Hitler, Donitz, and the Baltic Sea (46 page)

BOOK: Hitler, Donitz, and the Baltic Sea
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79
.
 
OKW, “Lageunterrichtung,” 13 Mar. 1944, RM 7/161, 241; HGr Nord, KTB, 3 and 31 Mar. 1944, RH 19 III/272, 28, 370; HGr Nord, KTB, 1 Apr. 1944, RH 19 III/273, 7–8; Armeegruppenkommando Narwa, “Beurteilung des inneren Kampfwertes der Divisionen,” 28 Mar. 1944, RH 19 III/15, 78–80; HGr Nord, “Beurteilung des inneren Kampfwertes der Divisionen,” 1 Apr. 1944, T-78/337/6292842–48; OKW, “Lageunterrichtung,” 13 Mar. 1944, RM 7/161, 241.

  
80
.
 
MOK Ostsee, “Kurzer Rückblick auf Monat Apr. 1944,” 7 May 1944, RM 7/90, 306; Skl KTB, 14 and 16 Mar. 1944, 284, 325.

  
81
.
 
Skl, “B.Nr. 1/Skl I Nord 16775/44,” 31 May 1944, RM 7/161, 440; Skl KTB, 1 June 1944, 14–15; MOK Ost, KTB, 15 Mar. 1944, RM 31/M523; 1/Skl, “Minensperrmassnahmen Finnenbusen Frühjahr 1944,” 5 Oct. 1943, RM 31/M523; Skl KTB, 4 Nov. 1943, 107.

  
82
.
 
Skl KTB, 6 June 1944, 125.

  
83
.
 
HGr Nord, KTB, 11 Apr. 1944, RH 19 III/273, 161.

  
84
.
 
1.Skl, “Ausbau Reval als ‘fester Platz’ gemäss Führerbefehl Nr. 11,” 22 Apr. 1944, RM 7/227, 147–48.

  
85
.
 
Skl, “Denkschrift über die Bedeutung der Narwa-Stellung für die Gesamtkriegführung,” 27 Mar. 1944, RH 19 III/15, 93–94.

  
86
.
 
1/Skl, “Ausbau Reval als fester Platz,” 4 May 1944, RM 7/227, 149–50; Skl KTB, 3 May 1944, 35–36; Skl, “Ausbau Reval als fester Platz,” 10 May 1944, RM 7/161, 404.

  
87
.
 
Salewski,
Seekriegsleitung,
2: 209–38;
Lagevorträge,
453–70.

  
88
.
 
Skl, “B.Nr. 1/Skl Ia 436/44,” 11 Feb. 1944, RM 7/161, 72.

  
89
.
 
Skl KTB, 11 and 18 Feb. 1944, 231–32, 397.

  
90
.
 
Dönitz informed Hitler that the pocket battleship
Admiral Scheer
and cruisers
Prinz Eugen, Nürnberg,
and
Emden
were immediately ready to sail, changing in the course of the summer to the pocket battleship
Lützow
and cruisers
Admiral Hipper
and
Köln.
Except for the battleship
Tirpitz
(then disabled in Norway), this constituted all heavy surface vessels of the German Navy, aside from the damaged light cruiser
Leipzig
and two antiquated pre–World War I battleships,
Schlesien
and
Schleswig-Holstein;
Showell,
German Navy,
102–17.

Chapter 2: The German Collapse in the Summer of 1944

    
1
.
 
Hillgruber,
Zusammenbruch,
14; Erickson,
Road to Berlin,
228.

    
2
.
 
Glantz and House,
When Titans Clashed,
220.

    
3
.
 
HGr Nord, KTB, 20 June 1944, RH 19 III/310, 23; OKH, “Zusammenfassende Beurteilung der Feindlage vor der deutschen Ostfront im grossen—Stand 3.5.44,” T-78/466/6446142–45.

    
4
.
 
PzAOK 3, KTB, 23 June 1944, T-313/316/8594975; HGr Nord, KTB, 28 June 1944, RH 19 III/310, 128.

    
5
.
 
Der Ob der HGr Nord, “Nr. 90/44,” 29 June 1944, RH 19 III/15, 109–11.

    
6
.
 
OKH, “Nr. 6452/44,” 30 June 1944, RH 19 II/205, 16; HGr Nord, “Nr. 95/44,” 30 June 1944, RH 19 III/15, 131; HGr Nord, “Nr. 96/44,” 2 July 1944, RH 19 III/15, 133; OKH, “Nr. 6532/44,” 3 July 1944, RH 19 III/15, 135.

