Nine Inch Nails' Pretty Hate Machine (33 1/3) (20 page)

44
Alexander Chytra, home movie of Campbell Works mills. Filmed June 7, 1987 and October 25, 1989.

45
James M. Perry, “Down and Out: Idle Mills, a Dearth of Hope are Features of Ohio’s Steel Towns.”
The Wall Street Journal
, January 20, 1983, p. 14.

46
WCI Steel. Promotional film, 1994.

47
Mark C. Peyko and John Rose, “Time Runs Out for Jeannette Blast Furnace.”
The Metro Eye
, November 1993, with updates October 1996.

48
Tyler Clark, “Interview: Donna DeBlasio on Steel Museum and Applied History at YSU.”
Youngstown Renaissance
, June 3, 2009.

49
David Grann, “The City that Fell in Love with the Mob: Crimetown USA.”
The New Republic
, July 10, 2000.

50
Mary Jordan, “The Man, the Rug and the Red Carpet.”
The Washington Post
, September 7, 2009.

51
David Skolnick, “Poorest Midsize U.S. City?”
The Vindicator
, August 29, 2007.

52
Youngstown Planning Department, “The Vision.” Youngstown 2010.

53
Steven High and David W. Lewis,
Corporate Wasteland: The Landscape and Memory of Deindustrialization
. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2007.

54
Meathead is a well-respected NIN Hotline cartoon satirist who ran a column called “The Meathead Perspective” between 1999 and 2009. An archive of his articles, cartoons, and animations can be found online at
http://www.theninhotline.net/fmeatpers/html/archive.html

55
Carol Poh Miller and Robert Anthony Wheeler, “Cleveland: A Concise History, 1796–1996.”
The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History
. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1997, p. 164.

56
Todd M. Michney, “Race, Violence, and Urban Territoriality:
Cleveland’s Little Italy and the 1966 Hough Uprising.”
Journal of Urban History
(32) 2006, pp. 404–428.

57
“Races: The Jungle & the City.”
Time
, July 29, 1966.

58
Tom Lash, interview with the author, June 2006.

59
Mark Reynolds, “Gerald Levert and the Black Pop Nobody Knows, but Should.” Negritude 2.0,
Pop Matters
, December 4, 2006.

60
Ted Diadiun, “Response to Levert Stories Illuminated our Differences.”
Plain Dealer
, November 26, 2006, p. A2.

61
Rich Exner, “Metro Cleveland is 3rd Nationally in Population Loss: Search the Latest Numbers.” cleveland.com, March 19, 2009.

62
Reznor has admitted to serious drug use during the
Pretty Hate Machine
era, but the song most frequently associated with his drug use is “Sanctified.”

63
Marky Ray, interview with the author, June 2006.

64
Michael Azerrad,
Our Band Could Be Your Life
. Boston, MA: Little, Brown, 2001, pp. 57–8.

65
The film
1991: The Year Punk Broke
(Markey 1992) follows Nirvana and Sonic Youth on their European tour in the midst of the commercial breakthrough for post-punk after a decade of underground obscurity.

66
Jean E. Palmieri, “Hot Topic Goes Platinum.”
DNR
, June 28, 1999, p. 4.

67
John Sonderegger, “Mall Store Selling ‘Satanic Material’ Sparks Controversy Among Officials.”
St. Louis Post-Dispatch
, July 9, 1997, p. 1.

68
Kathleen Pender, “Hot Topic Proves to be a Hot Stock.”
The San Francisco Chronicle
, December 6, 2001, B1.

69
Ellen Willis, “Women and the Myth of Consumerism.”
Ramparts
, 1969. Thanks to Robert Christgau for bringing this essay to my attention in his touching tribute to Ellen Willis at the EMP Pop Conference in 2007. Before Willis was a political writer, she was a pioneer of popular-music criticism. An anthology of her music writing came out in 2011:
Out of the Vinyl Deeps
(University of Minnesota Press).

70
If you’re curious about the queer imagination for Reznor, search out the slash fiction devoted to erotic encounters with or inspired by Trent. See especially “Magnolia” (Aquandrian, 2006).

71
“Americans Agree their Local Shopping Centers and Malls Are Focal Points of their Communities and Solid Community Partners, a New Study by the International Council of Shopping Centers Shows.”
PR Newswire US
, April 19, 2007.

72
The survey was called “Teenagers as Customers: Singing a Different Tune,” and it was released in July 1997. Details about the survey were reported in “Teens Buck Stereotype by Spending Big Buck$ at Malls—Not Just Hangin’ Out: Retails Are Seeing Green.”
Business Wire
, July 21, 1997.

