Jacquards' Web (40 page)
Authors: James Essinger
Moseley, Maboth.
Irascible Genius: A Life of Charles Babbage,
Inventor
. London: Hutchinson,
1964
.
292
Bibliography
Parker, Rozsika.
The Subversive Stitch.
London: The Women’s Press,
1984
.
Roberts, J. M.
The French Revolution.
Oxford: Oxford University Press,
1997
.
Shurkin, Joel.
Engines of the Mind.
New York and London: W. W. Norton,
1994
.
Spufford, Francis and Uglow, Jenny.
Cultural Babbage:
Technology, Time and Invention.
London: Faber and Faber,
1996
.
Standage, Tom.
The Victorian Internet.
New York: Walker Publishing,
1998
.
Stein, Dorothy.
Ada: A Life and Legacy
. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press,
1985
.
Sutherland, D.M.G.
France 1789–1815: Revolution and
Counterrevolution
. London: Fontana Press,
1985
.
Swade, Doron.
Charles Babbage and his Calculating Engines.
London: The Science Museum,
1991
.
Swade, Doron.
The Cogwheel Brain.
London: Little, Brown, and Company,
2000
.
Tocqueville de, Alexis.
The Ancien Régime.
London: J. M. Dent
& Sons,
1988
.
Toole, Betty.
Ada, the Enchantress of Numbers.
Mill Valley, California: Strawberry Press,
1992
.
Tweedale, Geoffrey.
Calculating Machines and Computers.
London: Shire Publications,
1990
.
Wilson, Kax.
A History of Textiles.
Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press,
1979
.
Woolley, Benjamin.
The Bride of Science.
London: Macmillan,
1999
.
293
This page intentionally left blank
Sub-entries are in chronological order.
Italic
numbers denote references to illustrations. HA = Howard Aiken, CB = Charles Babbage, HH = Herman Hollerith, J = Joseph-Marie Jacquard, AL = Ada Lovelace.
Ackroyd, Peter
113
Arago, François Jean Dominique
Adams, John Couch
104
Aiken, Daniel H. (HA’s father)
arithmometer
206
artificial intelligence (AI)
259
–
62
Aiken, Howard
227
Aspray, William
229
–
30
birth and early years
210
–
12
astronomical tables
65
–
6
,
67
university education
212
–
14
Atanasoff, John V.
245
–
6
early work on computing
Atanasoff–Berry Computer (ABC)
machines
215
,
216
–
18
proposal for modern computer
Austen, Jane
127
Austin, Henry
112
Harvard Mark I
225
–
31
,
Austrian, Geoffrey (HH’s
biographer)
161
tributes to CB
221
,
232
–
5
automatic loom
4
–
5
,
12
–
13
,
Aiken, Margaret (HA’s mother)
Automatic Sequence Controlled
Airy, Sir George Biddell
104
–
5
,
Calculator,
see
Harvard Mark I
automatic telegraph
163
Albert, Prince Consort
4
,
103
analogue computers
215
Babbage, Benjamin (CB’s father)
Analytical Engine
1
,
4
,
48
–
9
,
Babbage, Betty (CB’s mother)
51
,
233
–
4
;
see also
Lovelace,
Ada, interpretation of CB’s
Babbage, Charles
43
,
49
,
147
,
work
Analytical Society
57
character
1
–
2
,
116
–
17
295
Jacquard’s Web
Babbage, Charles (
continued
)
base
10 73
conceptual link with Jacquard
Bennett, Edward (HA’s professor)
loom
43
,
47
–
9
,
63
,
85
–
8
,
Berners-Lee, Sir Tim
256
–
7
autobiography
54
–
5
,
66
,
86
–
9
,
Bernoulli numbers
134
,
135
Berry, Clifford
245
–
6
letters
46
–
7
,
52
,
58
,
76
–
7
,
93
,
Billings, Dr John
153
–
4
,
161
,
‘Scribbling Books’
85
–
6
Binary Automatic Computer
birth and family background
50
(BINAC)
244
early years
54
–
5
binary code
245
,
252
time at Cambridge
55
–
8
bit (binary digit)
88
friendship with Herschel
57
–
8
,
Bletchley Park, England
246
,
247
Boichon, Claudine (J’s wife)
24
,
marriage and children
58
–
9
inheritance
53
–
4
Bonaparte, Napoleon
28
,
29
–
31
,
Jacquard portrait
xii
,
3
–
5
,
meets J
39
–
40
soirées
1
–
4
,
36
,
46
,
59
,
75
Bonnefond, Claude
5
British Library
107
British Museum
94
vision of Analytical Engine
Broderip, William
2
Brontë, Charlotte
127
visit to Lyons and Turin
93
–
8
Brown, Professor Theodore
220
Government funding
77
,
Bryce, James Wares
220
,
225
Buckland, William
102
relationship with AL
117
,
business machines
172
–
3
,
174
,
179
,
181
,
200
;
see also
death and funeral
146
,
150
–
1
tabulation machines
dream fulfilled by HA’s
Buxton, Henry Wilmot
116
computer
229
Byron, Ada,
see
Lovelace, Ada
see also
Analytical Engine;
Byron, Lady Anabella (née
Difference Engine
Milbanke) (AL’s mother)
Babbage, Georgiana (née
Whitmore) (CB’s wife)
Byron, Lord (AL’s father)
81
,
83
,
Barret, Jean-Marie (J’s brother-in-
law)
23
,
24
296
Index
calculating machines
1
,
4
,
62
–
9
,
CB with Jacquard loom
43
,
Campbell Kelly, Martin
84
,
89
,
HH with Jacquard loom
card punch
165
–
6
,
166
,
169
card counter
167
–
8
,
167
,
171
card sorter
168
–
9
,
167
,
170
,
CB with information age
107
,
Carlyle, Thomas
115
conditional branch
229
–
30
Carnot, Lazare
33
–
4
,
60
,
61
counter
167
–
8
,
167
,
171
meets J
34
Croix Rousse
13
,
20
–
1
,
40
,
41
,
cash register, invention of
172
Census, United States
153
–
7
,
162
,
C-T-R (Computing-Tabulating-
Recording Company)
182
–
3
,
Chaptal, Jean-Antoine
33
Chase, George C.
217
–
18
,
220
chess programs
261
–
2
Darwin, Charles
2
Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage
(Byron)
data entry
169
–
70
Davy, Sir Humphrey
76
Clarke, Arthur C.
259
–
60
de Colmar, Thomas
206
Clement, Joseph (CB’s chief
De Morgan, Augustus (AL’s tutor)
engineer)
75
–
6
,
116
–
17
clock-making
70
–
2
,
71
de Prony, Baron Gaspard Clair
code-breaking
246
–
7
François Marie Riche
60
–
3
,
cogwheel technology
1
,
69
–
73
,
de Vaucanson, Jacques
17
–
18
,
36
,
Cohen, I. Bernard (HA’s
biographer)
235
Deep Blue chess program
261
Collier, Bruce
87
–
8
Dickens, Charles
2
,
53
,
112
–
14