    
7
.
 
HGr Nord, KTB, 4–6 July 1944, RH 19 III/311, 77, 82, 104–105, 112, 121, 127.

    
8
.
 
Ibid., 9 July 1944, 174–77, 188;
Lagevorträge,
595–96.

    
9
.
 
Geschichte des Grossen Vaterländischen Krieges der Sowjetunion
[hereafter
GVK
], 4: 384;
Geschichte des zweiten Weltkrieges,
9: 83–84; Shtemenko,
Soviet General Staff,
1: 354–57; Bagramian, “Schaulen-Mitau-Operation,” 588–91.

  
10
.
 
HGr Nord, KTB, 12 and 15 July, 1944, RH 19 III/313, 16–21, 56; Friessner,
Verratene Schlachten,
18–27; Der Ob der HGr Nord, “Tagesbefehl,” 14 July 1944, RH 19 III/6, 8; AOK 18, “Besprechung mit dem Herrn Oberbefehlshaber der H.Gr. Nord, General d. Inf. Friessner am 15.7.44 in Rositten,” T-312/957/9148703.

  
11
.
 
HGr Nord, KTB, 15 and 18 July 1944, RH 19 III/313, 60, 71–73, 131–35.

  
12
.
 
PzAOK 3, KTB, 22 July 1944, T-313/317/8595402; HGr Nord, KTB, 21–22 July 1944, RH 19 III/313, 195–96, 213; Nr. 555, “Besprechung beim Chef des Generalstabes d. Heeres, 21 July 1944,” T-78/352/6312576.

  
13
.
 
HGr Nord, “Nr. 126/44,” 23 July 1944, T-312/970/9162224–26;
Hitlers Weisungen,
264–65; Ziemke,
Stalingrad to Berlin,
336.

  
14
.
 
TBJG,
13: 152.

  
15
.
 
Haupt,
Heeresgruppe Nord,
214.

  
16
.
 
HGr Nord, KTB, 26–27 July 1944, RH 19 III/314, 26, 30–35, 77; Bagramian, “Schaulen-Mitau-Operation,” 589–601.

  
17
.
 
HGr Nord, KTB, 2, 4 and 6 Aug. 1944, RH 19 III/315, 22, 52–53, 95; AOK 18, KTB, 8 Aug. 1944, T-312/956/9147152.

  
18
.
 
HGr Nord, KTB, 6 Aug. 1944, RH 19 III/315, 95–96.

  
19
.
 
Ibid., 12 Aug. 1944, 181–82, 197–202.

  
20
.
 
Ibid., 16 and 18 Aug. 1944, RH 19 III/316, 64–65, 132; PzAOK 3, KTB, 9–10 Aug. 1944, T-313/317/8595577–78, 8595589–90.

  
21
.
 
Warships supporting this operation included the cruiser
Prinz Eugen,
two destroyers, and five torpedo boats; Skl KTB, 22 Aug. 1944, 543.

  
22
.
 
HGr Nord, KTB, 24 Aug. 1944, RH 19 III/317, 79.

  
23
.
 
Lagevorträge,
588; Ziemke,
German NTO,
282–83; Klink, “Die deutsch-finnische Zusammenarbeit,” 66.

  
24
.
 
HGr Nord, KTB, 20 June 1944, RH 19 III/310, 19.

  
25
.
 
Erfurth,
Last Finnish War,
193.

  
26
.
 
Ziemke,
German NTO,
283; Klink, “Die deutsch-finnische Zusammenarbeit,” 39–41; Boheman,
På Vakt,
2: 256–57.

  
27
.
 
HGr Nord, KTB, 2 Aug. 1944, RH 19 III/315, 37; Ziemke,
Stalingrad to Berlin,
387–88; Natzmer, “Festung Kurland,” Apr. 1949, Institut für Zeitgeschichte, Munich [hereafter IfZ], ZS 111, 47.

  
28
.
 
Ziemke,
German NTO,
290–91.

  
29
.
 
Skl KTB, 15–18 June 1944, 389–90, 428, 457, 484–87; MOK Ost, KTB, 18 June 1944, RM 31/M523; OKW, “Lageunterrichtung 20/6,” RM 7/99, 100.

  
30
.
 
Forstmann, “Seekrieg im Finnenbusen und der östlichen Ostsee von 1942 bis zum 8. Mai 1945,” Nachlass Wagner, N 539/v. 15, 10; Skl KTB, 18 June 1944, 485.