73
Wilson, Marianne. “Kids Shop Where It’s Hot.”
Chain Store Age
. June 1997, p. 31.

74
Todd C. Frankel, and Derek Kravitz, “Teens, Better Bring Mom.”
St. Louis Post-Dispatch
, March 25, 2007, A1.

75
Is it a coincidence that rock critic Robert Christgau called 1994 both the “triumph of a subculture and a generation—the nationwide postpunk bohemia” and the “sorriest year for black music in Pazz & Jop history”?

76
Palmieri, 1999, p. 4.

77
Ibid.

78
Russ Jimenez, interview, April 2007.

79
Pender, 2001, B1.

80
Palmieri, 1999, p. 4.

81
Dan Padavona, “Is Hot Topic Hot Stuff?”
The Motley Fool
, March 12, 2001.

82
Merchandise from the rap artists from Interscope can now be found at Spencer’s.

83
Tracie Rozhon, “The Race to Think Like a Teenager.”
The New York Times
, February 9, 2003.

84
Kate Berry, “Hot Topic Cools Down after Pink Becomes the New Black.”
Los Angeles Business Journal
, July 12, 2004, p. 33.

85
Tom Van Riper, “Last Hurrah for Specialty Retailers?” forbes.com, April 10, 2007.

86
All information is taken directly from the website of C28.com. See
www.c28.com
and follow the links Company/FAQ for information on the contradictions in evangelical teaching and youth retailing.

87
C28 Licensing, “Franchise Requirements.”
http://www.c28.com/franchising/requirements.asp

88
Kamau High, “Teen retailer Hot Topic Expands Music Focus.”
Billboard
, December 7, 2008.

89
James Montgomery, “Weird Web Trail: Conspiracy Theory—Or Marketing for Nine Inch Nails LP?” MTV News, February 15, 2007.

90
Jon Savage laid out the five elements of industrial in 1983 as being 1) organizational autonomy, 2) information war, 3) synthesizers and “anti-music,” 4) non-musical elements like literary techniques, and 5) shock tactics. So really, it took NIN almost two decades to fulfill all the criteria—and they never had all the elements at one time (Juno and Vale, 1983).

91
Eliot Van Buskirk, “Nine Inch Nails Album Generated $1.6 Million in First Week.”
Wired Magazine: Listening Post
, March 13, 2008.

92
Robert Levine, “A Digital Music Store that Sells More than Just MP3s,”
The New York Times
, June 30, 2008.

93
High, 2008.

“Americans Agree their Local Shopping Centers and Malls are Focal Points of their Communities and Solid Community Partners, a New Study by the International Council of Shopping Centers Shows.”
PR Newswire US
, April 19, 2007.

“Chris Vrenna: Confessions of an Audio-Addicted Tweaker.” Audiohead.net, site maintained by Steph Jorgl.
www.audiohead.net/archives/chrisvrenna/

“Famous Mercer Countians: The Top 10 Mercer Countians Who Made a Mark on the World.”
Sharon Herald
, June 23, 2006.
http://sharonherald.com/community/x1208324373/Famous-Mercer-Countians-The-top-10?start:int=90

“Hot Topic Reports Decline in Sales.” ddimagazine.com, March 17, 2006.

“In Tune with Teens.”
Chain Store Age Executive with Shopping Center Age
76 (11): 72.

“Music Violence: How Does it Affect Our Children.” Hearing before the Subcommittee on Oversight of Government Management, Restructuring, and the District of Columbia of the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session, November 6, 1997.

“Punk.”
The Toronto Star
. November 22, 2005, C2.

“Teens Buck Stereotype by Spending Big Buck$ at Malls—Not Just Hangin’ Out: Retails Are Seeing Green”
Business Wire
, July 21, 1997.

“Teen Search.”
Business and Management Practices
. Fairchild Publications, February 19, 1998, pp. 12, 14.

“Terror In Littleton: The Community; Columbine Students Talk of the Disaster and Life.”
The New York Times
, April 30, 1999, p. 27.

Alter, Cathy. “Trendy Teens make Mall their Hip Hangout.”
The Washington Post
, April 12, 2001, T12.

Anderson, Brad (dir.).
The Machinist
. Spain: Fantastic Factory, 2004.

Anton, Genevieve. “Massacre at Columbine High: The Trenchcoat Mafia Outcasts.”
The Advertiser
, April 22, 1999.

