How to Build a Dinosaur (26 page)

Dubrow, Terry J., Phillip Ashley Wackym, and M. A. Lesavoy “Detailing the Human Tail.”
Annals of Plastic Surgery
20, no. 4 (1988): 340-44.

Larsson, Hans C. E., and Günter P. Wagner. “Pentadactyl Ground State of the Avian Wing.”
Journal of Experimental Zoology
(Mol Dev Evol) 294 (2002): 146-51.

Nikbaht, Neda, and John C. McLachlan. “Restoring Avian Wing Digits.”
Proceedings of the Royal Society
B 266 (1999): 1101-04.

Resko, John A., Anne Perkins, Charles E. Roselli, James A. Fitzgerald, Jerome V. A. Choate, Fredrick Stormshak. “Endocrine Correlates of Partner Preference Behavior in Rams.”
Biology of Reproduction
55 (1996): 120 -26.

This book would not have been possible without the hard work and dedication of a great many people, foremost among them my former graduate student Dr. Mary Schweitzer, my colleague Dr. Hans Larsson, and former graduate student Chris Organ. A special thanks to each. Other paleontology colleagues whom I’ve been doing a lot of work with these past few years include Mark Goodwin and Kevin Padian, both of Berkeley, and I owe a debt of gratitude to each. I also thank my staff, including Pat Leiggi, Bob Harmon, Carrie Ancell, Ellen Lamm, Jamie Jette, and Linda Roberts; my former and current graduate students; and the many volunteers who gave up their summers to help excavate dinosaur specimens such as “B. rex.” Thanks to Nathan Myhrvold, who provided the major funding for the excavation of B. rex, and some of the funding for our new mobile molecular field station. I also thank all my other funders, especially Tom and Stacey Seibel, Klein and Karen Gilhousen, Gerry Ohrstrom, Bea Taylor, the Paul Prager family, Catherine Reynolds, George Lucas, and the Sands families. A very special thanks to Jim Gorman who so eloquently transformed my scientific lingo into literature. Finally, I want to thank my friend Carlye Cook for reminding me that science, especially of the sort discussed in this book, has an obligation to explain itself, in layman’s terms, to the general public.

Both Jim and I also want to thank our agent, Kris Dahl, and our editor, Stephen Morrow, for their great work on the book; Oceana Gottlieb for a fantastic book jacket; Craig Schneider, the copy editor; and Julia Gilroy, production editor, for their care and attention in moving the manuscript to book form.

—Jack Horner

 

 

First and foremost, I want to thank my wife, Kate, who had the most difficult job I can imagine: living in the same house with me as I tried to steal every available minute and some that were not available to work on the book. Her support was invaluable, as was my son Daniel’s patience with his father’s day job and night and weekend job. My daughters, Madeleine and Celia, did not have to live in the same house, but they encouraged me from a distance. And my parents, as always, cheered me on.

I’m also grateful to friends and coworkers who encouraged me to push on and finish the book, or at least stop complaining about it.

And finally, to Jack, for all your intriguing research, for your open and inventive mind, for thinking of this book and of me to write it, thank you.

—Jim Gorman

Abelson, Philip

addictions

adenine

Adventure Thru Inner Space
(attraction)

Africa

AIDS

alanine

Alberta, Canada

albumin

allergic reactions

Alvarez, Luis

Alvarez, Walter

Alvarezsaurids

Ambrose, Stephen E.

American Association for the Advancement of Science

American Museum of Natural History

American West

amino acids

and collagen

and DNA

in fossils

and immune-system response

and osteocalcin

amphibians

anatomy

ancestral traits

animal research

anlagen

Antarctica

antennapedia

antibodies

Anzick site

archosaurian reptiles

archosaurs

Aristotle

Asara, John M.

