Jihad Joe (37 page)

3.
Wright,
The Looming Tower
, 109–110.

4.
USA v. Omar Abdel Rahman et al.
, S5 93 Cr. 181, July 13, 1995, Testimony of Khaled Ibrahim.

5.
An Interview with Tamim Adnani, Director of the Mujahideen Service Office in Afghanistan
(Lawrence Islamic Video, 1988), obtained by the author.

6.
Wright,
The Looming Tower
, 110.

7.
Letter from Osama bin Laden to Abu Ridah Al Suri, spring 1987. The letter was part of a collection of al Qaeda documents known as the “Tareekh Osama” file, which were recovered from an al Qaeda hard drive seized by the FBI in Bosnia and obtained by the author.

8.
Wright,
The Looming Tower
, 115–117.

9.
Minutes of an August 11, 1988, meeting, formation of al Qaeda, Tareekh Osama files. See also Wright,
The Looming Tower
, 131–132, 402n. Bayazid denied attending the meeting, but the denial must be measured against the document evidence, including the handwritten meeting minutes, obtained by the author. Wright notes Bayazid's denial, but his account describes Bayazid as being present at the meeting and recording the minutes.

10.
Peter Bergen,
The Osama bin Laden I Know
(New York: Free Press, 2006), 92.

11.
Steve Coll,
Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001
(New York: Penguin Press, 2004), 204.

12.
Minutes of an August 11, 1988, meeting, formation of al Qaeda, Tareekh Osama files.

13.
Minutes of an August 20, 1988, meeting, formation of al Qaeda, Tareekh Osama files.

14.
US v. Usama bin Laden et al
., S(7) 98 Cr. 1023, Indictment, November 5, 1998, Superseding Indictment, S(10) 98 Cr. 1023 (LBS), undated.

15.
Undated El Hage al Qaeda application, Tareekh Osama files. The document lists El Hage's age as twenty-eight, which puts the application around 1988, making El Hage one of the first members.

16.
FBI FD-302 Record of Interrogation, Wadih El Hage, September 23, 1997.

17.
Oriana Zill, “A Portrait of Wadih El Hage, Accused Terrorist,”
PBS Frontline
website,
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/inladen/upclose/elhage.html
, retrieved June 17, 2010; Kevin Peraino and Evan Thomas,
“Odyssey into Jihad,”
Newsweek
, January 14, 2002; and undated El Hage al Qaeda application, Tareekh Osama files.

18.
USA v. Usama bin Laden
, S(7) 98 Cr. 1023, February 6, 2001, and subsequent days, Testimony of Jamal Al Fadl.

19.
Wright,
The Looming Tower
, 110.

20.
Photographs retrieved from an al Qaeda computer seized in Bosnia, obtained by the author.

21.
USA v. Daniel Patrick Boyd, et al.
, 5:09cr216-1FL, Indictment, July 22, 2009.

22.
Surveillance audio, retrieved June 17, 2010,
http://www.investigativeproject.org/1357/05-20-2009-140800-141005mp3
.

23.
Surveillance audio, retrieved June 17, 2010,
http://www.investigativeproject.org/1359/06-10-2009-124355-124600mp3
.

24.
Tom Hays and Sharon Theimer, “Egyptian Agent Worked with Green Berets, bin Laden,”
Associated Press
, December 31, 2001.

25.
USA v Ali Mohamed
, S(7) 98 Cr. 1023 (LBS), Plea Hearing, October 20, 2000.

26.
Montasser Al Zayat,
The Road to Al Qaeda: The Story of Bin Laden's Right-Hand Man
(Sterling, Virginia: Pluto Press, 2003), 45, 54.

27.
This analysis runs counter to some conventional wisdom, which holds that al Qaeda and EIJ merged at a much later date. Yet the testimony of Jamal Al Fadl and other al Qaeda members clearly shows how closely intertwined the two organizations were. It may be helpful to think of EIJ as al Qaeda's special forces branch—in some respects, a distinct operation but still clearly part of the same army.

28.
Benjamin Weiser and James Risen, “The Masking of a Militant: A Special Report,”
New York Times
, December 1, 1998.

29.
Interviews with former CIA analyst Michael Scheuer, October 27, 2008, and August 18, 2009;
Triple-Cross: Bin Laden's Spy in America
(National Geographic Video, 2007). The author was the lead researcher for this television documentary, and a small amount of unpublished material from that project is referenced throughout under this citation.

30.
Weiser and Risen, “The Masking of a Militant: A Special Report.”

31.
Andrew Martin and Michael J. Berens, “Terrorists Evolved in U.S.: 2 Egyptians Set Stage for Attacks,”
Chicago Tribune
, December 11, 2001.

