Read Katherine the Queen: The Remarkable Life of Katherine Parr Online
Authors: Linda Porter
Katherine the Queen: The Remarkable Life of Katherine Parr (55 page)
15
David Starkey has suggested that there might have been illness in Elizabeth’s household and that she had been required to wait in a form of quarantine until any danger to others was passed. See David Starkey,
Elizabeth
(London, 2001). Katherine’s apartments at St James’s had been prepared for her during the time Elizabeth was actually there, though it is not clear whether the queen used them.
See L&P
, 19, ii, 688.
16
Elizabeth I,
Collected Works
.
17
Edward was at Hampton Court at the express instruction of his father the king, who apparently felt it was the safest place for him.
Nine18
L&P
, 19, ii. 58.
– Regent of England
1
John Knox,
The First Blast of the Trumpet against the Monstrous Regiment of Women
, 1558. Elizabeth I, though not a Catholic, was highly displeased by Knox’s work and his attempts to apologize to her fell on stony ground.
2
See below, Chapter 10.
3
ODNB
entry for Thomas Thirlby.
4
NA, SP 1/12.
5
Cal SP Spanish
, 7, pt ii, 56.
6
In his final despatch from England, Eustace Chapuys gives a detailed account of his last meeting with Katherine which began with the queen saying that the king had discussed the ambassador’s departure with her the night before.
7
Cal SP Spanish
, 7, pt i, 46.
8
Cal SP Spanish
, 7, pt ii, 156.
9
Luke MacMahon, ‘The English Invasion of France in 1544’ (University of Warwick, M.Phil. thesis, 1992).
10
Cal SP Spanish.
, 7, pt ii, 124.
11
Ibid., 68.
12
Printed in Betty S. Travitsky and Patrick Cullen, eds.,
The Early Modern Englishwoman: A Facsimile Library of Essential Works
: Part 1,
Printed Writings, 1500–1640
(Aldershot, 1997), Vol. 3:
Katherine Parr
.
13
BL Cotton MS, Caligula E4, f. 55.
14
Cal SP Spanish
, 7, 148. See James,
Kateryn Parr
.
15
L&P
, 19, i, 943.
16
L&P
, 19, ii, 39.
17
L&P
, 19, ii, 231 and 332.
18
BL Lansdowne MS 1236, f. 9, quoted in James,
Kateryn Parr
.
19
L&P
, 19, ii, 201.
20
L&P
, 19, ii, 251.
Ten21
The prayer is printed in its entirety in Travitsky and Cullen,
Katherine Parr
.
– The Queen’s Gambit
1
Cal SP Spanish
, 8, 51.
2
The will of Margaret Neville, NA, PROB 11 Alen, printed in full in James,
Kateryn Parr
.
3
BL Lansdowne MS 76, art. 81, f. 182.
4
See Chapter 8.
5
Bernard,
The King’s Reformation
.
6
ODNB
2004.
7
The order that the new litany be used in every parish in the realm was made on 11 June 1544.
8
See James,
Kateryn Parr
.
9
From the preface to
The First Tome or Volume of the Paraphrase of Erasmus upon the New Testament
, imprinted in London at Fleet Street at the sign of the sun by Edward Whitchurch, the last day of January 1548.
10
Quotations are from the facsimile edition of Katherine Parr’s
The Lamentation of a Sinner
, in Travitsky and Cullen,
Katherine Parr
.
11
These comments sit uncomfortably beside the earnest attempts of feminist historians to capture Katherine as a sort of sixteenth-century feminist icon. Much ink was spilt in the 1990s by (mostly) American academics on Katherine’s writings.
12
Elizabeth I,
Collected Works
.
13
Starkey,
Six Wives
.
14
King Henry VIII’s speech in parliament, Edward Hall,
Chronicle
(London, 1809 edition).
15
The Correspondence of Matthew Parker
, the Parker Society, vol. 49, from the Parker MSS in Corpus Christi College, University of Cambridge.
16
Cal SP Spanish
, 8, 204.
17
J. G. Nichols, ed.,
Narratives of the Days of the Reformation
, Camden Society, Old Series, 77 (1859). The writer quoted is the Jesuit priest Robert Persons, commenting many years later, and from a far from objective viewpoint.
