Iran: Empire of the Mind (59 page)

Tepe Sialk
2
,

Teymurtash, court minister
229
,
231

Thaïs
30

Theodosius
59

Thermopylae
26
,
29

Thrace
24
,
26
,
29

Tigris
5
,
13
,
33
,
36
,
43
,
142

Timur
113
,
118
,
119
,
121
,
130
,
161

Tolstoy
181
,
184

Tomyris, Queen
15
, Torah
10
, Trajan
43
,
44

Transoxiana
59
,
80
,
82
,
83
,
103
,
104
,
118

Trench, Battle of
74
tribes, importance of
3–4
,
34
,
91
,
119
,
129–130
,
135–6
,
162
,
169–170
,
185
,
212
,
222
,
227

Triple Entente
215
,
216

Tsitsianov
181

Tudeh party
233
,
237
,
239
,
240
,
241
,
242
,
243
,
245
,
251
,
258
,
259
,
267
,
272

Turkey
vii
,
29
,
58
,
138
,
141
,
219
,
223
,
226
,
228
,
230
,
231
,
248
,
268

Turkmanchai, Treaty
184
,
187
,
190
,
231

Turks, Turkmen,
xiv
,
65
,
66
,
69
,
80
,
90
,
91
,
93
,
97
,
101
,
106
,
121
,
130
,
133
,
152
,
155
,
171
,
173
,
222

Tus
71
,
97
,
104
,
147

Tusi, Daqiqi
89

tuyul
135

ulema
85–6
,
96
,
97
,
107
,
119
,
120
,
133
,
134
,
137
,
138
,
139
,
140
,
144
,
145
,
174
,
175
,
177
,
190
,
191
,
192
,
200
,
204
,
205
,
206
,
207
,
208
,
209
,
210
,
211
,
212
,
220
,
223
,
228
,
231
,
238
,
243
,
244
,
245
,
247
,
248
,
249
,
250
,
258
,
259
,
261
,
262
,
266
,
268
,
269
,
275
,
278
,
279
,
282

umma
74
,
76

Umayyad dynasty
79
,
80
,
81
,
83
,
124
,
126
,
127
,
133

United States
24
,
213
,
219
,
257
,
270
,
284
,
287

US Embassy hostage crisis
270–71

USS Vincennes
273

Urdu,
xvi
,
106
,
139

Usulis
174

Uthman
79

Uzbeks
132
,
134
,
135

Valerian
48
,
49
,
56

Valkyries
9

Vatatzes, Basile
154
,
155

velayat-e faqih
258–9
,
269
,
276
,
277
,
278
,
282
,
290

Ventidius
39

Verus
44

Vistaspa
6

Vologases I (Valkash)
41
,
42
,
43
,
44

Vologases III
43

Vologases IV
44

women, status of
xiv
,
15
,
62
,
75
,
86
,
148
,
149
,
158
,
162
,
184
,
193–194
,
208
,
254–5
,
257
,
270
,
281–2
,
293

Wu Ti (Chinese Emperor)
35

Xerxes I (Khashayarsha)
25
,
26

Yarmuk
76

Yazdegerd I
59

Yazdegerd II
61

Yazdegerd III
69
,
76

Yazd
151
,
204

Yazdi, Ebrahim
258
,
272

Yazdi, Mesbah, Ayatollah
311

Yazdi, Seyyed Mohammad Kazem
211

Yazid
123
,
124
,
126
,
132
,
248
,
261

Yerevan
156
,
165
,
181
,
183
,
184

Yermolov
183

Yomut Turkmen
171

Young Ottomans
207

Yushij, Nima
230

Zagros (mountains)
2
,
3
,
4

Zahedi, General
241
,
242
,
245

zakat
74

Zand (tribe, dynasty)
167
,
170
,
171
,
187

Zanjan
192

Zenobia
56

Zeus
7
,

Zohab, Treaty of
141

Zoroaster (Zardosht, Zarathustra)
5
,
6
,
7
,
9
,
10
,
11
,
13
,
14

Zoroastrians
4
,
15
,
60
,
66
,
77
,
86
,
95
,
133
,
140
,
144
,
153
,
210
,
284

zur-khaneh
176

Zurvan, Zurvanism
9
,
52
,
58

Wassmuss, Wilhelm
218

Wahhabis
97
,
177
,
178

Wellington, Lord
165

White Revolution
244
,
247
,
259
,
276

Wilson, Woodrow
219

Wolfowitz, Paul
291

^∗
Saberi; p. 254; translation Axworthy/Ahmadzadeh.

^∗
Arberry 1949 p.117; translation Axworthy/Lewisohn.

Table of Contents

Cover

About the Author

Title Page

Copyright Page

Contents

Acknowledgements

Illustrations

Maps of Iran

Preface

Iran: Empire of the Mind

1. Origins: Zoroaster, the Achaemenids, and the Greeks

2. The Iranian Revival: Parthians and Sassanids

3. Islam and Invasions: the Arabs, Turks and Mongols: the Iranian Reconquest of Islam, the Sufis, and the Poets

4. Shi‘ism and the Safavids

5. The Fall of the Safavids, Nader Shah, the Eighteenth-Century Interregnum, and the Early Years of the Qajar Dynasty

6. The Crisis of the Qajar Monarchy, the Revolution of 1905-1911 and the accession of the Pahlavi Dynasty

7. The Pahlavis, and the Revolution of 1979

8. Iran since the Revolution: Islamic Revival, War and Confrontation

9. From Khatami to Ahmadinejad, and the Iranian Predicament

Notes

Select Bibliography

Index

Footnotes

3. Islam and Invasions: the Arabs, Turks and Mongols: the Iranian Reconquest of Islam, the Sufis, and the Poets

Page 71

5. The Fall of the Safavids, Nader Shah, the Eighteenth-Century Interregnum, and the Early Years of the Qajar Dynasty

Page 156