32.
Bergen,
The Osama bin Laden I Know
, 103.

33.
Triple Cross
(video).

34.
Ibid.; Weiser and Risen, “The Masking of a Militant: A Special Report.”

35.
USA v. Rahman
, S5 93 Cr. 181, Nosair Exhibit JJJ-1 (Ali Mohamed video).

36.
USA v Ali Abdelseoud Mohamed
, Affidavit of Daniel Coleman, September 1998.

37.
Al Zayat,
The Road to Al Qaeda
, 37; Wright,
The Looming Tower
, 409n; and T5 B7 Analysis of Immigration Status of Pre-9-11 Terrorists Fdr-Entire Contents 196, retrieved July 18, 2010,
http://www.scribd.com/doc/16729114/T5-B7-Analysis-of-Immigration-Status-of-Pre911-Terrorists-Fdr-Entire-Contents-196
.

38.
USA v. Rahman
, S5 93 Cr. 181, multiple exhibits.

39.
The Al Qaeda Manual
, retrieved June 19, 2010,
http://www.justice.gov/ag/manualpart1_1.pdf
, Paul Butler, PDASD (SO/LIC),
Briefing on Detainee Operations at Guantanamo Bay
, U.S. Department of Defense, Office of the Assistant Secretary
of Defense (Public Affairs), retrieved June 19, 2010,
http://www.defense.gov/transcripts/transcript.aspx?transcriptid=2071
.

40.
USA v. Omar Abdel Rahman et al.
, S5 93 Cr. 181, Testimony of Khaled Ibrahim.

41.
John Miller and Michael Stone with Chris Mitchell,
The Cell: Inside the 9/11 Plot and Why the FBI and CIA Failed to Stop It
(New York: Hyperion, 2003), 48–49; Nexis address search. By coincidence, the author lived in the same neighborhood at approximately the same time.

42.
Author interviews with Tom Corrigan, June 24, 2008, through June 23, 2010, inclusive.

43.
Author interviews with Alia Rashid, June 26, 2008, and October 23, 2008.

44.
US v. Usama bin Laden et al
., S(7) 98 Cr. 1023, February 15, 2001.

45.
Zak Ebrahim speech at the 2010 Student Peace Alliance National Conference, February 26, 2010, Southwestern University, Georgetown, Texas, retrieved August 20, 2010,
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VnDHorm0DjM
.

46.
USA v. Omar Abdel Rahman et al.
, S5 93 Cr. 181, Testimony of Khaled Ibrahim.

47.
USA v. El Atriss
, no case number, bail hearing (sealed), November 19, 2002, Testimony of Det. Sgt. Fred Ernst. Transcript provided by attorney Louis Pashman, representing New Jersey media plaintiffs. Nexis address search for 2828 Kennedy Ave., Jersey City, N.J.

48.
Miller and Stone,
The Cell
, 51.

49.
Scattered reports have indicated that the United States may have brought some of these mujahideen to the United States and covertly sponsored or facilitated their training. I have not been able to authenticate these reports; however, Jamal Al Fadl claimed to have traveled to the United States in 1985 for “Islamic military training.” This fact was stipulated to by prosecutors in
US v. Usama bin Laden
, presumably to keep the details from coming out in open court.
US v. Usama bin Laden, et al.
, S(7) 98 Cr. 1023, April 30, 2001, Stipulation.

50.
Author interview with retired FBI agent Robert Stauffer, June 10, 2010.

51.
Confidential interview with retired FBI agent, June 21, 2010.

52.
Author interviews with Tom Corrigan, June 24, 2008, through June 23, 2010, inclusive.

53.
Ibid.; interview with former FBI agent Christopher Voss, June 20, 2008; and
USA v. Rahman
, S5 93 Cr. 181, court transcript, February 7, 1995, and others.

1.
See
http://www.baseball-reference.com/bullpen/Sam_Khalifa
, retrieved August 23, 2010.

2.
Abu Ameenah Bilal Philips,
The Quran's Numerical Miracle, 19 Hoax and Heresy
(Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: Abul Qasin Publications, 1987); Zahir Uddin Siddiqui, “Ye Who Believe!”
Muslim World League Journal
(November 1977).

3.
Philips,
The Quran's Numerical Miracle, 19 Hoax and Heresy
.

4.
Abdullah Bin Baz et al.,
In Defence of the Quran and Sunnah
(Canada: Maglis of Al Haq Publication Society, 1985).

5.
FBI FD-302 Record of Interrogation, Wadih El Hage, September 23, 1997.

6.
Jamie Komarnicki, “Accused Not Reliably Linked to Crime Scene of Imam, Court Hears,”
Edmonton
(
Alberta
)
Journal
, September 5, 2009.

