Power Hungry (57 page)

17
David Kestenbaum, “Japan Wrestles with Kyoto Accord Promises,” National Public Radio, October 1, 2007,
http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=14087783
.

18
Isabel Reynolds, “Japan Should Set Mid-Term Emissions Targets—Envoy,” Reuters, February 13, 2009,
http://www.reuters.com/article/latestCrisis/idUST53159
.

19
Energy Information Administration, “Carbon Dioxide Emissions from the Consumption and Flaring of Fossil Fuels, 1980–2006,” December 8, 2008,
http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/international/iealf/tableh1co2.xls
.

20
Central Intelligence Agency, World Factbook, “Field Listing: Population,” n.d.,
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2119.html
.

21
Steven F. Hayward, “The Real Cost of Tackling Climate Change,”
Wall Street Journal
, April 28, 2008,
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB120934459094348617.html
.

22
U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, “State Personal Income 2008,” March 24, 2009,
http://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/regional/spi/2009/xls/spi0309.xls
.

23
U.S. Census Bureau, “
Table 1
, Projections of the Population Components of Change for the United States: 2010 to 2050,”
http://www.census.gov/population/www/projections/files/nation/summary/np2008-t1.xls
.

24
International Energy Agency, “Key World Energy Statistics, 2008,”
http://www.iea.org/textbase/nppdf/free/2008/key_stats_2008.pdf
, 49, 51, 57.

25
Ibid., 51.

26
Hayward, “The Real Cost of Tackling Climate Change.”

27
Ibid., 53.

28
For more on Pielke, see his homepage at the University of Colorado at Boulder,
http://sciencepolicy.colorado.edu/about_us/meet_us/roger_pielke/
.

29
Roger A. Pielke Jr., “Statement to the Committee on Government Reform of the United States House of Representatives,” July 20, 2006,
http://sciencepolicy.colorado.edu/admin/publication_files/resource-2466-2006.09.pdf
.

30
Institution of Mechanical Engineers, “Climate Change: Adapting to the Inevitable?” February 2009,
http://www.imeche.org/NR/rdonlyres/D72D38FF-FECF
-480F-BBDB-6720130C1AAF/0/Adaptation_Report.PDF, 2 (hereafter cited as “full report”).

31
Institution of Mechanical Engineers, news release, “Climate Change: Adapting to the Inevitable?: New Research Paints True Picture of Our Planet's Future” (hereafter cited as “news release”), n.d.,
http://www.imeche.org/NR/rdonlyres/D961AE6B-645C-403A-A0D4-19BA0D3E9B95/0/AdaptationRelease.pdf
.

32
Institution of Mechanical Engineers, full report, 2.

33
Ibid., 25.

34
Institution of Mechanical Engineers, news release.

35
National Academy of Sciences, “Restructuring Federal Climate Research to Meet the Challenges of Climate Change,” 2009,
http://cart.nap.edu/cart/deliver.cgi?record_id=12595
, 14.

36
Energy Information Administration, “U.S. Annual Energy Expenditures as Percent of Gross Domestic Product,”
http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/steo/pub/gifs/Fig23.gif
.

37
Jeff Goodell, “Coal's New Technology: Panacea or Risky Gamble?”
Yale Environment 360
, July 14, 2008,
http://e360.yale.edu/content/feature.msp?id=2036
.

38
Fred Krupp, speech at CERAWeek conference, hosted by Cambridge Energy Research Associates, Houston, February 12, 2009.

39
Howard Herzog, speech at CERAWeek conference, Houston, February 13, 2009.

40
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, “The Future of Coal: Options for a Carbon-Constrained World,” 2007,
http://web.mit.edu/coal/The_Future_of_Coal.pdf
, ix.

41
Ibid., x.

42
Kate Galbraith, “Salazar Talks Guns, Parks and Solar Power,”
New York Times
, March 24, 2009,
http://greeninc.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/03/24/salazar-talks-guns-parks-and-solar-power/
.

43
Nobuo Tanaka, speech in Bergen, Norway, May 27, 2009,
http://www.iea.org/Textbase/speech/2009/Tanaka/Bergen_CCS_notes.pdf
, 2.

44
Associated Press, “US Energy Sec: World Wants Stable Oil Prices, Spikes Could Hurt Economic Recovery,” May 23, 2009,
http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=7662471
.

