Here Is Where: Discovering America's Great Forgotten History (61 page)

Special thanks to:
Bill Lass in Mankato, who took me to the site; and Anne Stenzel at the Minnesota State University, Mankato Memorial Library.
Publications:
Gary Clayton Anderson and Alan R. Woolworth, eds.,
Narrative Accounts of the Minnesota Indian War of 1862
(St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press, 1988); Randy Dotinga, “Med Schools Cut Out Cadavers,”
Wired
(March 19, 2003); Linden F. Edwards, “Body Snatching in Ohio During the Nineteenth Century,”
Ohio History: The Scholarly Journal of the Ohio Historical Society
(vol. 59); Robert Elder, “Execution of Dakota Indian Nearly 150 Years Ago Spurs Calls for Pardon,”
New York Times
(December 14, 2010); Judith Hartzell,
I Started All This: The Life of Dr. William Worrall Mayo
(Greenville, S.C.: Arvi Books, 2004); Jerry Keenan,
The Great Sioux Uprising: Rebellion on the Plains, August-September 1862
(Cambridge, Mass.: Da Capo Press, 2003); Norman M. Keith and Thomas E. Keys, “The Anatomy Acts of 1831 and 1832: A Solution of a Medical Social Problem,”
AMA Archives of Internal Medicine
(vol. 99, May 1957); C. Brian Kelly,
Best Little Ironies, Oddities and Mysteries of the Civil War
(Nashville: Cumberland House Publishing, 2000); Jules Calvin Ladenheim, “The Doctors’ Mob of 1788,”
Journal of the History of Medicine
(winter 1950); Charles Donald O’Malley,
Andreas Vesalius of Brussels, 1514–1564
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964); Lisa Rosner,
The Anatomy Murders: Being the True and Spectacular History of Edinburgh’s Notorious Burke and Hare and of the Man of Science Who Abetted Them in the Commission of Their Most Heinous Crimes
(Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2009); Duane Schultz,
Over the Earth I Come: The Great Sioux Uprising of 1862
(New York: Thomas Dunne Books, 1992); Suzanne M. Shultz,
Body Snatching: The Robbing of Graves for the Education of Physicians in Early Nineteenth Century America
(Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 1992); Aaron D. Tward and Hugh A. Patterson, “From Grave Robbing to Gifting: Cadaver Supply in the United States,”
Journal of the American Medical Association
(March 6, 2002); John C. Warren,
Boston Medical and Surgical Journal
, published by the Massachusetts Medical Society (vol. 103); and D. T. Wheeler, “Creating a Body of Knowledge,”
Chronicle of Higher Education
(February 2, 1996).

Special thanks to:
Russell Archer and William L. Thompson, who work in the Historic Preservation Division of the Mississippi Department of Archives and History.
Publications:
Ethan Blue, “The Strange Career of Leo Stanley: Remaking Manhood and Medicine at San Quentin
State Penitentiary, 1913–1951,”
Pacific Historical Review
(vol. 78, no. 2, 2009); Alfred Jay Bollet, “Politics and Pellgra: The Epidemic of Pellagra in the U.S. in the Early Twentieth Century,”
Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine
(issue 65, 1992); Joann G. Elmore and Alvan R. Feinstein, “Joseph Goldberger: An Unsung Hero of American Clinical Epidemiology,”
History of Medicine
, published by the American College of Physicians (vol. 121, no. 5, September 1994); Allen M. Hornblum,
Acres of Skin: Human Experiments at Holmesburg Prison
(New York: Routledge, 1998); Allen M. Hornblum, “They Were Cheap and Available: Prisoners as Research Subjects in Twentieth Century America,”
BMJ
, published by the British Medical Association (November 29, 1997); Zereena Hussain, “MIT to Pay Victims $1.85 Million in Fernald Radiation Settlement,”
The Tech
, published by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (January 7, 1998); Gina Kolata, “Vanderbilt Sued on Radiation,”
New York Times
(February 2, 1994); Alan M. Kraut,
Goldberger’s War: The Life and Work of a Public Health Crusader
(New York: Hill and Wang, 2003); Susan E. Lederer,
Subjected to Science: Human Experimentation in America Before the Second World War
(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995); Barron H. Lerner, “Subjects or Objects? Prisoners and Human Experimentation,”
New England Journal of Medicine
(May 3, 2007); Jonathan D. Moreno,
Undue Risk: Secret State Experiments on Humans
(New York: Routledge, 2001); Leo L. Stanley with the collaboration of Evelyn Wells,
Men at Their Worst
(New York: D. Appleton-Century Company, 1940); Eileen Welsome,
The Plutonium Files: America’s Secret Medical Experiments in the Cold War
(New York: Delta, 1999); and Tom Zoellner,
Uranium: War, Energy, and the Rock That Shaped the World
(New York: Viking Penguin, 2009).

