Mr Briggs' Hat: The True Story of a Victorian Railway Murder (49 page)

269
the good people all happy
:
Braddon,
Lady Audley’s Secret
, p. 355.

269
turn violence into order:
Beth Kalikoff, ‘The Execution of Tess d’Urberville’, Thesing (ed.),
Execution and the British Experience
, p. 111 ff.

270
general
uneasiness
:
Daily Telegraph
, 15 November 1864, p. 2. col. a.

270
sudden and effectual attack
:
Daily Telegraph
, 15 November 1864, p. 2. col. a.

AFTERWORD: CERTAINTY

271
The Times
followed the example of the
Daily Telegraph
:
Bentley,
English Criminal Justice in the Nineteenth Century
, p. 46 ff.

271
diminishing the standards of proof:
Ibid., p. 205.

271
growing feeling against public hanging:
For the different contemporary arguments, see Hill,
The Substitute for Capital Punishment
and Block and Hostettler,
Hanging in the Balance
.

272
Parry believed emphatically:
Report of the Royal Commission on Capital Punishment 1864–66
.

272
when Gathorne Hardy became Home Secretary:
Capital Punishment within Prisons Bill 1867.

272
the feminisation of the mind of the country:
Hansard, House of Commons debate, 21 April 1868. Also Annual Register 1868, p. 17.

272
a wild, rough crowd
:
Description of Barrett’s hanging,
The Times
, 27 May 1864, p. 9.

272
convicts were individuals:
Gatrell,
The Hanging Tree
, p. 590.

272
tide of ever-advancing civilisation
:
Hansard, debate on abolition, 12 June 1877.

273
the defence were given the last word:
Criminal Procedure (Right of Reply) Act 1964.

273
duty of the Crown to disclose material:
Bentley,
English Criminal Justice in the Nineteenth Century
, p. 300.

274
those cramped-up boxes
:
‘Müller, the Railway Murderer’,
New York Times
, 3 December 1864.

274
train
of the American pattern
:
Pendleton,
Our Railways
, vol. 2, p. 210.

274
lest the third-class passenger should take a walking tour
:
Ibid.

274
internal wires which gradually applied the brake:
Spence,
Victorian and Edwardian Railway Travel
, introduction, p. iii.

274
respectability demanded not a victim but the victim
:
Daily Telegraph
, second edition, 14 November 1864, p. 4 col. c.

275
held by the blades
:
The Times
, 16 November 1864, p. 10 col. c.

275
already formed an opinion of Müller’s guilt:
This was questioned by the
New York Times
on 1 December as details of the trial reached America. ‘The Müller Trial’, no page.

275
as eagerly as the rest
:
Daily News
, 10 November 1864, p. 3 col. c.

276
had not done a wilful murder
:
Ibid.

277
frightful mistake
:
Cappel’s letter to
The Times
was widely reprinted and appears in full in the
New York Times
London report of 3 December 1864.

278
one of the most inoffensive and harmless persons
:
Capital Punishment Commission Report 1866, p. x.

278
by any novice in phrenology
:
HO 12/152/63401 (second bundle). Also
Liverpool Mercury
, 19 November 1864. Dr Donovan’s report, ‘Phrenological Examination of Müller’s Head’,
Caledonian Mercury
, 18 November 1864.

278
the true type of the murderer
:
Donovan’s report, op. cit.

279
I confess that I covet your skull
:
Conan Doyle,
The Hound of the Baskervilles
, chapter 1.

280
Horsemonger Lane debtors’ gaol:
Birmingham Daily Post
, 6 December 1864, p. 2 col. g.

280
an odd twist of fate:
MEPO 3/76. See correspondence between 25 November 1864 and 28 March 1865.

280
still quietly petitioning:
HO 13/108.

280
an address remarkably similar:
Observer
, 26 March 1905, p. 3.

281
the Müller cut-down:
Cunnington,
Handbook of English Costume in the Nineteenth Century
, p. 282 ff.

Index

Adams, Charles
104
,
139

Adriatic
(passenger ship)
124–5

Albert, Prince Consort
55–6
,
57

Alexandra, Princess
56

Ames, Benjamin
1–5
,
64
,
84
,
102
,
137
,
206

Anderson (slave)
141

Annis (pawnbroker)
80
,
84
,
93
,
156
,
215

Archer, Samuel William
51
,
129

Asia
(steamship)
156

Atkinson, William
99

Aytoun, James
248

Ballantine, Serjeant William
199–200
,
202
,
206
,
207
,
216

Baltimore
(steamship)
134
,
154
,
156

Barker (pawnbroker)
93
,
156
,
215

Barrett, Michael
272

Battiscombe, Reverend
254
,
256

Beard, Thomas: alarmed by fellow

traveller
116
,
125
; appointed to defend Müller
125
,
152
; Bow Street court hearing
174–6
; character
125
,
126
; collection of evidence
161
; committal hearing
184–5
; defence strategy
190–1
,
273
; inquest interrogations
177–9
,
182–3
; interrogations of Matthews
174–5
,
177–9
,
185
,
217
; last meeting with Müller
257
; Müller charged with murder
167
; Müller’s alibi
161
,
175–6
,
230
; Müller’s appeal proceedings
240
,
245
,
250–3
,
255
,
257
; photograph copyright case
181
; representation of Matthews’ creditors
280
; support for Müller
234

Beebe (ex-judge)
133
,
135
,
142

Blankman, Edmond
136–7
,
139–40
,
141–3
,
147

Blyth, Ellen: Müller’s return on night of murder
151
,
201
; docks identification parade
105
; evidence about Müller’s clothes
75
,
81
,
209
,
216
; evidence about Müller’s hat
244
,
248
,
250–1
,
258
,
275
; evidence at inquest
182
; evidence at trial 209–
10
,
216
,
244
,
248
; evidence in Bow Street court
174
; letter from Müller
76
,
77
,
99
,
111
,
225
; Müller’s lodgings
74
,
167
,
168
,
280
; newspaper reporting of
109
,
114
; questioned by police
74–6
,
280
; Sunday walk with Müller
75
,
210
,
216
,
234
; unaware of Briggs murder
277
; visiting Müller in prison
253

Blyth, George: evidence about Müller’s clothes
209–10
,
216
; evidence about Müller’s hat
244
,
248
,
250–1
,
258
,
275
; evidence at inquest
182
; evidence at trial
209–10
,
216
,
244
,
248
; Müller’s lodgings
74
,
167
,
168
,
280
; Müller’s return on night of murder
151
,
201
; newspaper reporting of
114
; questioned by police
74
,
75
,
280
; Sunday walk with Müller
75
,
210
,
216
,
234
; unaware of Briggs murder
277
; visiting Müller in prison
253