India After Independence: 1947-2000 (84 page)

BOOK: India After Independence: 1947-2000
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8
.
Seminar,
July 1960.

9
. Nehru,
Speeches,
Vol.4, p.63.

10
. Nehru,
LCM,
Vol.3, p.342.

9. Consolidation of India As A Nation: Integration of the Tribals

1
. Verrier, Elwin,
The
Tribal World of Verrier Elwin,
Bombay, 1964, p.103.

2
. Verrier, Elwin,
A Philosophy for NEFA,
Shillong, 1959, p.46.

3
. Nehru,
LCM,
Vol.3, p.151.

4
. Nehru,
Speeches,
Vol.5, p.582.

5
. Nehru, ‘Foreword to the 1st edition of Verrier Elwin’s
A Philosophy for NEFA’.

6
.
Ibid
.

7
. Nehru,
Speeches,
Vol.2, p.582.

8
. Nehru, ‘Foreword to the 1st edition of Verrier Elwin’s
A Philosophy for NEFA’.

9
. Jawaharlal Nehru,
Speeches,
Vol.3, pp.460, 461.

10
. Nehru, ‘Foreword to the 1st edition of Verrier Elwin’s
A Philosophy for NEFA’.

11
. Nehru,
Speeches,
Vol.2, p.581.

12
.
Ibid.,
p.579.

13
. Nehru,
LCM,
Vol.III, p.150.

14
.
Ibid.,
p.163

15
. Christoff von Furer-Haimendorf, ‘The Position of the Tribal Population in Modern India,’ in Philip Mason, (ed.),
India and Ceylon: Unity and Diversity,
London, 1967, p.208.

16
. Quoted in S. Gopal,
Jawaharlal Nehru—A Biography,
Vol.2, p.212.

10. Consolidation of India As A Nation: Regionalism and Regional Inequality

1
. Gandhi,
CW,
New Delhi, 1958-1984, Vol.9, p.458.

2
. Quoted in Jolly Mohan Kaul,
Problems of National Integration,
New Delhi, 1963, p.76.

3
. Government of India, Planning Commission,
Third Five Year Plan,
New Delhi, 1961, p.142

4
. Ajit Mozoomdar, ‘The Political Economy of Modern Federalism,’ in Balveer Arora and Douglas V. Verney, ed.,
Multiple Identities in a Single State,
Delhi, 1995, pp.230-1.

11. The Years of Hope and Achievement, 1951-64

1
. Nehru,
SW,
S.S., Vol.22, pp.122-3.

2
. Nehru,
LCM,
Vol.4, p.188.

3
. S. Gopal,
Jawaharlal Nehru—A Biography,
Vol.2, p.162.

4
. Quoted in
ibid.,
pp.164-65.

5
. Nehru,
LCM,
Vol.2, p.508.

6
.
Nehru on Communalism,
edited by N.L. Gupta, New Delhi, 1965, p.216.

7
. CD. Deshmukh,
The Course of My Life,
Delhi, 1974, p.205.

8
. Quoted in S. Gopal.,
op.cit.,
Vol.3, p.65.

9
. Nehru,
Speeches,
Vol.1, p.2.

10
. Quoted in W.H. Morris-Jones,
The Government and Politics in India,
Wistow, 1987, p.26, and in Rajmohan Gandhi,
Patel,
p.501.

11
. Quoted in S. Gopal,
op.cit.,
Vol.2, pp.158-59.

12
. Mende, Tibor,
Conversations with Mr Nehru,
pp.54-5.

13
. Nehru, Jawaharlal,
LCM,
Vol.1, p.123.

14
.
Ibid.,
Vol.5, p.601.

15
. Nehru,
SW,
Old Series, Vol.8, p.807.

16
. Nehru,
LCM,
Vol.4, p.369.

17
. Nehru,
SW,
Old Series, Vol.3, p.361.

18
. Quoted in S. Gopal,
op.cit.,
Vol.2, p.169.

19
. Nehru,
LCM,
Vol.5, pp.601 and 590 respectively.

20
. Nehru,
Speeches,
Vol.2, pp.50-2, 54, 56.

21
.
Ibid.,
Vol.3, pp.22, 25.

22
.
Ibid.,
Vol.5, p.83.

12. Foreign Policy: The Nehru Era

1
. Jawaharlal Nehru, cited in V. P. Dutt,
India and the World,
New Delhi, 1990, pp.28-9.

2
. K. Subrahmanyam ‘Evolution of Indian Defence Policy (1947-1964),’ in B.N. Pande, ed.,
A Centenary History of the Indian National Congress,
Vol. IV, New Delhi, 1990, pp.512-13.

