Krueger's Men (31 page)

Schellenberg, Walter.
Invasion 1940: The Nazi Invasion Plan for Britain.
London: St. Ermin’s Press, 2000.

———.
The Labyrinth: Memoirs.
Translated by Louis Hagen. New York: Harper, 1956. Reprint, New York: Perseus/Da Capo, 2000.

Schwarzwäller, Wulf C.
Hitlers Geld: Vom armen Kunstmaler zum millionenschweren Führer.
Vienna: Überreuter, 1998.

Sem, Julius, and Joseph Mayer.
Report on Forgery in Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp.
Czechoslovak Ministry of the Interior, Central Criminal Office, Secret Report No. U-395/45, December 15, 1945. Translated into English and published by Jørgen Sømod, Copenhagen, 1981.

Shirer, William L.
Berlin Diary: The Journal of a Foreign Correspondent, 1934–1941.
New York: Knopf, 1941.

Skidelsky, Robert.
John Maynard Keynes.
Vol. 2,
The Economist as Saviour, 1920–1937.
Vol. 3,
Fighting for Freedom, 1937–1946.
New York: Viking Penguin, 2000–2001.

Sofsky, Wolfgang.
The Order of Terror: The Concentration Camp.
Translated by William Templer. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1997.

Speer, Albert.
Inside the Third Reich: Memoirs.
New York: Macmillan, 1970.

Spier, Arthur, comp.
The Comparative Hebrew Calendar. Twentieth to Twenty-second Century, 5660–5860, 1900–2100.
New York and Jerusalem: Feldheim, 1986.

Steinbeck, John.
Steinbeck: A Life in Letters.
Edited by Elaine Steinbeck and Robert Wallsten. New York: Viking, 1975.

Taylor, James, and Warren Shaw.
The Penguin Dictionary of the Third Reich.
New York: Penguin, 1997.

Tenenbaum, Joseph E.
Legacy and Redemption: A Life Renewed.
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Holocaust Museum Holocaust Survivors’ Memoirs Project, 2005.

Thyssen, Fritz.
I Paid Hitler.
New York: Farrar & Rinehart, 1941.

Weitz, John.
Hitler’s Banker: Hjalmar Horace Greeley Schacht.
Boston: Little, Brown, 1997.

West, Nigel.
MI6: British Secret Intelligence Service Operations, 1909–1945.
New York: Random House, 1983.

Wiesenthal, Simon.
Justice, Not Vengeance.
Translated by Ewald Osers. New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1989.

Wighton, Charles, and Günter Peis.
Hitler’s Spies and Saboteurs: Based on the German Secret Service War Diary of General Lahousan.
New York: Holt, 1958.

Wires, Richard.
The Cicero Spy Affair: German Access to British Secrets in World War II.
Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1999.

J
OURNALS

Allen, Charles R., Jr. “The Vatican and the Nazis: Secret La Vista Report Reveals How Barbie and Other Nazi War Criminals Escaped Justice via ‘Monastery Routes.’”
Reform Judaism
11, no. 2 (1983): 4–5.

Bloom, Murray Teigh. “Uncle Sam: Bashful Counterfeiter.”
International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence
2, no. 3 (1988): 345–58.

Bower, Peter. “Operation Bernhard: The German Forgery of British Paper Currency in World War II.”
The Exeter Papers: Proceedings of the British Association of Paper Historians Fifth Annual Conference, Hope Hall, University of Exeter, 23–26 September 1994. Studies in British Paper History II
(1994): 43–64. Edited by Peter Bower. London: Plough Press, 2001.

Bradsher, Greg. “A Time to Act: The Beginning of the Fritz Kolbe Story, 1900–1943.”
Prologue,
National Archives and Records Administration, 34, no. 1 (Spring 2002).

Braham, Randolph L. “The Nazi Collaborator with a Jewish Heart: The Strange Saga of Jaac van Harten.”
East European Quarterly
35, no. 4 (Winter 2001): 411–34.