Aquandrian. “Magnolia.” (Real Person Slash: Christian Bale/Trent Reznor). livejournal.com, January 30, 2006.
http://community.livejournal.com/baleslash/9591.html

Azerrad, Michael. “Nine Inch Nails.”
Rolling Stone
, February 22, 1990, p. 30.
http://www.theninhotline.net/archives/articles/xart12.shtml

———
Our Band Could Be Your Life: Scenes from the American Indie Underground 1981–1991.
Boston, MA: Little, Brown and Company, 2001.

Baddeley, Gavin.
Goth Chic: A Connoisseur’s Guide to Dark Culture
. Medford, NJ: Plexus Publishing, 2002.

Baca, Ricardo. “Kinkiness has Hit the Mainstream.”
The Denver Post
, June 10, 2003, A1.

Berner, Robert, and Christopher Palmieri. “Just how Deep are those Teen Pockets?”
Business Week
, July 30, 2001, p. 39.

Berry, Kate. “Hot Topic Cools Down after Pink Becomes the New Black.”
Los Angeles Business Journal
, July 12, 2004, p. 33.

Bourdieu, Pierre.
Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste
. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1984.

Brown, Sarah.
Cringe: Teenage Diaries, Journals, Notes, Letters, Poems, and Abandoned Rock Operas
. New York: Crown Publishers, 2008.

Burton, Tim (dir.).
Batman
. United States: Warner Bros., 1989.

C28 Licensing. “Franchise Requirements.”
http://www.c28.com/franchising/requirements.asp

Carby, Hazel. “White Women Listen! Black Feminism and the Boundaries of Sisterhood.” In Heidi Safia Mirza (ed.),
Black British Feminism: A Reader.
London and New York, Routledge, 1982.

Cavicchi, Daniel.
Tramps Like Us: Music & Meaning among Springsteen Fans
. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.

Christgau, Robert. “Hegemony Sez Who? Does ‘Alternative Rock’ Rule or Rool?”
Village Voice
, February 28, 1995.
http://www.robertchristgau.com/xg/pnj/pj94.php

Chytra, Alexander. Home movie of Campbell Works mills. Filmed June 7, 1987 and October 25, 1989. From the collection of the Youngstown Historical Center of Industry and Labor Museum.

Cimino, Michael (dir.).
The Deer Hunter
. United States: EMI Films, 1978.

Clark, Tyler. “Interview: Donna DeBlasio on Steel Museum and Applied History at YSU.”
Youngstown Renaissance
, June 3, 2009.
http://tylersclark.com/blog/2009/06/interview-donna-deblasio-steel-museum-ysu-applied-history/

Clover, Joshua.
1989: Bob Dylan Didn’t Have This to Sing About.
Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2009.

Cohen, Stanley.
Folk Devils and Moral Panics: The Creation of the Mods and Rockers
. London: MacGibbon and Kee, 1972. (3rd ed. London, New York: Routledge, 2002.)

Collins, Karen E. “The Future is Happening Already: Industrial Music, Dystopia, and the Aesthetic of the Machine.” Unpublished dissertation. University of Liverpool, 2002.

Cowie, Jefferson R. and Joseph Heathcott.
Beyond the Ruins: The Meanings of Deindustrialization
. Ithaca: ILR Press, 2003.

Crafts, Susan D., Daniel Cavicchi, Charles Keil, and Music in Daily Life Project.
My Music: Explorations of Music in Daily Life (Music/Culture)
. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England, 1993.

Cross, Alan.
The Making of Pretty Hate Machine and the Downward Spiral
. Burlington, ON: Collector’s Guide Publishing, 1996.

Cullen, David.
Columbine
. New York: Twelve, 2009.

Diadiun, Ted. “Response to Levert Stories Illuminated our Differences.”
Plain Dealer
, November 26, 2006, A2.

Di Perna, Alan. “In the Flesh: Trent Reznor Meets Roger Waters.”
Revolver
3, November 2000.
http://www.theninhotline.net/archives/articles/2000/11.revolver.html

Dougherty, Steve, Tom Alexander, Tom Nugent, and John Hannah. “The Music of Rage.”
People
, February 6, 1995.

Exner, Rich. “Metro Cleveland is 3rd Nationally in Population Loss: Search the Latest Numbers.” cleveland.com, March 19, 2009.
http://www.cleveland.com/datacentral/index.ssf/2009/03/metro_cleveland_is_third_natio.html

Fiscus, Michael. “One of the First NIN Interviews Ever!”
AM Publishing
, February 1996.
http://www.theninhotline.net/archives/articles/xint48.shtml

Foege, Alec. “Scorned, Shunned and Doing Quite Nicely.”
The New York Times
, December 3, 1995.
http://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/03/arts/pop-music-scorned-shunned-and-doing-quite-nicely.html