Special thanks to:
Patrick Dowd, Cletus Kurtzman, Katherine O’Hara, and Jackie Shepherd at the USDA National Center; Bob Killion at the Peoria Historical Society; and Sherri Schneider and Karen Deller in the Special Collections Center of Bradley University’s Cullom-Davis Library.
Publications:
Alexander Fleming Laboratory Museum, “The Discovery and Development of Penicillin 1928–1945” (November 19, 1999); C. Verne Bloch, “ ‘Moldy Mary’ Gave Penicillin a Boost,”
Peoria Journal Star
(May 8, 1962); Kevin Brown,
Penicillin Man: Alexander Fleming and the Antibiotic Revolution
(Stroud, U.K.: Sutton Publishing, 2004); Robert D. Coghill, “Penicillin: Science’s Cinderella,”
Chemical and Engineering News
, published by the American Chemical Society (vol. 22, no. 8, April 25, 1944); Gail Compton, “Spoiled Melon Fruitful Field for Penicillin: Good Mold Producer for Wonder Drug,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
(May 7, 1944); Eric Lax,
The Mold in Dr. Florey’s Coat: The Story of the Penicillin Miracle
(New York: Henry Holt and Company, 2004); Frank H. Stodola, “Penicillin: Breakthrough to the Era of Antibiotics,”
USDA Yearbook of Agriculture
(1968); Stevenson Swanson, “How Peoria-Produced Penicillin Helped Win WWII,”
Peoria Journal Star
(April 23, 1995); U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, “Always Something New: A Cavalcade of Scientific Discovery” (Miscellaneous Publication Number 1507, November 1993); U.S. Department of Agriculture, Science and Education Administration, “Chronology Contrasts Penicillin Research with War Needs,”
Research News
(August 11, 1980); and Robert Weidrich, “Beer Size Vats Put Penicillin in Reach of All: It’s American Story of Free Science,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
(September 25, 1952).

Special thanks to:
Art and Nancy Larson for kindly showing me around Miles City; Jeryl and Lorraine Hilleman, for sharing Dr. Hilleman’s story and autobiography with me; and
Mayor Joe Whalen.
Publications:
Lawrence K. Altman, “Obituary: Maurice Hilleman, Vaccine Creator,”
New York Times
(April 13, 2005); John E. Calfee, “Medicine’s Miracle Man: Maurice Hilleman’s Remarkable Period of Industrial Scientific Research Yielded the Most Cost-Effective Medicines Ever Made,”
The American, the Journal of the American Enterprise Institute
(January 23, 2009); Huntly Collins, “The Man Who Saved Your Life—Maurice R. Hilleman,”
Philadelphia Enquirer
(August 30, 1999); “Maurice Hilleman, Pioneer of Preventive Medicine, Died on April 11th, Aged 85,”
The Economist
(April 21, 2005); Thomas H. Maugh II, “Maurice R. Hilleman, 85; Scientist Developed Many Vaccines That Saved Millions of Lives,”
Los Angeles Times
(April 13, 2005); Paul A. Offit, MD,
Vaccinated: One Man’s Quest to Defeat the World’s Deadliest Diseases
(New York: HarperCollins, 2007); Christopher Reed, “Maurice Hilleman: Medical Scientist Whose Vaccines Saved Millions of Lives,”
The Guardian
(April 15, 2005); Caroline Richmond, “Maurice Hilleman: Inventor of More Than 40 Vaccines,”
The Independent
(April 20, 2005); Patricia Sullivan, “Maurice R. Hilleman Dies; Created Vaccines,”
Washington Post
(April 13, 2005); and “Maurice Hilleman: Trail-Blazing Biologist Whose Vaccines Saved Millions from Death—and Tens of Millions from Disease”
The Times
(April 19, 2005).