[CIA History Staff]. “Wilhelm Hoettl: International Man of Mystery.”
Bulletin,
Center for the Study of Intelligence, no. 12 (Fall 2001).
www.cia.gov/csi/bulletin/csi12.html#toc8
.

Deflem, Mathieu. “The Logic of Nazification: The Case of the International Criminal Police Commissions (‘Interpol’).”
International Journal of Comparative Sociology
43, no. 1 (2002): 21–44.
www.cas.sc.edu/socy/faculty/deflem/znazinterpol.htm
.

Friedman, Herbert A. “British Espionage Forgeries of the First World War.”
American Philatelist
87, no. 9 (September 1973).
www.psywarrior.com/BritishForgeriesWWI.html
.

———. “Conversations with a Master Forger.”
Scott’s Monthly Stamp Journal
61, no. 1 (1980).
www.psywar.org/forger.php
.

———. “A WW I British Forgery.”
International Banknote Society Journal
25, no. 4 (1986).

Groom, Nick. “Original Copies; Counterfeit Forgeries.”
Critical Quarterly
43, no. 2 (2001): 6–18.

Kallenborn, J. W. “An International Counterfeiting Champion.”
International Criminal Police Review,
no. 133 (August–September 1957): 209–18.

———. “A Visit to the Interpol Counterfeits and Forgeries Museum.”
International Criminal Police Review,
no. 39 (July 1950): 71–77.

Lengwiler, Yvan. “A Model of Money Counterfeits.”
Journal of Economics (Zeitschrift für Nationalokonomie)
65, no. 2 (1997): 123–32.

Ruffner, Kevin C. “Shifting from Wartime to Peacetime Intelligence Operations: On the Trail of Nazi Counterfeiters (Secret//X1).” Central Intelligence Agency
Studies in Intelligence
48 (2002): 51–53.

P
ERIODICALS

Altig, David E. “Why Is Stable Money Such a Big Deal?”
Economic Commentary,
Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, May 1, 2002.

Bank of England.
Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin,
June 1967.

“Das Geheimnis um Prof. Zotow: Banknotenfälscher oder Erfinder eines physikalisch-chemischen Verfahrens zum Schutze der Banknoten gegen Fälschungen?”
Schweizer Illustrierte,
January 12, 1949.

Goldin, Milton. “Financing the SS: Nazi Industry, and Plunder of Jewish Assets, Led by Heinrich Himmler.”
History Today,
June 1, 1998.

International Criminal Police Organization.
Contrefaçons et falsifications.
Paris, [195?].

———.
International Criminal Police Review.
Saint Cloud [France], September 1946.

Kempner, Robert M. W. “The Highest Paid Spy in History.”
Reader’s Digest,
June 1950, reprinted from
Saturday Evening Post,
January 28, 1950.

Kruger [
sic
], Bernhard, as told to Murray Teigh Bloom. “I Was the World’s Greatest Counterfeiter,”
American Weekly,
June 8 and 15, 1958.

Löhde, Wolfgang, and Michael Horbach. “Geld wie Heu.”
Der Stern,
August 8, 1959, 18; August 15, 20; August 22, 18; August 29, 22; September 5, 34; September 12, 48; September 19, 46; September 26, 52; October 3, 64; October 10, 56; October 17, 72; October 24, 74; October 31, 64.

McNally, George J., with Frederic Sondern, Jr. “The Great Nazi Counterfeit Plot.”
Reader’s Digest,
July 1952, 25–31.

Steinbeck, John. “The Secret Weapon We Were AFRAID to Use.”
Collier’s,
January 10, 1953, 9–13.

D
ISSERTATION

Delgado, Arturo Raphael. “Counterfeit Reich: Operation Andrew, Operation Bernhard and SS-SD Finance.” Master’s thesis, Central Missouri State University, 2002.

