On Immunity : An Inoculation (9781555973278) (23 page)

Pages 35–36

Natural infections of measles, mumps, chicken pox, and influenza … “favors rejection” of the theory that the MMR vaccine causes autism:
Ellen Clayton et al., “Adverse Effects of Vaccines: Evidence and Causality,” Institute of Medicine, August 25, 2011.

Pages 37–39

risk perception:
Cass Sunstein, “The Laws of Fear,”
Harvard Law Review
, February 2002; Paul Slovic, “Perception of Risk,”
Science
, April 1987.

Page 38

Paranoia, the theorist … “some things well and others poorly”:
Eve Sedgwick, “Paranoid Reading and Reparative Reading, or, You’re So Paranoid, You Probably Think This Essay Is About You,” in
Touching Feeling: Affect, Pedagogy, Performativity
(Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2003), 130–31.

Pages 38–39

Intuitive toxicology
… less harmful than man-made chemicals:
Paul Slovic,
The Perception of Risk
(London: Earthscan Publications, 2000), 310–11.

Pages 40–41

“Obviously … There can be continuity between them, and there must be”:
Wendell Berry, “Getting Along with Nature,” in
Home Economics
(New York: North Point Press, 1987), 17, 25–26.

Page 41

“In the pharmaceutical world … from chemical compounds”:
Jane S. Smith,
Patenting the Sun: Polio and the Salk Vaccine
(New York: Morrow, 1990), 221.

Page 41

“Probably we’re diseased … hardly ever ill”:
Emily Martin,
Flexible Bodies: Tracking Immunity in American Culture—from the Days of Polio to the Age of AIDS
(Boston: Beacon, 1994), 107.

Pages 43–44

DDT is not exactly what Carson feared it was … she got some things wrong:
Robert Zubrin, “The Truth about DDT and
Silent Spring
,”
New Atlantis
, September 27, 2012.

Page 44

“Few books” … “its eradication in rich ones”:
Tina Rosenberg, “What the World Needs Now Is DDT,”
New York Times
, April 11, 2004.

Page 45

“Infectious diseases,” he says, “systematically steal human resources”:
“Disease Burden Links Ecology to Economic Growth,”
Science Daily
, December 27, 2012.

Page 45

“Such a catalog of illnesses!”:
Nancy Koehn, “From Calm Leadership, Lasting Change,”
New York Times
, October 27, 2012.

Page 50

“We have never been human”:
Donna Haraway,
When Species Meet
(Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2008), 165.

Page 51

“all experienced physicians were aware”:
Nicolau Barquet et al., “Smallpox: The Triumph over the Most Terrible of the Ministers of Death,”
Annals of Internal Medicine
, October 15, 1997.

Pages 53–54

variolation:
Donald Hopkins,
The Greatest Killer: Smallpox in History
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983, 2002), 247–50; Arthur Allen,
Vaccine: The Controversial Story of Medicine’s Greatest Lifesaver
(New York: Norton, 2007), 25–33, 46–49.

Pages 55–56

“immunosemiotics” conference:
Eli Sercarz et al.,
The Semiotics of Cellular Communication in the Immune System
(Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1988), v–viii, 25, 71.

Pages 56–57

When the anthropologist … vigilance of a mother:
Emily Martin,
Flexible Bodies: Tracking Immunity in American Culture—from the Days of Polio to the Age of AIDS
(Boston: Beacon, 1994), 96, 75, 4.

Pages 57–59

immune system overview:
Thomas Kindt et al.,
Kuby Immunology
, 6th ed. (New York: W. H. Freeman, 2007), 1–75.

Page 62

“children are expected to survive to adulthood”:
Ellen Clayton et al., “Adverse Effects of Vaccines: Evidence and Causality,” Institute of Medicine, 2011.

Pages 67–70

women and medicine:
Barbara Ehrenreich and Deirdre English,
For Her Own Good: Two Centuries of the Experts’ Advice to Women
(New York: Anchor Books, 1978, 2005), 37–75, 51.

Pages 68–69

Modesty and tradition … doctors blamed it on tight petticoats, fretting, and bad morals:
Tina Cassidy,
Birth: The Surprising History of How We Are Born
(New York: Grove, 2006), 27–41, 56–59.

Page 69

Even now … “it must be maternal”:
Janna Malamud Smith, “Mothers: Tired of Taking the Rap,”
New York Times
, June 10, 1990.

