Pillar of Fire (116 page)

published a special page: NYT, April 19, 1964, p. IV-13.

still wanted to hire Bayard Rustin: Garrow,
Bearing the Cross
, p. 320.

New York advisers worried: Int. Clarence Jones, Nov. 25, 1983; int. Harry Wachtel, May 17, 1990. The Rustin topic was overheard on the Levison and Jones wiretaps frequently through the winter and spring of 1964, with suspicions about Rustin and the socialists beginning in March. Cf. wiretap transcripts of March 11, 1964, FLNY-9-469a, and March 16, 1964, FLNY-7-728a.

theorist Max Shachtman: Max Shachtman oral history by Stephen Chodes, 1962, CU/OH; Isserman,
If I Had a Hammer
, pp. 34-69; “Trotsky's Orphans,”
New Republic
, June 22, 1987, pp. 18-22.

Trotsky literary estate: “Hearing Before the State Department in the Matter of Application for a Passport for Mr. Max Shachtman, National Chairman, Independent Socialist League,” Nov. 3, 1953, pp. 33-34, Box 73, Joseph Rauh Papers, LOC.

workshops at times included: Int. Michael Harrington, Aug. 31, 1983, and Oct. 27, 1983; int. Irving Howe, Nov. 28, 1983.

New York lawyers reported: Int. Clarence Jones, Nov. 25, 1983.

quibbled with Levison: Ibid. Also int. Harry Wachtel, May 17, 1990.

“You're doing the same thing”: Int. Clarence Jones, Nov. 28, 1989.

“are beginning to infiltrate”: WP, April 15, 1964, p. 23.

resisted the urgent counsel: NY LHM, April 22, 1964, FJ-NR; Baumgardner to Sullivan, April 23, 1964, FL-NR; Hoover to Walter Jenkins, April 27, 1964, FK-NR.

Marshall had listened: Baumgardner to Sullivan, April 26, 1964, FK-NR.

“Hoover Says Reds Exploit”: NYT, April 22, 1964, p. 30.

Hoover, blocked by Robert Kennedy: Int. Edwin Guthman, June 25, 1984.

“the Alsop case”: Yoder,
Joe Alsop's Cold War
, pp. 153-58; WP, April 13, 1995, p. C1.

King pushed his advisers: NY LHM, April 27, 1964, FK-NR.

fn “revolting”; NYT, April 22, 1964, p. 30.

“Rev. King's Icy Fury”:
San Francisco Examiner
, April 24, 1964.

dictated the King statement: SAC, San Francisco, to Director, April 23, 1964, FK-NR.

“King mentioned the Director”: Sullivan to Belmont, April 23, 1964, FK-352.

“It would be encouraging to us”: King statement “in response to a recent article written by Mr. Joseph Alsop and Mr. J. Edgar Hoover's charge,” April 23, 1964, p. 3, A/KS. King's lawyers wrote letters of rebuttal to newspapers: Eskridge to Eugene Patterson, April 24, 1964, and Eskridge to John Hay Whitney, April 24, 1964, A/SC9f35.

“we have utilized”: Hoover “Confidential” letter to LBJ, April 10, 1964, answering LBJ to Hoover, April 8, 1964, HU2/ST1, FG 135-6, LBJ.

Sullivan placed an emergency call: Sullivan to Belmont, April 23, 1964, FK-3116.

arranged microphone bugs: Garrow,
FBI and Martin
, p. 115.

“I want to hit him hard”: Ibid., p. 113.

“the rhythms of man”: Harris,
Dream Die Hard
, p. 57.

“If we have any anchor”: Moses speech of April 24, 1964, SUARC.

rose for a standing ovation: Harris,
Dreams Die Hard
, p. 57.

“All the colored folks”: Holt,
The Summer That Didn't End
, p. 159.

candidacy for the U.S. Senate: “Negro Woman Qualifies for Mississippi Senate Seat,” SNCC press release of April 10, 1964, A/SN101f8.

Kentucky college secured: Findlay,
Church People in the Struggle
, p. 85.

“It is unbelievably absurd”: Jane Stembridge to Mary King, April 21, 1964, cited in Mary King,
Freedom Song
, pp. 369-70.

22. F
ILIBUSTERS

superimposed clock: Whalen and Whalen,
The Longest Debate
, p. 166.

vigil at the Lincoln Memorial: NYT, May 2, 1964; Findlay,
Church People in the Struggle
, pp. 55-56.