Asaro, Frank

Asia

Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA

asteroids.
See also
meteors/ meteorites

atavisms

atomic force microscopy

Australia

autopodial field

avian dinosaurs

axial patterning

B. rex specimen

and blood vessels

and bone collagen

and the Cretaceous era

discovery of

and fossil bone tissue

and the Hell Creek Formation

bacteria

badlands.
See also
Hell Creek Formation; Montana

Baird, Don

Baptistina family of asteroids

bears

beavers

behavior

Bering Strait

Billings, Montana

biochemistry

biofilms

biogenic hydroxyapatite

biogeochemistry

biological molecules

biomolecules

biophysics

bipedalism

birds

after K / T boundary

as avian dinosaurs

bones compared with dinosaurs

categorization of

and
Chickenosaurus

and collagen

and digestive systems

and evolutionary change

and extinctions

and feathered dinosaurs

and fossil hunting

and the fossil record

and gene sequencing

and medullary bone

and tail evolution

birth defects

bison

Bithorax gene

Blackfeet Indians

blood vessels

body plan.
See also
tetrapods

and body axis

and evolution

and genetics

and limb development

and tail development

and vertebrates

bone morphogenetic proteins

bones and skeletal structures.
See also
collagen

and bird evolution

bone histology

bone matrix

and chicken development

and demineralization

difficulties working with

dinosaurs and birds compared

and Schweitzer’s research

vertebrae

Bozeman, Montana

Branch Davidians

Bridger, Jim

Bridger Wilderness

British Museum of Natural History

brontosaurs

Brown, Barnum

Brush, Alan H.

Buck, Frank

Buckley, Mike

Buckner, Billy

buds (anlagen)

buffalo

Bureau of Land Management

Burgess Shale

calcium

Cambrian period

Campephilus
genus

Canada

cancers

carbon-nitrogen ratios

Carlin, George

Carnegie Institution

Carroll, Sean

cattle

cellular biology

central nervous system

Charbonneau, Toussaint

Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Refuge

chemistry

Chen, Pei-Ji

Chiappe, Luis

chickens

and bone tissue

and comparison of genes

and embryonic development

and genetics research

and tail development research

Chicxulub meteorite

chimpanzees

Chin, Karen

China

chordates

Choteau, Montana

Christian Identity

Christianity

chromatography

cladistics

Clark, William

Clark ranch

classification systems

clavicles

Clemens, Bill

climate change

cloning

Cloverly Formation

Clovis people

Cody, Buffalo Bill

coelurosaurs

cold-blooded animals

collagen

and bird evolution

described

in fossils

imaging techniques used on

and immunoassays

and osteocalcin

and structural proteins

collar structures

common ancestry

computer imaging

connective tissue.
See also
collagen

conservation

continental drift

contingency

Cope, Edwin Drinker

coprolites

Coronado, Francisco Vasquez de

cranial kinesis

creationism

Cretaceous era

and the B. rex specimen

and bird evolution

and the Cloverly Formation

and coprolite fossils

and fossil DNA

and the Hell Creek Formation

and the Judith River Formation

and mass extinctions

and theropods

Crichton, Michael

Crick, Francis

crocodilians

Crow Indians

Crystal Palace

CT scans

Cuppy, Will

Currie, Philip J.

Cuvier, Georges

cytosine

Dal Sasso, Cristiano

Darwin, Charles

decomposition

deep time

degradation of fossils

demineralization

Department of Terrestrial Magnetism

deposition

derived characteristics

developmental evolution (devo-evo) .
See also
embryonic development

diet

digestive systems

Digging Dinosaurs
(Horner)

digital modeling

digits.
See also
limbs

Dingus, Lowell

dire wolves

disease

diving birds

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
See also
genetics

and body plan

and cloning

and comparison of genes

component chemicals

discovery of

double-helix structure

and embryology

and evolution

in fossils

and gene sequencing

and genetic manipulation

and homeobox genes

junk DNA

and
Jurassic Park

and limb-to-wing transition

and master genes

and modern bison herds

and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Dodson, Peter

dogs

Dolly (cloned sheep)

domestication

Dong, Shi-ming

Donoghue, Philip C.

dromaeosaurid dinosaurs

Drosophila melanogaster
(fruit fly)

drug resistance

duckbilled dinosaurs

ear infections

echidna

ecological approach to paleontology

economic issues

economy

education

eggs

electron microscopes

elemental analysis

embryonic development

and atavisms

background of

and chickens

and evolution

and experimental embryology

and feathers

Hamburger-Hamilton stages

and limb growth

and macroevolution

and master genes

and teeth

and tetrapods

value of research

and wing development

emus

energy management

environmental issues

enzymes

epigenesis

erosion

etching

The Eternal Frontier
(Flannery)

ethical issues

and animal research

and genetic engineering

and prenatal genetic selection

and proposed research

and social responsibility

and value of research

eugenics

Europe

evolution.
See also
evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo)

and basic structures

evolution

calculating rate of

and the Cambrian period

and the Chicxulub meteorite

and cladistics

and collagen

and comparison of genes

and contingency

continuum view of

and drug resistance

and embryonic development

and experimental atavisms

and fossils

macroevolution

mammals and dinosaurs contrasted

and master genes

mechanisms of

microevolution

and modern birds

molecular basis of

and proposed research

and public opinion

rates of change

and Schweitzer’s education