3
. K.P.S. Menon, ‘India and the Soviet Union,’ in B.R. Nanda, ed.,
Indian Foreign Policy: The Nehru Years,
Delhi, 1976, p.136.

4
.
Hindustan Times,
21 July 1954, cited in D.R. Sardesai, ‘India and Southeast Asia,’ in
Ibid.,
p.87.

5
. Cited in Rikhi Jaipal, ‘Ideas and Issues in Indian Foreign Policy,’ in Pande, ed.,
A Centenary History,
p.434.

6
. K. Subrahmanyam, ‘Evolution of Indian Defence Policy (1947-1964),’ in Pande, ed.,
A Centenary History,
pp.546-7.

7
. K.P.S. Menon,
op.cit.,
in B.R. Nanda, ed.,
Indian Foreign Policy,
p.135.

8
.
Ibid.,
p.142.

9
. K.Subrahmanyam,
op.cit.,
in Pande, ed.,
A Centenary History,
p.550.

10
. ‘
Op.cit.,
in Nanda, ed.,
Indian Foreign Policy,
p.148.

11
. Speech in Lok Sabha, November 27, 1959, cited in V. P. Dutt,
India and the World,
pp.42-4.

12
. K. Subrahmanyam,
op.cit.,
in Pande, ed.,
A Centenary History,
p.516.

13
.
India and the World,
pp.53-4.

14
. For his views, see
China and the World,
New York, 1966,
India’s Foreign Policy,
New Delhi, 1984,
India and the World,
New Delhi, 1990, and
India’s Foreign Policy in a Changing World,
New Delhi, 1999.

15
. K. Subrahmanyam,
op.cit.,
in Pande, ed.,
A Centenary History,
p.567.

16
. Cited in A.K. Damodaran, ‘Foreign Policy in Action,’ in Pande, ed.,
A Centenary History,
p.469.

13. Jawaharlal Nehru in Historical Perspective

1
. Nehru,
Letters to Chief Ministers,
Vol.3, pp.380-81.

2
. Hugh Tinker, ‘Is There An Indian Nation,’ in
India and Ceylon: Unity and Diversity,
ed. Philip Mason, London, 1967, p.287.

3
. Nehru,
LCM,
Vol.4, p.256.

4
.
Ibid.,
Vol.2, p.598.

5
.
Ibid.,
Vol.3, p.368.

6
. R.K.Karanjia,
The Philosophy of Mr Nehru,
London, 1966, p.123.

7
. Quoted in S. Gopal,
Jawaharlal Nehru—A Biography,
Vol.3, London, 1984, p.170.

8
. Nehru,
LCM,
Vol.2, p.368.

9
. Quoted in S. Gopal,
Jawaharlal Nehru—A Biography,
Vol.3, p.278.

10
. R.K.Karanjia,
The Mind of Mr Nehru,
London, 1960, p.48.

11
. Tibor Mende,
Conversations with Mr. Nehru,
London, 1956, pp.37, 108 and 105.

12
. Quoted in S. Gopal,
Jawaharlal Nehru—A Biography,
Vol.2, London, 1979, pp.192-93.

13
.
SW,
S.S., General Editor, S. Gopal, Vol.7, New Delhi, 1988, p.384.

14
. R.K. Karanjia,
The Philosophy of Mr Nehru,
p.139.

15
. Government of India, Planning Commission;
Third Five Year Plan,
New Delhi, 1961, p.9.

16
. Nehru,
Speeches,
Vol.3, New Delhi, 1970 reprint, pp.17-8.

17
. Bimal Jalan, ‘Introduction’,
The Indian Economy, Problems and Prospects,
ed. Bimal Jalan, New Delhi, 1992, p.xiii.

18
. Nehru,
LCM,
Vol.2, p.84.

19
. Nehru,
Speeches,
Vol.3, p.37.

20
. Geoffrey Tyson,
Nehru: The Years of Power,
London, 1966, p.173.

14. Political Parties, 1947-64: The Congress

1
. Quoted in Myron Weiner,
Party Politics in India,
Princeton, 1957, p.69.

2
. Sardar Patel,
Sardar Patel in Tune With the Millions,
Vol.3, edited by G.M. Nandurkar, Ahmedabad, 1976, pp.164-169.

3
. Quoted in Rajmohan Gandhi,
Patel: A Life,
Ahmedabad, 1990, p.490.

4
. Nehru,
SW,
S.S., Vol.8, p.438.

5
. Quoted in S. Gopal,
Jawaharlal Nehru—A Biography,
Vol.2, pp.154-5.

6
. Stanley A. Kochanek,
The Congress Party of India,
Princeton, 1968, p.51.

7
. Krishan Bhatia,
The Ordeal of Nationhood,
New York, 1971, p.120.

8
. Myron Weiner,
op.cit.,
p.17.