“unparalleled in the annals”: NYT, April 10, 1964, p. 1; NYT, April 26, 1964, p. 45; NYT, April, 29, 1964, p. 1; WP, April 29, 1964, p. 1.

reverse “enslavement” of white people: Cf. Kilpatrick, “What a Southern Conservative Thinks,”
Saturday Review
, April 25, 1964, pp. 15-18; “Maybe It's Time to Look at the Antislavery Amendment,”
U.S. News & World Report
, May 11, 1964, pp. 82-84.

“How can any Christian”:
Congressional Record-Senate
, April 29, 1964, pp. 9535-44.

“I turn around”: LBJ phone call with Bill Moyers, April 28, 1964, Cit. 3171, Audiotape WH6404.14, LBJ.

Oscar Lee preached the first: Findlay,
Church People in the Struggle
, p. 55.

President Johnson received: NYT, April 30, 1964, p. 1.

“From the time”: PPP, April 29, 1964, Item 301, pp. 588-89.

“my herdmen and your herdmen”: Genesis 13:8.

fn “If you ever follow dogs”: NYT, April 29, 1964, p. 43.

Northern Presbyterians elected: NYT, May 22, 1964, p. 1.

dissenting elders renewed: Address of Dr. James Findlay at University of Chicago School of Divinity, April 24, 1995.

Southern Baptists voted down: NYT, May 22, 1964, p. 20.

invite Rev. Henry Russell: NYT, April 26, 1964, p. 61.

compromise that reunited Methodists: Methodist history summarized for General Assembly, as recorded in
Daily Christian Advocate
, April 29, 1960, pp. 79-80, 104-6, May 1, 1964, pp. 141-46, May 2, 1964, pp. 238-39, May 7, 1964, pp. 486-88.

“I would like to remind”:
Daily Christian Advocate
, May 2, 1964, p. 179.

tumultuous Pittsburgh assembly: Ibid., pp. 218-42; NYT, April 29, 1964, p. 29, May 2, 1964, p. 1.

driving white Methodists:
Daily Christian Advocate
, May 1, 1964, p. 167.

Lawson wept openly: Int. James Lawson, March 26, 1991.

marched around the Pittsburgh Civic Arena: Ibid. Also int. Edwin King, June 26, 1992; NYT, May 3, 1964, p. 78; PC, May 9, 1964, p. 1.

Russell told colleagues: Whalen and Whalen,
The Longest Debate
, p. 237.

“grassroots resistance”: cited in Harold H. Martin, “George Wallace Shakes Up the Political Scene,”
Saturday Evening Post
, May 9, 1964, p. 86.

“We have shaken the eyeteeth”: Ibid., p. 85.

developed a stump speech: Lesher,
George Wallace
, pp. 261-65, 272-73, 297-98.

chortled over the discovery: Ibid., p. 262.

“Anybody here”: Ibid., p. 290.

“they are building”: Ibid., p. 292.

Dirksen hinted instead: Stern,
Calculating Visions
, p. 180.

“Oh, I was shameless”: Miller,
Lyndon
, p. 451; Whalen and Whalen,
The Longest Debate
, p. 201.

“killed off a rapidly growing”: Whalen and Whalen,
The Longest Debate
, p. 189.

Tennessee Democrats selected: NYT, April 3, 1964, p. 23.

“The Negro has been read out”: NYT, May 3, 1964, p. 72.

King joined Fred Shuttlesworth: Funeral recording in the possession of Mrs. W. E. (Pinkie) Shortridge; int. Pinkie Shortridge, July 29, 1986.

short notice to Nashville: Ibid. Also
Nashville Banner
, May 1, 1964, p. 1; MS, May 22, 1964, pp. 1, 4-6; int. John Lewis by Archie Allen, pp. 120-22, AAP; ADW, April 30, 1964, p. 1.

escorted King into a mass meeting:
Gadsden Times
, May 4, 1964.

“Who Is My Neighbor?”: Luke 10:29-37.

“Everybody within the sound of my voice”: MLK sermon, “The Three Philosophies of Life,” May 3, 1964, A/KS.

favorite parable of the rich man Dives: Branch,
Parting
, pp. 12, 705; Luke 16 19-31.

returned by way of Cincinnati: MLK to Harold DeWolf, May 1, 1964, A/KP4f27.

poverty tour from Ohio down through Tennessee: LBJ remarks in Cumberland, Md.; Athens, Ohio; Knoxville, Tenn.; Rocky Mount, N.C.; etc., PPP, 1964, pp. 640-51.

two newborn tiger cubs: Ivan Allen, Jr., Oral History, May 15, 1969, pp. 12-13, LBJ.

