Authors: Joseph Teller
“But if that's not enough for you, there's even more. You've got the official record, the NYPD's cross-index of
all informers. Let me say that again.
All informers.
And Clarence Hightower's name isn't in it. How does Mr. Jaywalker explain that inconvenient detail? He doesn't. He doesn't because he
can't.
“Ladies and gentlemen, when it comes right down to it, this is as simple a case as it could possibly be. This defendant, Alonzo Barnett, a man who's been selling drugs for most of his life, sold drugs once again. But this time he sold them to an undercover officer. Not just drugs, but heroin. Not just in small amounts, but large ones. Wholesale amounts. A-1 felony amounts. And not just once or twice, but three times, if you count the third time, when he was interrupted in the process. His claim that he did all that to repay a debt is supported by nothing but his own words, and is belied by his own admission that he keptâand was about to keep once againâpart of the money he skimmed off the top. That's not the act of someone who's repaying a debt. That's the act of someone who's looking to profit from his own criminal acts.
“What a shame the defendant couldn't own up and take responsibility for those criminal acts. Instead he asks you to believe that he was forced into committing them, that the Devil made him do it. Only this particular devil, he tells you, was named Clarence Hightower. How convenientâand how cowardly.
“Well, ladies and gentlemen, just because the defendant refuses to take responsibility for his criminal acts doesn't mean you can't assign responsibility to him. How do you go about doing that? Very simple. Tomorrow, right after the judge has finished instructing you on the law, she's going to tell you that you may retire to the jury room to begin your deliberations. You know what you're going to do? You're going to tell her that won't be necessary. Because there's nothing to deliberate about in this
case. The defendant takes the stand and admits selling or trying to sell heroin to Agent St. James on the three dates specified in the indictment, exactly as Agent St. James testified. Agent Angel Cruz tells you that when he arrested the defendant he searched him and found more than four ounces of white powder and five hundred dollars. The serial numbers on those five hundred dollars match the numbers of the bills given the defendant by Agent St. James some twenty minutes earlier. Finally, a United States chemist comes in and verifies that it was indeed heroin each time, and that the weights more than satisfied the requirements of the statutes the defendant is charged with violating. End of case. Forget about this entrapment nonsense. That's nothing but a red herring brought in by a desperate defense lawyer in order to distract you. A smoke screen to keep you from focusing on your job.
“So,” Pulaski told them, “you tell the judge that there's no need to retire, and no issues to deliberate. You tell her that the defendant may not think people are responsible for their actions, but you do. You tell her that you find the defendant guilty as charged.”
And turning to face the defense table, he added, “Now that, Mr. Jaywalker, is what justice
really
is in this case.”
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There are lawyers who sleep like babies after summing up. All the pressure is finally over. All that's left are the judge's charge, the jurors' deliberations and the reading of the verdict.
Jaywalker, of course, is different.
Even though it had been more than two weeks since he'd gotten a good night's sleep, that night would be no exception. Daniel Pulaski's surprisingly strong summation had unnerved him, caused him to have second
thoughtsâmake that third thoughtsâabout not having gone into the alternative defense of agency. He was convinced he'd picked a bad jury, not smart enough to understand the nuances of something as complicated as entrapment. Shirley Levine's upcoming charge worried him. Worst of all, he'd noticed that the same jurors who'd struck him as receptive during his summation had seemed equally attentive to Pulaski's arguments. He should have called other members of the backup team, on the theory that one of them might have slipped up and confirmed that Hightower had been an informer. He shouldn't have spent so much time cross-examining the chemist and numbing the jurors with nonsense about weights and additives and percentages. He should have stayed at the DEA, or gone to medical school instead of law school.
Because by now it was absolutely clear: Alonzo Barnett was going to be convicted. Jaywalker was going to lose.
Again.
The last time he looked at the clock beside the bed it said two forty-four.