45
David Sandalow, “Statement of David Sandalow, Assistant Secretary of Energy for Policy and International Affairs, Before the Committee on Environment and Public Works, United States Senate,” August 6, 2009,
http://epw.senate.gov//files/22/38/63/f223863/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Files.View&FileStore_id=e2ec9004-e94d-41d6-81c6-a3f8c9bd9975
.

46
Paul W. Parfomak, “Carbon Control in the US Electricity Sector: Key Implementation Uncertainties,” Congressional Research Service, December 23, 2008,
https://secure.wikileaks.org/leak/crs/R40103.pdf
, 15.

47
U.S. Department of Energy, “Secretary Chu Announces $2.4 Billion in Funding for Carbon Capture and Storage Projects,” May 15, 2009,
http://www.energy.gov/news2009/7405.htm
.

48
Andres Cala, “Europe Bets $1.4B on Carbon Capture,”
Energy Tribune
, May 29, 2009,
http://www.energytribune.com/articles.cfm?aid=1844
.

49
Goodell, “Coal's New Technology.”

50
Ibid.

51
Greenpeace, “False Hope: Why Carbon Capture and Storage Won't Save the Climate,” n.d.
http://www.greenpeace.org/raw/content/usa/press-center/reports4/false-hope-why-carbon-capture/executive-summary-false-hope.pdf
.

52
Energy Information Administration, “Carbon Dioxide Emissions from the Consumption and Flaring of Fossil Fuels, 1980–2006.”

53
That 3 billion tons is also approximately equal to emissions from the U.S. electric utility sector. (That sector accounts for about 40 percent of total U.S. emissions, or about 2.4 billion tons.) Carbon dioxide emissions data is from Energy Information Administration, “Carbon Dioxide Emissions from the Consumption and Flaring of Fossil Fuels, 1980–2006.”

54
Vaclav Smil, “Energy at the Crossroads: Background Notes for a Presentation at the Global Science Forum Conference on Scientific Challenges for Energy Research, Paris,” May 17–18, 2006,
http://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~vsmil/pdf_pubs/oecd.pdf
, 21. Also, carbon dioxide reaches a critical point at 74 atmospheres, which is about 1,087 psi. For more on this, see Economy-point.org, “Critical Point (thermodynamics),” n.d.,
http://www.economy-point.org/c/critical-point-thermodynamics.html
.

55
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2009. In 2008, global production was 81.8 million barrels per day.

56
Apache Corporation, “Topic Report: Tanker Market Review,” July 14, 2008,
http://www.apachecorp.com/explore/explore_features/browse_archives/View_Article/?docdoc=742
.

57
Smil, “Energy at the Crossroads.”

58
Paul Freund and Olav Kaarstad,
Keeping the Lights On: Fossil Fuels in the Century of Climate Change
(Oslo: Universitetsflorlaget, 2007), 156. The authors estimate that the parasitic load would be about 18 percent on a combined-cycle natural gas–fired power plant and about 28 percent on a coal-fired plant.

59
Guy Chazan, “Locals Try Sinking Plan to Store CO
₂
Underground,”
Wall Street Journal
, October 6, 2009,
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB125476964655765445.html
.

60
Peabody Energy, “Message from Chairman and CEO,” n.d.,
http://www.peabodyenergy.com/Profile/ceomessage.asp
. For Svec quote, see Clifford Krauss, “Natural Gas Hits a Roadblock in New Energy Bill,”
New York Times
, September 7, 2009,
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/07/business/07gas.html?_r=1&ref=business
.

1
Environmental Protection Agency, “Mercury: Human Health,”
http://www.epa.gov/mercury/health.htm
.

2
U.S. Geological Survey, “Major Findings from USGS Mercury in Stream Ecosystem Studies,” n.d.,
http://water.usgs.gov/nawqa/mercury/majorfindings.html
. Barbara C. Scudder, Lia C. Chasar, Dennis A. Wentz, Nancy J. Bauch, Mark E. Brigham, Patrick W. Moran, and David P. Krabbenhoft, “Mercury in Fish, Bed Sediment, and Water from Streams Across the United States, 1998–2005,” n.d. (mid-August 2009),
http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5109/pdf/sir20095109.pdf
, 10.

3
U.S. Geological Survey, “Major Findings from USGS Mercury in Stream Ecosystem Studies.”

4
Scudder et al., “Mercury in Fish,” 2.

5
Ibid., 1.

6
Environmental Protection Agency, “Mercury: Basic Information,” n.d.,
http://www.epa.gov/mercury/about.htm
.

7
Matt Pottinger, Steve Stecklow, and John J. Fialka, “Invisible Export—A Hidden Cost of China's Growth: Mercury Migration,”
Wall Street Journal
, December 20, 2004,
http://www.aug.edu/~sbajmb/Clippings/2004-12-17-ChinaMercury.pdf
.

