Open Heart (55 page)

295
   
“who will be labeled”:
Annas, page 108. With regard to the imbalance of supply and demand in medical care—an imbalance in which supply often drives demand—see a
New York Times
front-page article, “More
May Not Mean Better in Health Care, Studies Find,” by Gina Kolata, July 21, 2002.

296
   
“Is radical mastectomy”:
Nuland, “Whoops!” page 11.

301
   
“where observation is concerned”:
Until I returned to the original—in Sherwin Nuland's
Doctors: The Biography of Medicine—
I had always thought that what Pasteur said was that “chance favored the prepared mind.” What he actually said was that “chance favors
only
the prepared mind.” Here, in French, are his words (quoted in
Doctors
on page 363), spoken on December 7, 1854, at the inaugural assembly of the Lille Faculty of Science, in France: “Dans les champs de l'observation, le hasard ne favorise que les esprits preparés.”

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Index

access to health care,
41
,
175
,
282
,
285
–
87

adult-onset diabetes.
See
diabetes: type
2

aging

attempts to avoid,
98
,
99

drug company marketing and,
96
–
98
,
99

effects of the immune system,
271
–
72

effects on the brain,
222

nature of the knowledge acquired with,
203
–
4

the p53 system and,
272
–
75

research on cellular processes,
90
,
275
–
76

AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome)

political aspects,
195
,
282

in South Africa,
282
–
83
,
285

transmission,
41
,
46
,
See also
HIV: transmission

treatment: antiretrovirals,
40
–
41
,
255
,
282
–
83
; context of a cure,
173
–
74
; impact of new,
40
–
41
,
43
; importance of adherence to the regimen,
180
–
81
; low-tech aspects,
166
; myths,
282
; role of trust,
153
,
180
; of symptoms vs.

causes,
87

United Nations program,
286

Yale-New Haven Hospital research,
1
,
40
–
41

Alzheimer's disease,
62
,
98
–
99
,
272
,
284
–
85

American Heart Association, 28–29 America's Pharmaceutical Companies,
96
–
97

angina,
65
,
132
,
244
,
245
–
46
,
258

angiography

of the author: attempt to see Dr. Beck,
71
; by Dr. Cabin,
3
,
6
,
80
,
83

definition,
1

historical background,
93
,
230

angioplasty

definition,
1
–
2

percent of patients who need second,
43

percent of unnecessary,
37

research by Helfant,
263

risks and benefits,
43
–
44

stent: failures,
99
,
132
; impact of this development,
15
,
43
,
95
; probability of needing second,
44

antibiotics

effects on mortality rates,
109
–
10

historical background,
94
,
109
,
270
–
71

pathogen resistance to,
26
,
102
,
255
,
288

production by microorganisms,
270

treatment for bypass patients,
259

antibodies,
255

antidepressant medications,
43
,
97
,
154

antipsychotic medications,
105
,
150
,
268

antiretrovirals,
40
–
41
,
255
,
282
–
83

aorta,
36
,
70
,
245

arm pain,
5

Armstrong, Moe,
17

arterial plaque.
See
plaque

aspirin,
70
,
252
,
259

Atelenol,
70

Atherosclerosis

early research,
92
–
93

genetic aspects,
114

infectious disease linked with,
259
,
260

as an inflammatory process,
255
–
60
,
272

limitations of medical knowledge,
16
,
43
,
249
,
252
,
260

limited role of risk factors,
30
,
256

back pain

author's symptoms prior to surgery,
59
,
60
,
64
,
65
,
69
,
245