Jury-watching
A
mong the many things he is, Jaywalker is a jury watcher. He watches potential jurors as they first enter a courtroom at a point when they have no idea about the type of case they're being screened for. He studies their reactions like a hawk as the judge reads off the charges or reveals something particularly distasteful about the facts. He looks for the jurors' reactions to himself and to his adversary, trying to gauge which one of them is going to be their favorite. He checks to see whom they've chosen to sit next to in the audience, and whether they whisper to the man on their left or the woman on their right once they've been seated in the jury box. What are they wearing? What have they brought with them? Are they excited at the idea of being there, or do they see jury duty as an imposition? If a recess is called, are they willing to walk close by the defense table as they enter or leave the courtroom, or do they instinctively go out of their way to give the defendant a wide berth?
These things count, every one of them and a hundred more like them. And even early in his career, even as early as 1986, Jaywalker had learned to read jurors the same
way a sailor learns to read clouds or a firefighter learns to read smoke.
And as he watched and tried to read the jurors' faces that Tuesday morning as they sat and listened to Shirley Levine's charge, he was almost immediately seized by panic.
They weren't listening.
Oh, they were listening, but not
really
listening. Not perched on the edges of their seats as they should have been, leaning forward to make sure they didn't miss a single word. Not listening the way they had during his summation or Pulaski's.
And right then, he knew it was over.
Had the case been a whodunit, or a simple he-said/she-said, he could have lived with their inattentiveness. Other than reasonable doubt and burden of proof, there wouldn't have been too much the judge could have told them that they didn't already know from having heard the evidence.
But the case
wasn't
a whodunit. It
didn't
come down to a straightforward matter of deciding which version of the facts to believe and which to reject. Entrapment was pretty esoteric stuff. Crammed into the single paragraph of section 40.05 were more than half a dozen complex issuesâburden of proof, inducement, encouragement, public servant or a person cooperating with one, substantial risk, previous disposition,
active
inducement or cooperation, and mere opportunity to commit an offense. This wasn't the stuff jurors were born knowing about. Each of those phrases had a highly technical, legal meaning. And the outcome of this case depended on how the jurors decided to apply those meanings to the facts they'd heard.
Yet they were barely listening.
They'd already made up their minds.
They'd done exactly what Daniel Pulaski had told them to do. They'd heard Trevor St. James say he'd bought heroin from Alonzo Barnett twice and had been in the process of buying it a third time when Barnett had been arrested. They'd learned that Barnett had not only had an eighth of a kilogram of heroin when he'd been searched, but five hundred dollars of the prerecorded buy money.
That had been all they'd needed to know.
Everything else had gone right over their heads. All the business about the eighth-floor/twelfth-floor, all the nonsense about the weights and additives and percentages, all the suggestions that Clarence Hightower might have been working with the police. They couldn't care less.
And who could blame them? The crack epidemic was taking the city by storm. Drugs were a scourge, and heroin was among the very worst of drugs. There was a war being waged, and men like Trevor St. James and Dino Pascarella were the soldiers in the front line, while scum like Alonzo Barnett and Clarence Hightower were the enemy. In the final analysis, there was no need for nuance, no room for clever defense lawyering. It all came down to a choice between the good guys and the bad guys. And that was no choice at all.
Even Barnett seemed to sense it. At one point he nudged Jaywalker and drew his attention to a juror in the second row, a woman who'd turned away from the judge and was staring out the window. Jaywalker nodded grimly, having already noticed her. Then he shrugged. What was he supposed to do? Point her out to the judge and get the woman admonished? All that would do would be to guarantee her vote for conviction.
Not that it mattered.
Not that any of it mattered anymore.
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Shirley Levine's charge took just under an hour. It helped that Jaywalker had dropped his agency argument from his summation. As a result, the judge barely felt compelled to instruct the jurors on it. But having said she would, she did. And she spent fifteen minutes on entrapment, but they struck Jaywalker as a bland, bloodless fifteen minutes, the highlight of which seemed to be that the defense bore the burden of proof on the issue.
By the time Levine reached the last of her instructions, that the jury's verdict would have to be unanimous and that they were to communicate with her only through written notes from their foreman, Jaywalker found himself looking through his pocket calendar, wondering what might be a good day to come back to court to stand up on Alonzo Barnett's sentencing.
It was that bad.
“Now,” the judge was telling them, “you may follow the court officer and retire to the jury room to begin your deliberations.”