N
EWSPAPERS

England

Daily Express
(London)

Daily Mail
(London)

Daily Telegraph

Evening Standard
(London)

Financial Times
(London)

International Herald Tribune

The Sunday Times
(London)

The Times
(London)

Germany

Frankfurter Rundschau

Israel

Ha’aretz

Jerusalem Post

Switzerland

National Zeitung

United States

Boston Globe

New York Times

Seattle Times

Washington Evening Star

Washington Post

Washington Times-Herald

I
NTERNET
S
OURCES

Friedman, Herbert A. “British Forgeries of the Stamps and Banknotes of the Central Power.”
www.psywarrior.com/BritishForgeriesWWI.html

“The Greatest Theft in History.” BBC News, December 1, 1997.
news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/special_report/1997/nazi_gold/35981.stm

Heller, Friedrich Paul.
Die Geschäfte von Friedrich Schwend und Klaus Barbie,
2001.
www.idgr.de/texte/geschichte/ns-taeter/barbie/schwend-barbie.php

Holocaust Through Art (forger Leo Haas).
http://art.holocaust-education.net/

ODESSA: Organisation der ehemaligen (oder entlassenen) SS-Angehörigen.
http://lexicon.idgr.de/o/o_d/odessa/odessa.php

Schloss Labers.
www.labers.it/english/home.htm

Friedrich Schwend.
http://lexikon.idgr.de/s/s_c/schwend-friedrich/schwend-friedrich.php

T
ELEVISION
D
OCUMENTARIES

The Great Nazi Cash Swindle.
Channel 4, London, 2004.

“Hitler’s Lake.” Scott Pelley,
60 Minutes II,
CBS, 2000.
http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2000/11/21/60II/main251320.shtml

Tauchfahrt in die Vergangenheit: Der Fluch des Toplitzsees
(Dive into the Past: The Curse of Lake Toplitz). ZDF, Germany, 2003.
http://www.zdf.de/ZDFde/inhalt/16/0,1872,2061456,00.html

A
PPENDIX

T
HE
F
ORGERS OF
O
PERATION
B
ERNHARD

T
he prisoners of Operation Bernhard are usually listed by numbers copied from the Sachsenhausen Register because, even though the copies contain some duplications and omissions, the list gives the best approximation of the order of their arrival. The list in this appendix was created from the entries into the handwritten Mauthausen Register of Inmates as the surviving 137 men of Operation Bernhard were processed into Mauthausen on April 13, 1945. (NARA RG 242, A-3355 Mauthausen, roll 13, p. 841 et seq.). Insofar as it was possible, the names have been reconciled with the typed Mauthausen card index that can be accessed online via the Yad Vashem Central Database of Shoah Victims’ Names (
www.yadvashem.org
). Most of the cards include the names of family members. Variant spellings, especially in Polish, are retained to facilitate online access and therefore may not match names as spelled in the text of this book, which have been taken mainly from memoirs and official Allied reports. Places of birth and residence as well as citizenship are spelled in this appendix as they are found in the Mauthausen Register. Litzmannstadt, for example, was not converted to Łodz; the citizenship is given, as in the Register, as DR
(Deutsches Reich)
rather than Poland.

The Register lists some prisoners from Austria, France, and the Baltic states as “DR” but when areas of these countries have been incorporated into Hitler’s Reich, the original country appears in brackets. Men from Norway and Holland, for example, retain their country of origin. Czechoslovakia had ceased to exist as a nation and was split into the Nazis’ Czech Protectorate and the puppet state of Slovakia, just as Yugoslavia was partly dismembered with a puppet regime of Croatia.

The names of five men do not appear in the Mauthausen Register because the men were executed after becoming ill while at Sachsenhausen. These men are believed to have been: (1) Pjotr/Isaak Sukenik/Sukiennik, a young man from Białystok who contracted tuberculosis and was murdered about February 15, 1945; (2) Jizchok Fingerut; (3) Abraham Kleinfeld of Vienna; (4) Ernest/Arnost Stastny of Brno; and (5) Heinrich Sonnenthal (b. 1920). A sixth man, Herman Gütig, was executed for burning pound notes in Block 18/19. The last prisoner to be executed for illness, Karl Sussman of Vienna, does appear in the Register because he was not murdered until May 1, 1945, two weeks after his registration. Most have calculated 144 as the total number of prisoners who passed through Block 19, but it is likely that Sussman was counted twice, which would make the total 143, although the precise number will probably never be known.