Hidden Depths: The Story of Hypnosis (69 page)

strategies, cognitive,
316
,
318
–
19
,
329

strength, increased,
32
,
160
;
see also
sports hypnosis

stress,
333
,
335
,
338
,
350
–
1
,
353
–
4
,
395
,
401

subliminal messaging,
366
–
9
,
382

suggestibility,
xxiv
,
xxvi
–
vii
,
xxix
,
10
,
14
,
16
,
27
,
33
–
4
,
53
,
58
,
121
,
123
,
137
,
155
,
216
,
218
–
19
,
224
,
270
,
302
,
304
,
313
–
15
,
329
,
369
,
382
–
3
,
392
,
406
;
see also
critical faculty, reduction in

suggestion,
16
–
17
,
22
–
3
,
33
,
58
,
71
,
82
,
89
–
90
,
121
–
3
,
202
–
3
,
214
–
16
,
222
–
5
,
297
,
299
–
300
,
302
,
316
,
320
,
326
,
335
–
6
,
341
,
370
,
376
,
398
,
400
,
402
,
406

post-hypnotic,
8
,
17
,
36
–
7
,
122
,
185
,
211
,
226
,
284
–
6
,
297
,
299
,
310
,
317
,
322
,
345
,
370
,
385
,
387

superlearning,
34
,
277

surgery,
24
,
120
,
122
,
124
–
6
,
138
,
141
,
174
,
183
,
186
–
9
,
195
–
201
,
214
,
277
,
316
,
319
,
321
,
333
–
4
,
357
,
391
,
420

susceptibility to hypnosis,
24
,
27
–
30
,
41
,
144
,
208
,
216
,
306
,
319
–
20
,
328
,
418

sympathy,
113
,
126
,
136
,
164
,
186
,
208
,
244
–
5
,
248

symptom substitution,
346

talismans,
53
,
356

task-motivation,
see
confidence

telekinesis,
129
,
245
–
6

telepathy,
35
,
109
–
10
,
121
,
123
,
125
–
6
,
130
,
140
,
148
,
208
,
241
,
243
–
4
,
248
–
9

temperature changes,
301
,
318
,
332

tests, for entrancement etc.,
xvii
,
7
,
19
,
24

Therapeutic Touch,
425

thought-transference,
see
telepathy

time-distortion,
26
,
34
,
40
,
123
,
335
,
392
,
406

traction,
208

tractor,
133
–
4

trance logic,
xxvii
,
26
,
236
,
322
–
3

transference,
xxvi
,
76
,
191
,
225
,
298
,
300
,
347

transposition of the senses,
131

treatment, methods of,
20
–
3
,
330
–
60
passim
trees, magnetized,
80
,
90
,
106
,
113
,
122

trust,
16
,
19
,
308
,
310
,
390
,
392
,
409
;
see also
rapport

truth-telling under hypnosis,
237
–
8
,
264
,
266
–
70
,
274
,
390

tyranny,
371
–
7

ultradian rhythms,
30
,
307
,
354
,
415

unconscious/subconscious/subliminal mind, the,
21
,
23
,
25
–
6
,
36
,
107
,
122
,
247
,
261
,
283
–
6
,
295
,
297
,
301
–
2
,
306
,
311
–
13
,
318
,
329
,
355
,
364
–
9
,
392
,
399
–
402
,
404
,
409

vapours, the,
80
,
82
,
106

Vatican, reactions to hypnosis of,
12
,
128

visualization,
59
,
153
,
338
,
341
,
370
,
395
,
403
–
5

voodoo,
44
,
115
,
384

waking up,
xxx
,
20
,
190
,
224
–
5
,
299
,
344
,
386
,
400

War of Independence, American,
87

warts,
332
,
340
–
1
,
351
,
358
–
9

will, hypnosis and,
xxvii
,
3
,
12
,
14
,
108
,
110
–
11
,
113
,
115
,
119
,
126
,
137
,
140
,
144
,
155
,
164
–
6
,
168
,
180
,
231
,
302
–
3
,
362
–
90
passim
,
399
,
410

inequality of,
xxix
–
xxx
,
16
,
58
,
161
,
374

in women,
4
,
28
–
9
,
145
,
212

witchcraft,
xxviii
,
56
,
58
,
74
,
180
,
217
,
388

xenoglossy,
255

1. John Barrymore as Svengali in the 1932 film of that name. The character was created by George du Maurier in his 1894 novel
Trilby
, and heightened the fears of Victorian matrons and maidens about Jews and the dangers of hypnosis.

2. Here Balsamo (Cagliostro) mesmerizes Lorenza, from Alexandre Dumas's novel
Joseph Balsamo
. It was firmly believed for most of the nineteenth century that women were more susceptible to hypnosis than men. Note the authoritarian pose of the mesmerist, and the sinister lighting.

3. This trick - the human plank, or full-body catalepsy - used to be a favourite of stage hypnotists. However, it is said to be possible even for non-hypnotized subjects.

4. The remarkable ability of hypnosis to anaesthetize has been exploited by stage hypnotists as well as by doctors and surgeons.

5. Hallucination is a well-documented phenomenon of deep hypnosis. The hypnotist maintains the illusion that he is manipulating a material force, while the girl believes she is nursing a young man who believes he is a baby.

6. An American advertisement from the 1960s promises sexual conquest through hypnosis. In fact, though, it is impossible to make even a hypnotized subject go against her moral code.

7. Franz Anton Mesmer (1734-1815), the irascible and controversial prophet of ‘animal magnetism' or ‘mesmerism', and the forerunner of hypnosis.

8. The Marquis de Puységur (1751-1825) was at first a loyal disciple of Mesmer, but later developed his own techniques and theories, which became the bridge between mesmerism and hypnosis.

9. Orthodox mesmerists believed that the healing power of magnetism could be transmitted by purely mechanical means, as well as by a magnetist in person. Here patients surround a magnetized tub and apply the rods to the afflicted parts of their bodies. Note the lady on the left swooning in mesmeric crisis.

10. This engraving from a book published in 1790 clearly illustrates the belief that a mesmerist was passing a physical force to the patient he was trying to heal. Contemporary stage hypnotists still use hand passes, even though the theory of mesmerism has long been refuted.

11. In 1784 Benjamin Franklin headed a French commission which damned mesmerism as worthless. In this contemporary cartoon Franklin routs the mesmeric asses, demons, witches and lechers, whose tub (see illustration 9) lies broken in the centre.