9
. Nehru,
Selected Works,
S.S., Vol.6, p.438.

10
. Quoted in S. Gopal,
op.cit.,
Vol.2, pp.74, 81, 92 respectively.

11
. Quoted in Norman D. Palmer,
The Indian Political System,
London, 1961, p.193.

12
. Nehru,
Selected Works,
S.S., Vol.7, p.382.

13
. Quoted in Allan and Wendy Scarfe,
J.P: His Biography,
New Delhi, 1975, p.237.

14
. Quoted in S. Gopal,
op.cit.,
Vol.2, p.67.

15
. Nehru,
Selected Works,
S.S., Vol.12, p.455.

16
. Quoted in Allan and Wendy Scarfe,
op.cit.,
pp.245 and 246.

17
. Quoted in S.Gopal,
op.cit.,
Vol.2, p.205.

18
. Quoted in
ibid.,
Vol.3, pp.21-2.

19
.
Ibid.,
p.22.

20
. All India Congress Committee,
Resolutions on Economic Policy and Programme 1955-56,
New Delhi, 1956, p.1.

21
. Jawaharlal Nehru,
Speeches,
Vol.3, 1953-1957, New Delhi, 1970, p.96.

22
. Government of India, Planning Commission,
Third Five Year Plan,
New Delhi, 1961, p.5.

15. Political Parties, 1947-65: The Opposition

1
. Quoted in Myron Weiner,
Party Politics in India,
Princeton, 1957, p.61.

2
. Quoted in
ibid.,
p.106.

3
. Lewis P. Fickett, Jr., ‘The Praja Socialist Party of India—1952-1972: A Final Assessment,’
Asian Survey,
Berkeley, Vol.13, No.9, September 1973, p.829.

4
.
CPM Programme,
1964, p.25.

5
. M.S. Golwalkar,
We or Our Nationhood Defined,
Nagpur, 1947 edition, first published in 1939, p.6.

6
.
Ibid.,
pp.52-6, 62 f.n.

7
.
Ibid.,
p.19.

8
.
Organiser,
17 November 1991, p.9.

9
. Krishan Bhatia,
The Ordeal of Nationhood,
New York, 1971, p.103.

10
. Quoted in Myron Weiner,
op.cit.,
p.193.

11
. Quoted in Donald E. Smith,
India as a Secular State,
Princeton, 1963, p.471.

12
. Resolution passed by Bharatiya Jan Sangh at its session held at Lucknow from 30 December 1960 to 1 January 1961, quoted in Motilal A. Jhangiani,
Jana Sangh and Swatantra: A Profile of the Rightist Parties in India,
Bombay, 1967, p.48.

13
. Bharatiya Jan Sangh Election Manifesto, 1962, p.18, quoted in Jhangiani,
op.cit.,
p.77.

14
. Quoted in Norman D. Palmer,
The Indian Political System,
London, 1961, p.200.

16. From Shastri to Indira Gandhi, 1964-69

1
. Krishan Bhatia,
The Ordeal of Nationhood,
New York, 1971, p.150.

2
. Quoted in Geoffrey Tyson,
Nehru: The Years of Power,
London, 1966, p.191.

3
. Indira Gandhi,
My Truth,
New Delhi, 1982, p.116.

4
. President Johnson. quoted in Lloyd I. Rudolph and Susanne Hoeber Rudolph,
The Regional Imperative,
Delhi, 1980, p.38.

5
. Quoted in Zareer Masani,
Indira Gandhi—A Biography,
London, 1975, p.168.

6
.
Ibid.,
pp.179-80.

7
. W.H. Morris-Jones,
Politics Mainly Indian,
Madras, 1978, p.xii.

8
. Rajni Kothari,
Politics in India,
New Delhi, 1986 reprint, p.183.

17. The Indira Gandhi Years, 1969-73

1
. Kuldip Nayar,
India: The Critical Years,
Revised and Enlarged Edition, Delhi, 1971, pp.31-2.

2
. Zareer Masani,
Indira Gandhi—A Biography,
London, 1975, p.181.

3
. Quoted in
Ibid.,
p.209.

4
. Quoted in
Ibid.,
p.241.

5
. Quoted in Lloyd I. Rudolph, Susanne Hoeber Rudolph, et. al.,
The Regional Imperative,
Delhi, 1980, p.46.

6
. Indira Gandhi,
The Years of Endeavour,
New Delhi, 1975, p.654-6.

18. The J.P. Movement and Emergency: Indian Democracy Tested

1
. Quoted in
Statesman,
10 April 1974, cited in Francine R. Frankel,
India’s Political Economy,
1947-1977, Delhi, 1978, p.528.

BOOK: India After Independence: 1947-2000
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