“my Georgia ancestors”: LBJ remarks at the Dinkler Plaza Hotel, May 8, 1964, PPP, p. 649.

walking speed for fifteen miles: NYT, May 9, 1964, pp. 1, 13.

forty thousand people: PC, May 16, 1964, p. 4.

“I need two new hands!”: LBJ phone call with Lawrence O'Brien, May 8, 1964, Cit. 3365, Audiotape WH6405,03, LBJ.

“a household word”: LBJ “Remarks Honoring J. Edgar Hoover…,” May 8, 1964, PPP, pp. 654-55.

DeWolf had fallen: Int. Harold DeWolf, May 9-10, 1983.

“to place my less”: DeWolf to “Martin and Coretta,” May 13, 1964, A/KP4f37.

offered Boston university: Ibid. Also int. Harold DeWolf, May 9-10, 1983; reference to Boston University offer in SCLC Executive Staff Meeting minutes of May 4, 1964, A/KP32f7.

Mays had refused: Int. Benjamin Mays, March 6, 1984.

sending Mays a thousand-dollar donation: MLK to Mays, May 15, 1964, A/KP.

“amazes me”: Mays to MLK, May 18, 1964, A/KP.

Yoki's ballet recital: MLK to Harold DeWolf, May 1, 1964, A/KP4f27; DeWolf to “Martin and Coretta,” May 13, 1964, A/KP4f37.

“Where is the direct action?”: Transcript of
Face the Nation
, CBS Television Network, May 10, 1964, p. 15, A/KS.

DeLoach had pushed: Guthman, “Memo for the Files,” May 8, 1964, Edwin Guthman private papers.

Guthman quickly sent the FBI: Int. Edwin Guthman, June 25, 1984.

“Obviously, Guthman is skeptical”: DeLoach to Mohr, May 13, 1964, Edwin Guthman private papers.

“In the past few months”: RFK to Hoover, May 12, 1964, cited in Powers,
Secrecy and Power
, p. 392.

Guthman and DeLoach would agree: Guthman, “Memo for the Files,” May 18, 1964, Edwin Guthman private papers.

national debt ceiling:
Florida Times-Union
, May 21, 1964, p. 6.

Whitten's nettlesome demand: Henry H. Wilson to Larry O'Brien, May 26, 1964, Box 4, Henry Wilson Papers, LBJ.

first criminal contempt citation: Coleman,
Adam Clayton Powell
, p. 101.

revised anti-poverty legislation: “mf” to LBJ, May 26, 1964, regarding phone call from Rep. Carl Albert, WE9, Box 25, LBJ.

“a laundry list a yard long”: LBJ phone call with Lawrence O'Brien, May 11, 1964, Cit. 3395, Audiotape WH6405.04, LBJ.

“The Communist Split”:
Time
, April 26, 1964, pp. 26-30.

Nehru died: NYT, May 26, 1964, p. 1; LBJ Letter of May 27, 1964, PPP, p. 719.

“Mr. Johnson has left an indelible imprint”: NYT, May 22, 1964, p. 1.

Six American soldiers:
Time
, May 22, 1964, p. 28.

cumulative U.S. death toll: McNamara,
In Retrospect
, p. 321; Ernest Gruening speech of March 10, 1964,
Congressional Record
, p. S-4864.

“Opposing forces are”:
U.S. News & World Report
, March 23, 1964, pp. 50-52.

“Sorry About That”: CBS Special Report,
Vietnam: The Deadly Decision
, aired April 1, 1964, tape No. T79:0039, MOB.

strategic imperative was clearer: President Johnson underscored and defined the geopolitical necessity of “an independent non-Communist South Vietnam” by accepting McNamara's top secret National Security Action Memorandum, NSAM-288, on March 17, 1964. (Nowhere did the eighteen-page document consider whether a democratic form of government was, could be, or even should be supported by the people of Vietnam.) Bundy to NSC, March 17, 1964, and RSM to LBJ, March 16, 1964, NS-NSAM, Boxes 3-7, LBJ.

“Loss of this area”: CBS Special Report,
Vietnam: The Deadly Decision
, aired April 1, 1964, tape No. T79:0039, MOB.

defeated Barry Goldwater: “A Vote for our Man in Vietnam,”
Life
, March 20, 1964.

holding aloft the arm: Shapley,
Promise and Power
, p. 297.

nearly assassinated McNamara: NYT, May 11, 1964, p. 1;
Time
, May 22, 1964, p. 28.

bulletproof cloaks: Ibid.