  
31
.
 
OKW, “Nr. 771340/44,” 25 Apr. 1944, RM 7/161, 384; Skl KTB, 8 and 12 May 1944, 117–18, 206.

  
32
.
 
Skl KTB, 17 and 21 June 1944, 453, 565; 1/Skl, “Aalandsfrage,” RM 7/162, 508–12; Prager,
Panzerschiff Deutschland,
414–19.

  
33
.
 
Skl KTB, 6–7 June 1944, 96, 133–35.

  
34
.
 
For this interpretation, Salewski,
Seekriegsleitung,
2: 460–65.

  
35
.
 
Ibid., 407–16; Oven,
Mit Goebbels bis zum Ende,
2: 8; “An Interview with Walter Warlimont,”
WWII German Military Studies,
2: 9; Below,
Als Hitlers Adjutant,
374.

  
36
.
 
Skl KTB, 10 June 1944, 244.

  
37
.
 
Ibid., 13 June 1944, 329–30;
Lagevorträge,
589.

  
38
.
 
Skl KTB, 28 June 1944, 772.

  
39
.
 
HGr Nord, KTB, 9–10 July 1944, RH 19 III/311, 177–78, 199;
Lagevorträge,
595–96.

  
40
.
 
“Stichworte aus Besprechung bei Chef Skl am 12.7.,” RM 7/162, 656–59; Dönitz to Meisel, 11 July 1944, ibid., 654;
Lagevorträge,
598, 600.

  
41
.
 
Skl KTB, 12 July 1944, 267–68; Skl, “Betr.: ‘Weissdorn,’ ‘Rotdorn,’” 16 July 1944, RM 7/162, 626–28.

  
42
.
 
Skl KTB, 13–14 and 17–18 July 1944, 287, 306, 363–64, 386;
Lagevorträge,
600.

  
43
.
 
OKW, “Lageunterrichtung 8.7.,” RM 7/99, 25–26.

  
44
.
 
OKW, “Lageunterrichtung 19.7.,” RM 7/101, 100–103.

  
45
.
 
Skl KTB, 20 July 1944, 431.

  
46
.
 
Ibid., 433–35;
Lagevorträge,
601–603; Hoffmann,
German Resistance,
402.

  
47
.
 
Fröhlich, “Hitler und Goebbels im Krisenjahr 1944,” 208–209.

  
48
.
 
Mierzejewski, “When Did Albert Speer Give Up?” 392.

  
49
.
 
Junge,
Bis zur letzten Stunde,
149–50; Weinberg,
World at Arms,
754.

  
50
.
 
Oven,
Mit Goebbels bis zum Ende,
2: 101, 103–105; Lüdde-Neurath,
Regierung Dönitz,
17–18; Hancock,
National Socialist Leadership,
139–41.

  
51
.
 
Skl KTB, 24–25 July 1944, 509, 532; “Kurzlage des ObdM,” 14 Sept. 1944, RM 7/100, 271.

  
52
.
 
Skl KTB, 27–28 July 1944, 580, 619–20.

  
53
.
 
Ibid., 28–29 July 1944, 618, 638; AdmFHQu, “Lage im baltischen Raum,” 29 July 1944, RM 7/162, 563–64.

  
54
.
 
Skl, “Reise Ob Heeresgruppe Nord ins Führerhauptquartier,” 27 Aug. 1944, RM7/162, 416–17; Skl KTB, 27 Aug. 1944, 709–10.

  
55
.
 
“Vortrag des Chefs der Seekriegsleitung bei der Besprechung der Oberbefehlshaber in ‘Koralle’ am 24./25.8.44,” RM 7/100, 161–70.

  
56
.
 
OKW, “Nr. 9007/44,” 25 July 1944, RM 7/162, 602; Skl, “Vorgang: OKW/WFSt Op (M) Qu I Nr. 009007/44,” 25 July 1944, ibid., 605–606.

  
57
.
 
Skl KTB, 20 and 26 July 1944, 432, 562.

  
58
.
 
9.Sich.Div., KTB, 29 July 1944, RM 67/v.148, 234; Skl KTB, 11 Aug. 1944, 271.

  
59
.
 
Der Ob der Kriegsmarine, “B.Nr. Skl/Adm. VI 6648/44 S Nord,” 3 Aug. 1944, RM 7/162, 498; 9.Sich Div., KTB, 3 Aug. 1944, RM 67/v.149.

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