Hitlerland: American Eyewitnesses to the Nazi Rise to Power (56 page)

5
“
the American colony”
and other Lochner quotes:
Louis Lochner,
Always the Unexpected: A Book of Reminiscences
, 151, 123.

6
reaching a peak:
Howard K. Smith,
Last Train from Berlin
, 344.

6
Mowrer, for instance:
Mowrer, 166.

6
“
One thing one forgets”:
Conquest interviewed by author (2009).

CHAPTER ONE
: “
NERVOUS BREAKDOWN
”

PAGE

10
a loaf of bread:
Peter Gay,
Weimar Culture
, 154.

10
“
Orchestra stalls”:
Anton Gill,
A Dance Between Flames
, 75.

10
Carl Zuckmayer attended
and “
could be freely handled”
and other quotes about the party:
Ibid., 85.

10
“
People have forgotten”:
Michael Danzi,
American Musician in Germany, 1924–1939
, 45–46.

11
“
The contrast”:
Kurt G. W. Ludecke,
I Knew Hitler
, 10.

11
“
political zanies”:
Ben Hecht,
A Child of the Century
, 252.

11
“
all was politics”
and “
Germany is having”:
Ibid., 264–265.

12
“
a few years of”
and “
to be in”
and “
call into play”:
Hugh R. Wilson,
Diplomat Between Wars
, 3–5.

12
“
Rioting seemed to be”
and “
I myself have seen”
and “
vituperative”:
Wilson, 94–95.

13
“
The shabbiness”:
Ibid., 94.

13
“
traces of”:
Ibid., 103.

13
“
the interior was”
and rest of Katharine Smith’s quotes and descriptions of early days in Berlin in this chapter:
Katharine Alling Hollister Smith autobiographical writings and correspondence, Truman Smith Papers, box 14, Hoover Institution Archives.

14
He was a 1915 Yale graduate
and other biographical details:
Robert Hessen, ed.,
Berlin Alert: The Memoirs and Reports of Truman Smith
, xiii–xiv; and Katharine (Kätchen) Truman Smith Coley interviewed by author (2010).

15
“
With the end of the war”:
Wilson, 103.

15
“
The Germans, then”:
Ibid., 98.

17
“
A flame of resentment”:
Ibid., 100.

17
Major General Henry T. Allen
and quotes from his report:
“Finds Negro Troops Orderly on Rhine,”
New York Times
, Feb. 20, 1921.

18
“
I am afraid”:
Schultz, 101.

18
“
Your French friends”:
Karl H. von Wiegand Papers, box 6, Hoover Institution Archives.

18
“
a fair way”
and “
A cruel thing to do”
and early bio of Wiegand:
Ibid., box 47 (notes for outline of an autobiography he never wrote).

18
finding work at the Associated Press
and subsequent move to United Press:
Ibid., box 30.

19
“
Food Shortage Alarms All Germany”:
Ibid., box 25 (not marked from which Hearst paper).

19
In one letter from 1921:
Ibid., box 6.

19
“
I am looking”
and Wiegand reply:
Ibid., box 7.

20
“
Houghton Girls Make Berlin Debut”:
Ibid., box 25.

21
“
Hitler Styled”:
Ibid., box 25.

22
“
Something is brewing”
and account of Houghton’s concerns:
Jeffrey J. Matthews,
Alanson B. Houghton: Ambassador of the New Era
, 68.

22
“
being without”
and “
seems to have had”
and “
try to make”:
Hessen, ed., 43.

23
a clear-cut set
and orders as quoted:
Ibid., 44.

23
four hundred visas
and “
It seemed to us”:
Robert Murphy,
Diplomat Among Warriors
, 31.

23
“
It was a welcome”:
Ibid., 32.

23
Murphy told Smith
and Smith’s quotes summarizing Murphy’s views:
Hessen, ed., 48–50.

24
“
healthy drift away”
and rest of General von Kressenstein’s views:
Ibid., 53.

24
Friedrich Trefz
and his views as quoted by Smith:
Ibid., 56.

25
Scheubner-Richter
and rest of visit to Nazi headquarters:
Ibid., 56–57.

25
General Ludendorff
and his remarks:
Ibid., 58–59.

26
New York tenement house:
Ibid., 46.

26
“
A marvelous demagogue”:
Ibid., 60.

26
“
Parliament and”:
Ibid., 61.

26
The question whether:
Ibid., 65.

26
“
The diary I kept”:
Ibid., 18.

27
“
some arrangement”
and “
disquieting”:
Matthews, 68.

27
“
The most active”:
Ibid., 69.

27
“
How does this”
and rest of exchanges with Drey:
Murphy, 38.

28
“
Interview with Adolf Hitler”
and all quotes from it:
State Department (RG 59) microfilm publication #M336:
Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Germany, 1910–1929
, file: 862.00/1228 on roll 18, National Archives. Also in Murphy, 40–41.