18
The reference to Lady Lane is often mistaken for ‘Lady Jane’ and thought to be Lady Jane Grey. But Foxe’s text is quite clear. Jane Grey probably did attend court from time to time with her mother during the period that Katherine Parr was married to Henry but apart from the inherent unlikelihood of a ten-year-old girl being involved in this desperate mission (even supposing it to be true), she does not figure in John Foxe’s account.
19
The story in its entirety appears in Foxe,
Acts and Monuments
.
20
Lady Tyrwhit, however, was still alive. She did not die until 1578. Her subsequent reporting of Katherine’s own deathbed is not, however, entirely reliable and her strong Protestant faith would have given her motive to embroider these earlier events.
21
Crome was something of a serial recanter, but his behaviour was prompted by a belief that reform would prosper through the survival of its adherents, rather than their martyrdom. His behaviour here follows the same pattern as Thomas Cranmer’s ten years later, the main difference being that Cranmer was burnt and Crome, who survived the Marian persecutions, died of natural causes early in the reign of Elizabeth I.
22
Ryrie,
The Gospel and Henry VIII
.
23
Foxe,
Acts and Monuments
.
24
Foxe,
Acts and Monuments
.
25
James,
Kateryn Parr
.
26
NA, E101/424/12, f. 157.
27
Robert Hutchinson,
The Last Days of Henry VIII
(London, 2005).
28
L&P
, 21, ii, 20 and 136.
29
Ibid., ii, 686.
30
Ibid., item 92, 1383.
31
Cal SP Spanish
, 8, 370.
32
L&P
, 21, ii, 684.
33
The names of Westminster and Whitehall were sometimes used interchangeably. Westminster had been a separate palace but was damaged by fire and abandoned at the beginning of Henry VIII’s reign.
Eleven34
Hutchinson,
The Last Days of Henry VIII
.
– The Secrets of Spring
1
NA, LC2/2, f. 4.
2
For a full description of Henry VIII’s funeral, see Hutchinson,
The Last Days of Henry VIII
, ch. 10.
3
L&P
, 21, ii, 634.
4
There has been much discussion over the validity of Henry VIII’s will and whether it was altered after his death. See E. W. Ives, ‘Henry VIII’s Will – A Forensic Conundrum’,
Historical Journal
, 25 (1992) and Porter,
Mary Tudor
.
5
The duke of Norfolk, England’s premier noble, awaited execution at the time of Henry VIII’s death. His fate hung in the balance during the three days before Henry’s demise was announced. Discussions about it may also have played a part in the delay. Norfolk was spared the block but kept prisoner in the Tower of London.
6
NA, E101/426/3, ff. 6 and 23.
7
Historical Manuscripts Commission,
Calendar of the Manuscripts of the most Honourable the Marquis of Salisbury
, K.G.,
preserved at Hatfield House
, Hertfordshire. Part 1, 1883, no 220.
8
BL MS Harleian 5087, f. 14, printed in Halliwell,
Letters of the Kings of England
, vol. 2.
9
L&P
, 19, ii, 501, item 2: ‘The meetest place for the king’s great ships to lie is thought to be at the Isle of Wight from whence, if the Frenchmen would stop the passage betwixt Dover and Boulogne or Calais, the king’s ships may cut between them and their own coast, and so drive them to fight, or else go to Flanders or Scotland.’
10
Dent-Brocklehurst MS, Sudeley Castle.
11
Printed in James,
Kateryn Parr
.
12
Bodleian Library, Ashmolean MS 1729; James,
Kateryn Parr
.
13
James,
Kateryn Parr
.
14
Bodleian Library, Rawlinson MS D.1070.4 and NA, SP 10/1, f. 43; James,
Kateryn Parr
.
15
BL Lansdowne MS 1236, f. 26. Porter,
Mary Tudor
.
16
Printed in Strype,
Ecclesiastical Memorials
, vol. 2, pt. 1.
17
J. G. Nichols, ed.,
The Literary Remains of King Edward VI
(Roxburghe Club, 1857), vol. 1, no. 46.