Pages 69–70

Wakefield:
Andrew Wakefield et al., “Ileal-lymphoidnodular Hyperplasia, Non-Specific Colitis, and Pervasive Developmental Disorder in Children,”
Lancet
, February 28, 1998; Editors of the
Lancet
, “Retraction: Ileal Lymphoid Nodular Hyperplasia, Non-specific Colitis, and Pervasive Developmental Disorder in Children,”
Lancet
, February 6, 2010; Brian Deer, “MMR—The Truth Behind the Crisis,”
Sunday Times
, February 22, 2004; General Medical Council, “Fitness to Practise Panel Hearing,” January 28, 2010; Cassandra Jardine, “Dangerous Maverick or Medical Martyr?”
Daily Telegraph
, January 29, 2010; Clare Dyer, “Wakefield Was Dishonest and Irresponsible over MMR Research, says GMC,”
BMJ
, January 2010.

Page 70

“repeatedly breached fundamental principles of research medicine” … “in particular the association parents made with the vaccine”:
Sarah Boseley, “Andrew Wakefield Struck Off Register by General Medical Council,”
Guardian
, May 24 2010.

Page 72

any number of contagious diseases were caused by bad air … also for immorality:
Peter Baldwin, “How Night Air Became Good Air: 1776–1930,”
Environmental History
, July 2003.

Page 73

“He was too pure”:
Emily Martin,
Flexible Bodies: Tracking Immunity in American Culture—from the Days of Polio to the Age of AIDS
(Boston: Beacon, 1994), 203.

Page 74

Our breast milk … “DDT residues and PCBs”:
Florence Williams, “Toxic Breast Milk?”
New York Times
, January 9, 2005.

Page 75

“biologicals of unknown toxicity” … “cumulative toxic effects”:
Jason Fagone, “Will This Doctor Hurt Your Baby?”
Philadelphia Magazine
, June 2009; Barbara Loe Fisher, “NVIC Says IOM Report Confirms Order for Mercury-Free Vaccines,”
nvic.org
, October 1, 2001; Barbara Loe Fisher, “Thimerosal and Newborn Hepatitis B Vaccine,”
nvic.org
, July 8, 1999.

Page 81

“If you want to understand any moment” … “modern vampires are not talking as much about sex as they are about power”:
Margot Adler, “For the Love of Do-Good Vampires: A Bloody Book List,” National Public Radio, February 18, 2010.

Page 83

The smallpox virus … “gives the virus its own kind of immortality”:
Carl Zimmer,
A Planet of Viruses
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011), 85–87.

Page 84

the Polio Pioneers … allowed them to “request” to be part of the trial:
Jane S. Smith,
Patenting the Sun: Polio and the Salk Vaccine
(New York: Morrow, 1990), 158–59.

Pages 85–86

The polio eradication campaign in Nigeria … produced by a company based in a Muslim country:
Maryam Yahya, “Polio Vaccines—‘No Thank You!’: Barriers to Polio Eradication in Northern Nigeria,”
African Affairs
, April 2007.

Pages 86–87

polio in Nigeria and Pakistan:
Jeffrey Kluger, “Polio and Politics,”
Time
, January 14, 2013; Declan Walsh, “Taliban Block Vaccinations in Pakistan,”
New York Times
, June 19, 2012; Maryn McKenna, “File under WTF: Did the CIA Fake a Vaccination Campaign?” Superbug: Wired Science Blogs,
wired.com
, July 13, 2011 (
http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2011/07/wtf-fake-vaccination/
); Donald McNeil, “CIA Vaccine Ruse May Have Harmed the War on Polio,”
New York Times
, July 10, 2012; Svea Closser, “Why We Must Provide Better Support for Pakistan’s Female Frontline Health Workers,”
PLOS Medicine
, October 2013; Aryn Baker, “Pakistani Polio Hits Syria, Proving No Country Is Safe Until All Are,”
Time.com
, November 14, 2013.

Page 89

Minamata:
Seth Mnookin,
The Panic Virus: A True Story of Medicine, Science, and Fear
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 2011), 120–22.

Pages 89–90

thimerosal:
Walter Orenstein et al., “Global Vaccination Recommendations and Thimerosal,”
Pediatrics
, January 2013.

Page 90

“significant reversal” … “profound differences”:
Louis Cooper et al., “Ban on Thimerosal in Draft Treaty on Mercury: Why the AAP’s Position in 2012 Is So Important,”
Pediatrics
, January 2013.

Pages 90–91

“There is no credible scientific evidence” … as global health researchers would observe in
Pediatrics
:
Katherine King et al., “Global Justice and the Proposed Ban on Thimerosal-Containing Vaccines,”
Pediatrics
, January 2013.