29
In a letter to Murphy:
Robert D. Murphy Papers, box 43, Hoover Institution Archives (hereafter, Hoover).

29
“
No, this is”:
Murphy,
Diplomat Among Warriors
, 39.

29
“
Look after him”
and Fate Fakirs:
Ernst Hanfstaengl,
Hitler: The Missing Years
, 31.

29
“
I was the leading:
”Ernst Hanfstaengl, taped interview by John Toland, Library of Congress.

30
“
The Hanfstaengls were”:
Hanfstaengl,
Hitler
, 24.

30
Putzi’s grandfather
and family background:
Peter Conradi,
Hitler’s Piano Player
, 12; and Hanfstaengl, 23–24.

30
Harvard days
and details of time there:
Conradi, 19–20; and Hanfstaengl, 26–27.

30
“
I hate to say”:
Hanfstaengl, taped interview by Toland, Library of Congress.

30
“
Some fool”
and rest of canoeing incident:
Hanfstaengl, 26; and Conradi, 19.

31
“
a fellow extrovert,”
quotes about FDR and former President Teddy Roosevelt, and early World War I avoiding of internment:
Hanfstaengl, 27–28.

31
A Department of Justice report
and Nicholas Roosevelt quotes:
Conradi, 31–32.

32
“
riven by faction”
and “
It became evident”:
Hanfstaengl, 29–30.

32
“
a very pleasant”:
Ibid., 31.

32
“
A lovely way”:
Katharine Smith, Truman Smith Papers, box 14, Hoover.

32
“
worked like”
and “
I met the most remarkable”
and rest of Smith-Hanfstaengl conversation:
Hanfstaengl, 32.

33
“
All that is
”:
Hanfstaengl, taped interview by Toland, Library of Congress.

CHAPTER TWO: UP IN THE AIR

PAGE

34
Kindlkeller
description and “
In his heavy boots”:
Hanfstaengl, 33.

34
police agents:
Hanfstaengl interviewed by Toland, Library of Congress.

34
“
electric”
and “
In his early years”:
Hanfstaengl, 33.

35
“
a charge which”
and rest of Hitler speech:
Ibid., 35.

35
“
especially the ladies”:
Hanfstaengl interviewed by Toland, Library of Congress.

35
“
Transfixed”
and quotes on how Hanfstaengl was impressed and wanted to explain America’s importance:
Hanfstaengl, 35–36.

35
“
Ah, you are”
and rest of exchange with Hitler:
Hanfstaengl interviewed by Toland, Library of Congress; and Hanfstaengl, 36–37.

36
“
a sallow, untidy”:
Hanfstaengl, 32.

36
“
The first followers”:
Ibid., 37.

36
“
the earnest, magnetic”
and rest of Helen’s account and quotes:
Helene Niemeyer “Notes,” FDR Library; and Helene Niemeyer, taped interview by John Toland, Library of Congress. Ernst Hanfstaengl’s comments in this section are from Hanfstaengl, 38–39.

38
family photos:
courtesy of Eric Hanfstaengl, the grandson of Helen and Ernst Hanfstaengl.

38
“
He had been so struck”
and Kay’s account of visit by Putzi and Helen:
Katharine Smith, box 14, Hoover.

39
“
What wonder”:
Niemeyer “Notes.”

40
“
a definite public character”
and Knickerbocker biographical details:
H. R. Knickerbocker,
Is Tomorrow Hitler’s? 200 Questions on the Battle of Mankind
, foreword by John Gunther, xii–xiii.

40
“
The first impression”
and “
the expression of his face”:
Ibid., 1–2.

40
“
He is softly fat”:
Ibid., 3.

40
“
He knew the thing”:
Hanfstaengl, 49.

41
“
hysterical enthusiasm”
and Hanfstaengl’s introduction of Harvard marching songs and Hitler’s reactions:
Ibid., 51.

41
he put up $1,000
:
Ibid., 53.

41
“
If there is”
and Hitler’s views of the U.S., Henry Ford and Ku Klux Klan:
Ibid., 40–41.

42
the price for the three beers:
Ibid., 96.

42
“
Quiet!”
and most of Beer Hall Putsch account:
John Toland,
Adolf Hitler
, Vol. I, 163–165.

42
“
Gentlemen, not one of us”:
Otto Strasser,
Hitler and I
, 41.

42
press conference:
Hanfstaengl, 99.

42
“
REBELS IN COUP”:
Wiegand Papers, box 26, Hoover.

43
Fourteen Nazis died
and other putsch details:
Ian Kershaw,
Hitler, 1889–1936
:
Hubris
, 210–11. (Other accounts put the number of Nazis shot and killed as sixteen, not fourteen. Hitler would regularly honor sixteen “martyrs” of the Beer Hall Putsch once he took power.)

43
“
I can testify”:
Murphy, 39–40.

43
Ludendorff surrendered:
Kershaw, 211.