Let Our Fame Be Great (72 page)

Thanks to Helen Conford at Penguin, for agreeing that this book might be a good idea and for being a thoughtful editor and a patient listener, and thanks too to Abbie for introducing me to her. Thanks to Mike Morrogh and David Gee for being bright lights in a dark place, and to Geoffrey Ellis for the encouragement and help.

This book has involved lots of travelling, and I am very grateful to the Winston Churchill Memorial Trust for paying for so much of that. I recommend that anyone reading this who is keen to travel the world should look into asking WCMT for help (
www.wcmt.org.uk
). Thanks also to staff members at the British Library and at the National Archives in Kew.

I have shamelessly exploited the hospitality of people I met while travelling. I have been bought drinks, snacks and meals, and have been taken to weddings, meetings, commemorations and parties despite my travel-stained appearance. Thanks to everyone who helped me, and thanks to those who shared their recollections with me too.

In Moscow, thanks to German Tom for his hospitality, his good company, his inspiring photos and his financial assistance, without which I would have been ruined. In Grozny, thanks to Aslanbek, Arbi and Asya for many good times, and for all your help. In Almaty, thanks to Marusya for fun and a long walk. Thanks also to everyone in Krasnaya Polyana, and above all to Atlan. In Bishkek, thanks to Ivar and Elina for letting me come to your wedding; I wish you happiness together. In Turkey, thanks to Zeynel Besleney, for introducing me to the Circassians. Thanks to Emma for making me feel at home in Istanbul, and thanks also to Aytek in Kayseri, to Ergun, Okan and Setanay in Istanbul, and to Murat in Ankara. In
Jordan, thanks to Zaina for introducing me to everyone I could have hoped to meet, and to Amjad Jaimoukha for his help. In Israel, thanks to Kujan for showing me around, and to everyone in Kfar-Kama. Thanks also to Mark Mackinnon in Jerusalem for teaching me how to play the guitar. In the Czech Republic, thanks to Andrei Babitsky for taking time off to help me out, and for allowing me to see his video. In Dagestan, thanks to Abu-Talib, for being brilliant. In Austria, thanks to Joachim for putting me up. In Belgrade, thanks to Ellie for being great.

Some of my material dates back to the time I worked as a journalist in Moscow, when I was blessed with my colleagues.

At Reuters, thanks to Maria Golovnina, Meg Clothier, Tom Miles, Tom Peter, Ron Popeski, Richard Balmforth, Olga Petrova, Kolya Pavlov, Dima Madorsky, Nino Ivanishvili, Sog Afdjei, Viktor Korotayev, Sergei Karpukhin, Eduard Korniyenko, Kazbek Basayev, Maka Antidze and Niko Mchledishvili. And, outside Reuters, thanks above all to Yana Dlugy and Simon Ostrovsky. I wish all competitors could be like them.

This book is for Adlan Khasanov, who deserved to live for ever. Rest in Peace, my friend.

Page numbers in
italics
refer to maps.

Abadzekhs

Abayeff family

Abazi, Selim

Abdulaziz, Sultan

Abdulkhadzhiev, Aslambek

Abdurakhman (son-in-law and chronicler of Imam Shamil)

Abkhaz language

Abkhazia

Abkhazians

abreks
(outlaws)

Abubakarov, Magomed

Achkhoi-Martan

Adapazari

Adler

Adygea

Afghanistan

Agumba, Jihan

Aguzarov, Tamerlan (judge)

Aideboloff family

Akchakale

Akhtougan

Akhulgo

Akmola

al-Gilani, Suleiman

al-Sadoun, Nasser

Alazani river

Aldridge, Ira

Aldy

Alexander I, Tsar

Alexander II, Tsar

Alexander III, Tsar

Ali bin al-Hussein, Prince

Alimkhadzhiyev, Sultan

Alkhan Yurt

Alkhankala

Almaty

Alps

Altan, Afitap

‘aluminium wars'

Aminat (wife of Imam Shamil)

Amman

Anapa

Anatolia

Andalal

Annenkov, Ivan

Appayev, Taubi

Applebaum, Anne,
Gulag

Arab Legion

Argonauts

Argun

Argun river

Arkhipo-Osipovka

Armenia

Armenian genocide (1915)

Ascherson, Neal,
Black Sea

Assyrians

Astana

asylum seekers, Chechen

Ataturk, Mustafa Kemal

Austria, Chechen population

Austro-Hungarian Empire

Avar language

Avars

Avturi

Aytek (Circassian in Kayseri)

Azerbaijan

Azeris

Azov Sea

Babitsky, Andrei

Baddeley, John F.