Page 94

“false pandemic”:
Fiona Macrae, “The ‘False’ Pandemic: Drug Firms Cashed in on Scare over Swine Flu, Claims Euro Health Chief,”
dailymail.co.uk
, January 17, 2010.

Pages 94–95

“Criticism is part of an outbreak cycle”:
Jonathan Lynn, “WHO to Review Its Handling of the H1N1 Flu Pandemic,” Reuters, January 12, 2010.

Pages 94–95

In reading the report … “core public-health ethos to prevent disease and save lives”:
“Report of the Review Committee on the Functioning of the International Health Regulations (2005) in Relation to Pandemic (H1N1) 2009,” World Health Organization, May 5, 2011.

Page 95

“Like capital, Dracula is impelled towards a continuous growth”:
Franco Moretti, “The Dialectic of Fear,”
New Left Review
, November 1982.

Page 96

The death toll calculated by the CDC:
F. S. Dawood et al., “Estimated Global Mortality Associated with the First 12 Months of 2009 Pandemic Influenza A H1N1 Virus Circulation: A Modelling Study,”
Lancet Infectious Diseases
, June 26, 2012.

Page 97

“If the White man really wanted to destroy us, there are many other easier ways to do it. They can poison our coca-cola …”:
Maryam Yahya, “Polio Vaccines—’No Thank You!’: Barriers to Polio Eradication in Northern Nigeria,”
African Affairs
, April 2007.

Pages 98–104

paternalism and maternalism:
Michael Merry, “Paternalism, Obesity, and Tolerable Levels of Risk,”
Democracy & Education
20, no. 1, 2012; John Lee, “Paternalistic, Me?”
Lancet Oncology
, January 2003; Barbara Peterson, “Maternalism as a Viable Alternative to the Risks Imposed by Paternalism. A Response to ‘Paternalism, Obesity, and Tolerable Levels of Risk,’”
Democracy & Education
20, no. 1, 2012; Mark Sagoff, “Trust Versus Paternalism,”
American Journal of Bioethics
, May 2013.

Page 99

“If you keep telling people that it’s just a marketplace … in the face of consumer demand.”
Paul Offit,
Do You Believe in Magic? The Sense and Nonsense of Alternative Medicine
(New York: Harper, 2013), 249.

Pages 106–9

“Dr. Bob’s Selective Vaccine Schedule” … “which side effects are truly vaccine related”:
Robert Sears,
The Vaccine Book: Making the Right Decision for Your Child
(New York: Little, Brown, 2011), 259, 225, 58, 77; Robert Sears,
The Vaccine Book: Making the Right Decision for Your Child
(New York: Little, Brown, 2007), 57.

Pages 107–8

measles:
Seth Mnookin,
The Panic Virus: A True Story of Medicine, Science, and Fear
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 2011), 19.

Page 108

It was under Dr. Bob’s care that he was not vaccinated:
Seth Mnookin, “Bob Sears: Bald-Faced Liar, Devious Dissembler, or Both?”
The Panic Virus: Medicine, Science, and the Media
(blog),
PLOS.org
, March 26, 2012.

Page 108

“I was NOT the pediatrician who saw the measles patient”:
Robert Sears, “California Bill AB2109 Threatens Vaccine Freedom of Choice,”
Huff Post San Francisco, The Blog
(comments section), March 24, 2012,
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/social/hp_blogger_Dr.%20Bob%20Sears/california-vaccination-bill_b_1355370_143503103.html
.

Page 108

“I have simply been the family’s pediatrician”:
Robert Sears, “California Bill AB2109 Threatens Vaccine Freedom of Choice,”
Huff Post San Francisco, The Blog
(comments section), March 25, 2012,
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/social/hp_blogger_Dr.%20Bob%20Sears/california-vaccination-bill_b_1355370_143586737.html
.

Page 112

“I will hang you by your neck until you are dead!”:
Paul Offit,
Autism’s False Prophets
(New York: Columbia University Press, 2008), xvii.

Page 113

“In 2008, Merck’s revenue” and “The 100,000 number … It’s an awful image”:
Amy Wallace, “An Epidemic of Fear: How Panicked Parents Skipping Shots Endangers Us All,”
Wired
, October 19, 2009.

Pages 116–17

A popular alternative to vaccination … “what they considered ‘the real thing’”:
Nadja Durbach,
Bodily Matters: The Anti-Vaccine Movement in England, 1853–1907
(Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2005), 20.