Jesus Triumphant (Chronicles of the Nephilim Book 8) (48 page)

[107]
Clinton E. Arnold,
Zondervan Illustrated Bible Backgrounds Commentary: Romans to Philemon., vol. 3
(Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2002), 387.

[108]
For a brief introduction to Hades, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_underworld

[109]
“Sheol,”
DDD
, p 768.

[110]
See also Isa. 7:11; Matt. 11:23; Phil 2:10; Rev. 5:3, 13; 1Pet 2:4-5.

[111]
“The ideas of the grave and of Sheol cannot be separated…The dead are at the same time in the grave and in Sheol…Where there is grave, there is Sheol, and where there is Sheol, there is grave.” Theodore J. Lewis, “Dead, Abode of the,” ed. David Noel Freedman,
The Anchor Yale Bible Dictionary
(New York: Doubleday, 1992), 103.

[112]
P. K. McCarter Jr., “Shades,” ed. Geoffrey W. Bromiley,
The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, Revised
(Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1979–1988), 440.

[113]
James H. Charlesworth,
The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha
, vol. 1 (New York; London: Yale University Press, 1983), 511.

[114]
Mark S. Smith, “Rephaim,” ed. David Noel Freedman,
The Anchor Yale Bible Dictionary
(New York: Doubleday, 1992), 674-75.

[115]
Philip S. Johnston,
Shades of Sheol: Death and Afterlife in the Old Testament
, (Downers Grove: IL, InterVarsity, 2002), 128-130.

[116]
Michael S. Heiser,
The Unseen Realm
(Bellingham: WA, Lexham, 2005), 267-271; Jimmy R. Watson,
The Religious History of Banias and Its Contribution to an Understanding of the Petrine Confession
(Hardin-Simmons University, Master’s Thesis, 1989). 87; George W. E. Nicklesburg, “Enoch, Levi, and Peter: Recipients of Revelation in Upper Galilee,” Journal of Biblical Literature 100 (December 1981): 598.

[117]
Wars of the Jews
1:405, Flavius Josephus and William Whiston,
The Works of Josephus: Complete and Unabridged
(Peabody: Hendrickson, 1987).

[118]
Kim Papaioannou,
The Geography of Hell in the Teaching of Jesus: Gehenna, Hades, the Abyss, the Outer Darkness Where There Is Weeping and Gnashing of Teeth
(Eugene, OR: Pickwick Publications, 2013), 112. Richard Bauckham,
The Fate of the Dead: Studies on the Jewish and Christian Apocalypses
, (Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 1998), 101.

[119]
1.25 ταρταρόω [
tartaroo
] Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene Albert Nida.
Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament : Based on Semantic Domains
. electronic ed. of the 2nd edition. New York: United Bible societies, 1996. Bauckham, Richard J. Vol. 50,
Word Biblical Commentary : 2 Peter, Jude
. Word Biblical Commentary. Dallas: Word, Incorporated, 2002, p 248-249.

[120]
Papaioannou,
The Geography of Hell
, 87-88.

[121]
Bauckham,
The Fate of the Dead
, 34.

[122]
Bauckham,
The Fate of the Dead,
36.

[123]
Papaioannou,
The Geography of Hell
, 80.

[124]
Duane F. Watson, “Gehenna (Place),” ed. David Noel Freedman,
The Anchor Yale Bible Dictionary
(New York: Doubleday, 1992), 926.

[125]
See 1 En. 10:13; 48:8–10; 100:7–9; 108:4–7; Jdt 16:17; 2 Bar. 85:13.

[126]
Though 1Enoch does evidence Hellenistic influence, it retains a unique Jewish perspective throughout its literary style and content.

[127]
See the chapter “The Book of Enoch: Scripture, Heresy, or What?” in
When Giants Were Upon the Earth: The Watchers, Nephilim and the Cosmic War of the Seed
(Los Angeles: Embedded Pictures, 2014).

[128]
Kelley Coblentz Bautch,
A Study of the Geography of 1 Enoch 17-19: No One Has Seen What I Have Seen
, (Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 2003).

[129]
Glasson, T. Francis.
Greek Influence in Jewish Eschatology
. London: S.P.C.K., 1961, 8-11;
Nickelsburg,
Jewish Literature between the Bible and the Mishnah
, (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1981) 54–55; 66, n. 26; also
1 Enoch
, 280; James C. VanderKam,
Enoch and the Growth of an Apocalyptic Tradition
. CBQMS 16. Washington, D.C.: Catholic Biblical Association of America, 1984.

[130]
Amos 9:2.

[131]
Ps. 136:6; Job 41:34 LXX.

[132]
Wayne Horowitz,
Mesopotamian Cosmic Geography
, (Winona Lake; IN: Eisenbrauns, 1998), 334-348.

[133]
Richard J. Clifford,
The Cosmic Mountain in Canaan and the Old Testament
(Wipf & Stock Pub, 2010). Also, Isa. 14:13-15.

[134]
See also Isa. 40:22; Zech. 9:10; Job 38:4.

[135]
Matt. 16:18.

[136]
Bautch,
A Study of the Geography of 1 Enoch,
64-69.

[137]
George W. E. Nickelsburg,
1 Enoch: A Commentary on the Book of 1 Enoch, ed. Klaus Baltzer, Hermeneia—a Critical and Historical Commentary on the Bible
(Minneapolis, MN: Fortress, 2001), 286.

[138]
For a detailed examination of this full cosmology see “Appendix D: Mesopotamian Cosmic Geography in the Bible,” in the first Chronicle of the Nephilim,
Noah Primeval
by Brian Godawa.

[139]
Seely, “The Firmament,” p 228.

[140]
Horowitz,
Mesopotamian Cosmic Geography
.

[141]
Othmar Keel,
The Symbolism of the Biblical World
, Winona Lake; IN: Eisenbrauns, 1972, 1997, 56-57.

[142]
John H. Walton,
The Lost World of Genesis One: Ancient Cosmology and the Origins Debate
(Downers Grove: IL, InterVarsity Press, 2009), 23-36.