Baisiev, Mukhadin

Baisungur (lieutenant of Imam Shamil)

Baksan valley

Baku

Balballi

Balkarokoff family

Balkars

Cherek massacre

culture and folklore

deportation of

discrimination against

ethnicity

excised from reference books

exile in central Asia

government and social organization

homeland

Islam

language

return to Caucasus

uprisings against Soviet collectivization

Westerners' first encounters with

Balkashino

Bammate, Haidar

Baranov, Alexander

Barozzi (Ottoman medical inspector)

Baryatinsky, Prince Alexander

Basayev, Shamil

Bashiev family

Bashkirs

Bedouins

Belarus

Belaya Rechka

Belgatoi

Belgium

Bell, James

Benoi/Benoy

Beria, Lavrenty

Berlin

Berzegov, Murat

Berzhe, Adolf

Beslan school siege (2004)

Kulayev's trials

Bestuzhev, Alexander (‘Alexander Marlinsky')

Bestuzhev-Ryumin, Mikhail

Beybulat

Bezengi

Bibulatov, Khasan ‘Dedushka'

Bichegov-Begoshvili family

Bigaeva, Sveta

bin Laden, Osama

Birsanukayev, Lechi

Bishkek

Bisultanov, Apti

Black Sea

ferries

Blumenbach, Johann Friedrich

Bolsheviks

Borrell, Josep

Bran, Chen

bride-stealing

Britain

and Circassian genocide

claims to control in Caucasus

Crimean War

First World War

and slave trade

tourism in Caucasus

Buddhism

Budyonnovsk hospital siege (1995)

buffalo, Caucasus

Bulgaria

Bursa

Buturlin, Dmitry

Buynaksk

Byron, George, 6th Baron

Canning, Stratford (
later
1st Viscount Stratford de Redcliffe)

Cape Adler

Carinthia

Caspian Sea

Catherine II, the Great, Empress of Russia

Caucasus Cavalry Division

Caucasus Imamate

Caucasus Mountain Republic

Caucasus mountains

Cej, Musa

censorship

Chavchavadze, Prince David

Chavchavadze, Princess Anna

Chavchavadze, Princess Orbeliani

Chechen diaspora

in Austria

in France

in Jordan

in Norway

in Poland

in Turkey

Chechen flag

Chechen language

Chechen National Congress (1990)

Chechen war (1994 – 6)

ceasefire

death toll

destruction of Grozny

outbreak

savagery of

use of torture

Chechen war (1999 – )

announcement of ending of

‘cleansing' of Chechen villages

death toll

destruction of Grozny

effects on other Caucasus peoples

‘filtration camps'

human rights abuses

media coverage

outbreak

psychological effects on children

savagery of

terrorist tactics

use of torture

see also
Beslan school siege

Checheno-Ingushetia

Chechens

blood feuds

criminal gangs

deportation of

exile in Central Asia

folklore and culture

historic conflicts with Russians

independence aims

Islam

Kavkaz (nationalist movement)

lone wolf symbol

migrants and asylum seekers

murdered in Europe

national reawakening

polygamy

refugees

reputation for brutality

return to Caucasus

terrorism

traditional government and social organization

zikr
(prayer ritual)

Chechnya

blackmarket

inter-Chechen wars government

Islamic law

oil wells

Ramzan Kadyrov government

Russian forts

Russian and Soviet expansion into

status as autonomous region

television station

topography

Chegem river

Chegem valley

Cherek massacre (1942)

death toll

investigations, reports and accounts of

memorials to

Cherek river

Cherek valley

Cherkessk

Chernokozovo (‘filtration camp')

Chernomyrdin, Viktor

Chichagova, Maria

Chimkent

Circassia

ancient history

and Crimean War

in mythology

nineteenth-century British travellers' accounts

remaining Circassian population

Russian coastal forts

Russian expansion into

topography

Circassian Congress

Circassian diaspora

International Circassian Congress (1991)

in Iraq

in Israel

in Jordan

in Kosovo

objections to Sochi Winter Olympics

radio and television stations

repatriation to Caucasus

in Syria

in Turkey

in Western Europe and United States

Circassian flag

Circassian genocide (1864)

Circassians' commemoration of

death toll

ill-remembered and unrecognized

Circassian language dialects 36

Circassians

appearance

bride-stealing

criminal clans

folklore

governance and social organization

habze
(code of conduct)

hospitality

Islam

law enforcement

military reputation

Pushkin's descriptions of

remaining in Caucasus

slave trade

slavery

songs

traditional dress

wedding rituals

Clarke, Roger

Clauson, Sir Gerard

climate, Caucasus

CNN (television channel)

Cold War

collectivization, agricultural

Communist Party

10th Congress

20th Congress

Caucasus local divisions

Central Committee

Conquest, Robert,
The Nation Killers

Cossacks

Circassian wars

in Dagestan and Chechnya

Council of Europe

Crimea

Crimean Tatars

Crimean War

Curtiss, John Shelton,
The Russian Army under Nicholas I

Cyprus

Dadi-Yurt

Dagestan

Basayev's invasion

Bestuzhev/Marlinksy's exile in

and Chechen war

opposition to Russian head of tax department

Persian control of

Soviet control of

status as autonomous region

topography

Western travellers to

Dagestanis

blood feuds

emigration

ethnic groups

exiled in Russia

folklore

in Grozny

historic conflicts with Russians

Islam

languages

traditional government and social organization

Daghistani, Gazi-Muhammad

Daghistani, Muhammad Fazil

Daghistani, Tamara

Daniel-Sultan (lieutenant of Imam Shamil)

Dargins

Dargo

Dashayev, Umalt

Day (Chechnya village)

de Fonvielle, Arthur

Debak detention centre

Decembrist uprising (1825)

‘Dedushka'
see
Bibulatov, Khasan

Denisultanov, Khozhbaudi

Derbent

Ditson, George Leighton

Diyner, Sebahattin

Dnepropetrovsk

Dostoyevsky, Fyodor

Dostum, Abdul Rashid

Drancey, Anne

dress, Caucasus national

Dubai

Dubze

Dudayev, Dzhokhar

Dudiyeva, Susanna