7.
Daryl Slade, “Alleged Murderer Ordered Deported; Charged with Killing Imam in 1990,”
Calgary
(
Alberta
)
Herald
, October 17, 2009.

8.
Grand Jury Testimony, Wadih El Hage, New York City, September 24, 1997, read into court record during
USA v. bin Laden
, S(7) 98 Cr. 1023, February 15, 2001.

9.
Colorado Attorney General, “Information Regarding Colorado's Investigation and Prosecution of Members of Jamaat Ul Fuqra,” retrieved July 22, 2010,
http://web.archive.org/web/20080718193618/http://www.ago.state.co.us/pr/121001_link.cfm.html
, Eric Sagara, “Man Arrested in '90 Slaying of Religious Leader at Local Mosque,”
Tucson Citizen
, April 29, 2009.

10.
John Kane and April Wall, “Identifying the Links between White-Collar Crime and Terrorism,” study written with a grant from the U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice, September 2004, 29.

11.
Kevin Martin and Nadia Moharib, “DNA Links Suspect to Calgary; Community Residents Shocked to Hear They Lived Near Accused Killer of Arizona Scholar,”
Calgary
(
Alberta
)
Sun
, July 22, 2010.

12.
Colorado Attorney General, “Information Regarding Colorado's Investigation and Prosecution of Members of Jamaat Ul Fuqra.”

13.
Author interviews with Tom Corrigan, June 24, 2008, through June 23, 2010, inclusive.

14.
Patterns of Global Terrorism 1999
, Department of State, Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism (Washington, DC: Department of State Publications, April 2000); David Kohn, “Sheik Gilani: CBS' Man in Pakistan Tracks Him Down,”
60 Minutes
website, March 13, 2002, retrieved September 6, 2010,
http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2002/03/13/60II/main503644.shtml
.

15.
Lee Berthiaume, “The Untold Story of Hasanville's Shadowy Past,”
Ottawa
(
Ontario
)
Citizen
, May 4, 2002.

16.
Christopher Heffelfinger, “Evaluating the Terrorist Threat Posed by African-American Muslim Groups,”
CTC Sentinel
, May 2008.

17.
Interviews with former CIA analyst Michael Scheuer, October 27, 2008, and August 18, 2009.

18.
Author interviews with Tom Corrigan, June 24, 2008, through June 23, 2010, inclusive.

19.
Colorado Attorney General, “Information Regarding Colorado's Investigation and Prosecution of Members of Jamaat Ul Fuqra.”

20.
Kane and Wall, “Identifying the Links between White-Collar Crime and Terrorism.”

21.
Interviews with former CIA analyst Michael Scheuer, October 27, 2008, and August 18, 2009; author interviews with Tom Corrigan, June 24, 2008, through June 23, 2010, inclusive.

22.
T5 B7 Analysis of Immigration Status of Pre-9-11 Terrorists Fdr- Entire Contents 196, retrieved July 18, 2010,
http://www.scribd.com/doc/16729114/T5-B7-Analysis-of-Immigration-Status-of-Pre911-Terrorists-Fdr-Entire-Contents-196
.

23.
USA v. Rahman
, S5 93 Cr. 181, court transcript, Testimony of Ali Shinawy, July 11, 1995.

24.
USA v. Rahman
, S5 93 Cr. 181, court transcript, April 3, 1995; see also John Miller and Michael Stone with Chris Mitchell,
The Cell: Inside the 9/11 Plot and Why the FBI and CIA Failed to Stop It
(New York: Hyperion, 2003).

25.
Neil MacFarquhar, “In Jail or Out, Sheik Preaches Views of Islam,”
New York Times
, October 2, 1995.

26.
Montasser Al Zayat,
The Road to Al Qaeda: The Story of Bin Laden's Right-Hand Man
(Sterling, Virgnia: Pluto Press, 2003), 27 et al.

27.
Richard Bernstein,
Out of the Blue: The Story of September 11, 2001, from Jihad to Ground Zero
(New York: Macmillan, 2002), 438.

28.
Omar Abdel Rahman,
The Present Rulers and Islam: Are They Muslims or Not?
(Kuwait: 1988).

29.
State Department Cable, “Summary of Conversations with a Member of ‘The Islamic Group' AKAAl Jihad,” CAIRO 09476, dated April 25, 1989, obtained by the author through the Freedom of Information Act.