Special thanks to:
Helen Hall and Jamie Wright at the Haskell Township Library for all their assistance; William McKale, director of the 1st Infantry Division Museum at Fort Riley; and Paul and Bill Miner, who kindly shared stories about their father with me.
Publications:
John M. Barry,
The Great Influenza: The Story of the Deadliest Pandemic in History
(New York: Viking Penguin, 2004); William E. Connelley,
A Standard History of Kansas and Kansans
(Chicago: Lewis Publishing Co., 1919); Ceci Connolly, “A Grisly but Essential Issue: Pandemic Plan Skims Over How to Deal with Many Corpses,”
Washington Post
(June 9, 2006); Alfred W. Crosby,
America’s Forgotten Pandemic: The Influenza of 1918, New Edition
, 2nd ed. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003); Jack Fincher, “America’s Deadly Rendezvous with the ‘Spanish Lady,’ ”
Smithsonian
(January 1989); John F. Kelly, “1918, Washington’s Season of Death,”
Washington Post
(January 22, 2004); Christine M. Kreiser, “Influenza 1918: The Enemy Within,”
American History
(December 2006); Naval Historical Center, “A Winding Sheet and a Wooden Box,”
Navy Medicine
(vol. 77, no. 3, May/June 1986); Alice Park, “A Flu Strain Goes Kerflooey,”
Time
(March 23, 2009); PBS, “Influenza 1918,”
American Experience
(transcript); Gustav Person, “The Flu Strikes Belvoir: Camp A.A. Humphreys and the Spanish Influenza Pandemic of 1918,”
On Point
, published by the Army Historical Foundation (fall 2008); Steve Sternberg, “What a Pandemic Taught Us,”
USA Today
(April 22, 2010); and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, “The Great Pandemic: The United States in 1918–1919,”
http://1918.pandemicflu.gov/your_state/kansas.htm
.

Special thanks to:
Pastor Brian Crockett; Lisa Fallgren, my fellow passenger between Brevig Mission and Nome; Laura Samuelson, director of the Carrie M. McClain Memorial Museum, which is where I found the Levi Ashton letter; and Dr. Jeffery Taubenberger.
Publications:
T. A. Badger, “Nome-Area Residents Recall Deadly 1918 Flu Epidemic,”
Northland News
(May 1993); David Brown, “On the Trail of the 1918 Influenza Epidemic,”
Washington Post
(February 27, 2001); R. S. Henry,
The Armed Forces Institute of Pathology—Its First Century 1862–1962
(Washington, D.C.: Office of the Surgeon General, Department of the Army, 1964); Christopher C. Kelly, “Breaking the Genetic Code; AFIP’s Taubenberger Unlocks Mystery to 1918 Spanish Flu: Findings Play Major Role in H5N1 Pandemic Preparations,”
AFIP Newsletter
(vol. 163, no. 3, fall 2005); Gina Kolata,
Flu: The Story of the Great Influenza Pandemic of 1918 and the Search for the Virus That Caused It
(New York: Touchstone, 1999; reissued, 2005); Elizabeth Pennisi, “First Genes Isolated from the Deadly 1918 Flu Virus,”
Science
(vol. 275, March 21, 1997); and Ned Rozell, “Permafrost Preserves Clues to Deadly 1918 Flu,”
Alaska Science Forum
(article #1386, April 29, 1998).