“That won't be necessary,” said the foreman.
Up yours, Mac!
I
t wasn't as if Jaywalker was a complete stranger to convictions. Even if he'd accumulated less than his fair share of them, he'd had enough to know they were a fact of life for every defense lawyer this side of Hollywood. And now he was looking at two in a row. A
losing streak,
in sports parlance.
Back-to-back defeats.
Worse yet, he'd never had one quite like this.
He'd never had a jury convict without even showing the courtesy to go back to the jury room. He knew that jurors discussed cases long before the evidence was completed and they were told they could begin their deliberations. But to arrive at an actual verdict without retiring to the jury room? If nothing else, they could have sat around and eaten the sandwiches brought in for them at the taxpayers' expense. And even if none of them wanted to wrestle with concepts like entrapment and inducement and encouragement, common decency still dictated that they kill an hour before marching back into the courtroom to convict the defendant. They could have thought of his lawyer, if nothing else.
No, this was a new low.
This was embarrassing.
This was fucking
humiliating,
is what it was.
“
Excuse
me?” The judge was staring at the foreman, a small bald man who'd given his name as Runyon and had described himself as an accountant, although not a CPA.
“I said it won't be necessary for us to retire and deliberate,” he repeated in a voice that to Jaywalker sounded somewhere between indifferent and downright cruel. “We've reached our verdict.”
“Not another word, sir,” cautioned the judge. “Remember that I told you to communicate with the court only through a written note?”
“Here you are,” said Runyonâand extended a folded piece of paper that apparently had been in his hand the whole time. Hell, thought Jaywalker, it might have been there for
days,
perhaps a
week.
Why in God's name had he ever let an
accountant
onto the jury? A guy who did nothing but sit around all day crunching numbers, and was either too dumb or too lazy to even get certified?
I deserved this, Jaywalker decided. I really did.
But Alonzo Barnett didn't.
“Objection!” Jaywalker shouted, jumping to his feet. The sudden intensity of his own voice surprised even him. “The jury
has
to deliberate.” Even as the judge banged her gavel in an attempt to silence him, he continued to stand, at the same time frantically thumbing through his dog-eared copy of the Criminal Procedure Law. “Here it is!” he shouted triumphantly. “Section three-ten point ten, subdivision one. âThe jury
must
retire to deliberate upon its verdict in a place outside the courtroom. It must be provided with suitable accommodaâ'”
“Sit down, Mr. Jaywalker, and please shut up.”
The judge's last two words, even with the “please” that prefaced them, accomplished what the banging of her gavel hadn't been able to. Jaywalker sat down, and
he shut up. But even as he did, he held the book aloft for Levine to see the words. As if she'd be able to make out the microscopic print from twenty-five feet away.
With Jaywalker's ranting finally cut off, the courtroom gradually grew quiet, except for a bit of residual snickering coming from the direction of the jury box.
Great,
he thought, looking down at his shoes, the black one and the brown one. Not only have they gone and convicted my client without so much as deliberating, now they're laughing at me. Well, fuck them. He lifted his gaze and turned to stare at them. He wanted to see if collectively they had an ounce of shame left.
Apparently they didn't. They were staring right back at him, every last one of them. Even the alternates. A couple of them were even gesturing derisively now. One was raising and lowering both hands, palms down, as though trying to calm down an unruly child. Another was rudely shushing him with a finger pressed to her lips. Yet another, a guy in the second row, had made a fist and was pointing his thumb upwards, as if to say, “Up yours, Mac!”
Off to one side, Jaywalker could feel a tugging on his sleeve. He tried to pull away from it, but it only grew more insistent. He turned in annoyance. Looking directly at Alonzo Barnett, he snapped, “Back off, will you? Getting railroaded like this might be okay with you, but it's not okay with me.”
Barnett's only response was to smile gently.
Fucking lunatic,
was all Jaywalker could think. Here he's going off to die in prison, and he's all serene and Zen-like about it, while I'm the one who's totally bat-shit. “It's
not
okay,” he told Barnett again. “It's not okay at all.”
“I think maybe it actually might be,” said Barnett, pointing toward the jury box. “I think they might be trying to tell us something.”