8
The Oregonian
, “China's Mercury Flushes into Oregon's Rivers,” November 24, 2006,
http://research.uwb.edu/jaffegroup/publications/116400a.pdf
.

9
WorldWideWords.org
, “Mad as a Hatter,”
http://www.worldwidewords.org/qa/qa-mad2.htm
.

10
Newsrx.com
, Women's Health Weekly: Environmental Health, “Maternal Exposure to Neurotoxins May Not Be Risk Factor for Fetal Neural Tube Defects,” June 29, 2006,
http://www.newsrx.com/newsletters/Womens-Health-Weekly/2006-06-29/0629200633367WW.html
.

11
Jesse H. Ausubel, “Reasons to Worry About the Human Environment,”
COSMOS
(Journal of the Cosmos Club of Washington, D.C.) 8 (1998): 1–12,
http://phe.rockefeller.edu/reasons-to-worry/
.

12
Environmental News Service, “Mercury Found in Blood of One-Third of American Women,” September 1, 2009,
http://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/sep2009/2009-09-01-092.asp
.

1
“Viewpoints: An Interview with Professor Kirk R. Smith,”
Boiling Point
, no. 56 (2009): 10,
http://ehs.sph.berkeley.edu/krsmith/publications/2009%20pubs/BP56_Smith.pdf
.

2
Juan Forero, “Texaco Goes on Trial in Ecuador Pollution case,”
New York Times
, October 23, 2003,
http://www.nytimes.com/2003/10/23/business/texaco-goes-on-trial-in-ecuador-pollution-case.html
.

3
Twenty years ago, I published numerous articles about the pollution problems and bird kills caused by the oil and gas industry in Oklahoma and Texas. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, I wrote articles for the
Tulsa Tribune
and other papers about the thousands of migratory birds that were being killed in open oil waste pits. I also wrote about careless industry practices that were polluting aquifers. Three of my articles from that time period are: “Crackdown Due on Foul Water Holes: Birds Fall Victim to Slime in 3 States,”
Tulsa Tribune
, November 17, 1989,
http://www.robertbryce.com/node/298
; “Oil Wastes Taint Water Supply,”
Christian Science Monitor
, April 18, 1991,
http://www.csmonitor.com/1991/0418/18061.html
; and “Caustic Pits,”
Field and Stream
, March 1991. In 1991 I also wrote a long article for
Texas Monthly
that exposed the lax pollution enforcement of the Texas Railroad Commission, the agency charged with regulating the oil and gas industry in the Lone Star State. See Robert Bryce, “More Precious Than Oil,”
Texas Monthly
, February 1991.

4
Transparency International, “Corruption Perceptions Index 2009,” n.d.,
http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2009/cpi_2009_table
.

5
Ian Urbina, “Taint of Corruption Is No Barrier to U.S. Visa,”
New York Times
, November 16, 2009,
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/17/us/17visa.html
.

6
CBS News,
60 Minutes
, “Gorillas: Kings of Congo,” December 9, 2007,
http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/12/07/60minutes/main3591264.shtml?source=related_story
.

7
Ibid.

8
Wildlife Conservation Society, “What Is the Albertine Rift,” n.d.,
http://programs.wcs.org/albertine/WhatistheAlbertineRift/tabid/1998/Default.aspx
.

9
Gorilla.cd
, “Who We Are,” n.d.,
http://gorilla.cd/who-we-are/
.

10
Emmanuel de Merode, e-mail correspondence with author, April 17, 2009.

11
Gorilla.cd
, “Briquettes, Gorillas & Virunga Need Your Help,” April 16, 2009,
http://gorillacd.org/2009/04/16/briquettes-gorillas-virunga-need-your-help/
.

12
Ibid.

13
Emmanuel de Merode, e-mail correspondence with author, April 17, 2009. For more information, see Gorillacd.org.

14
Tom Knudson, “The Cost of the Biofuel Boom on Indonesia's Forests,”
The Guardian
, January 21, 2009,
http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/jan/21/network-biofuels
.

15
Ibid.

16
Ibid.

17
Kounteya Sinha, “‘Indoor' Air Pollution Is the Biggest Killer,”
Times of India
, March 22, 2007,
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1790711.cms
.