Special thanks to:
Thomas Ashe Lockhart for taking me to Mepkin Abbey to see Henry Laurens’s grave; and Clay Kilgore and Janet Wareham at the Washington County PA Historical Society.
Publications:
Brown University, “Slavery and Justice: Report of the Brown University Steering Committee on Slavery and Justice” (February 2007); John Duffy,
The Sanitarians: A History of American Public Health
(Urbana: University of Chicago Press, 1992); Margaret C. McCullough,
Fearless Advocate of the Right: The Life of Francis Julius LeMoyne, M.D., 1798–1879
(Boston: Christopher Publishing House, 1941); “Baron De Palm’s Request. His Remains to Be Cremated on Wednesday,”
New York Times
(December 4, 1876); “Another Body to Be Cremated: The Remains of Samuel D. Gross to Be Reduced to Ashes,”
New York Times
(May 8, 1884); Stephen Prothero,
Purified by Fire: A History of Cremation in America
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001); David Ramsay, ed.,
Memoirs of Martha Laurens Ramsay, Who Died in Charleston, S.C., on the 10th of June, 1811, in the 52d Year of Her Age with Extracts from Her Diary, Letters, and Other Private Papers
(Philadelphia: American Sunday-School Union, 1923); Fred Rosen,
Cremation in America
(Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books, 2004); Lori Stiles, “Eugene Shoemaker Ashes Carried on Lunar Prospector,”
University of Arizona News Services
(January 6, 1998); Ethan Trex, “10 Bizarre Places for Cremation Ashes,”
Mental Floss
(August 2, 2010); and David Duncan Wallace,
The Life of Henry Laurens
(New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1915).

Special thanks to:
Steven Caudill, who took me to Boone’s gravesite in Frankfort, Kentucky, and shared with me a wealth of information about Boone’s life.
Publications:
Nancy Disher Baird,
Luke Pryor Blackburn: Physician, Governor, Reformer
(Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1979); Dan Barry, “Restoring Dignity to Sitting Bull, Wherever He Is,”
New York Times
(January 28, 2007); Leo A. Bressler, “Peter Porcupine and the Bones of Thomas Paine,”
Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography
(vol. 82, no. 2, April 1858); Meredith Mason Brown,
Frontiersman: Daniel Boone and the Making of America
(Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2008); CBS News, “Jesse James Grave Mix-up: Misplaced Headstone Shifted over the Years” (transcript, June 30, 2000); David W. Chen, “Rehabilitating Thomas Paine, Bit by Bony Bit,”
New York Times
(March 30, 2001); Paul Collins,
The Trouble with Tom: The Strange Afterlife and Times of Thomas Paine
(London: Bloomsbury, 2006); Lyman C. Draper, Ted Franklin Belue, ed.,
The Life of Daniel Boone
(Mechanigsburg, Pa.: Stackpole Books, 1998); John Mack Faragher,
Daniel Boone: The Life and Legend of an American Hero
(New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1992); Harvey J. Kaye,
Thomas Paine and the Promise of America
(New York: Hill and Wang, 2005); Robert Morgan,
Boone: A Biography
(Chapel Hill: Algonquin Books, 2007); Edwin W. Murphy,
After the Funeral: The Posthumous Adventures of Famous Corpses
(New York: Citadel Press, 1995); “The Paine Monument at Last Finds a Home,”
New York Times
(October 15, 1905); Paul W. Prindle, “The 1752 Calendar Change,”
American Genealogist
(October 1964); George B. Wilson, “Genealogy and the Calendar,”
Maryland Magazine of Genealogy
(fall 1978); and Henry C. Young, “The Gregorian Calendar and Its Effect on Genealogical Research,”
Niagra Frontier Genealogical Society Magazine
(June 1944).