Rubin, Uri 173

Ruxton, FX xix, 19, 159, 181

el-Saadawi, Nawal 104

Sabbah, Fatna 162

Sachedina, Zulie 169, 187

Sachs, Susan 187

sadaq see
dower

Al-Sadlaan, Saalih ibn Ghaanim 163 Saed, Khaleda 178

Safi, Omid x, 167, 180

Sahih Bukhari
10–11, 50–1, 64, 105, 135,

137, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 146, 147,

156, 163, 166, 172, 173, 187

index 217

Sahih Muslim
xxv, 10–11, 51, 60, 64, 105,

139, 143, 146

Salafis xx, xxiii Salecl, Renata 180

same-sex marriage 18, 91–5

Sanders, Paula 93

Sanneh, Lamin 174

Saudi Arabia 42, 52, 96

Schmidtke, Sabine 162

Schmitt, Arno 179

Schoeler, Gregor 189

sexual availability 2, 6, 11, 13, 15, 95

sexual satisfaction 6–13, 79, 104, 181

al-Shafi‘i xvi, 4, 41, 158, 160, 161, 173,

188

Shafi‘i school 15, 51, 75, 97, 100, 162

Shaham, Ron 166

Shaikh, Sa’diyya 8

Shanavas, TO 139 Shanely, Mary Lyndon 158
shari‘a
law 21, 37, 38

see also
Islamic law Sharif-Clark, Asia 161

Al-Sheha, ‘Abdul Rahman 158, 160, 162,

163, 167, 183

Shi‘a 2, 16, 26, 42, 47, 58, 61, 102, 181

al-Shi’bi 19

shubha
68

Sidahmed, Abdel Salam 174 Siddiqi, Muzammil 142, 189 Sikainga, Ahmal Alawad 168 Sivola, Juha 177

Skinner, Marilyn 172

Skovgaard-Petersen, Jakob 179

slavery xvi, xvii, xxv, 39–55, 57, 74, 116,

149, 152, 156, 160, 168, 169, 170

see also
concubinage Smith, Jane 179

Sonbol, Amira El-Azhary 159, 167, 183

Southern Baptists 135, 187, 188

Spectorsky, Susan 167, 173

Spellberg, DA 189

Squires, Abdur Rahman Robert 146, 191,

192

Starnes, Todd 187

stipulations 28, 166

Stowasser, Barbara Freyer 116, 184, 189

Sudan 42, 101, 109, 168, 169

sunnah
xxi, 6, 16, 25, 47, 48, 50, 54, 56, 57,

71, 99, 102, 105, 109, 125, 147, 148,

151, 152, 159, 169, 170, 185

support 5–6, 22

Syed, Mohammad Ali 53, 140, 159, 165,

170, 184, 185, 189

Taji-Farouki, Suha xxiii, 23

talaq
25–9, 32–7, 165, 170

see also
divorce Thompson, Ahmad 140, 142

Thumma, Scott 176

al-Tirmidhi 165, 166, 171, 172

Toledano, Ehud 168, 169

Toubia, Nahid 109, 180, 181

Treggiari, Susan 172

tribadism 75, 76, 77, 176

triple divorce 24, 26

see also talaq

Tucker, Judith E 159, 161, 166, 190

Uebel, Michael 175, 176

‘Umar b. al-Khattab 13, 191

umm walad
46, 169

Van Gelder, GHJ 173, 179

Vines, Jerry 135, 136, 142, 146, 187, 188