God’s Traitors: Terror & Faith in Elizabethan England (68 page)

26
   Anstruther,
Vaux
, pp. 100–1.

27
   Caraman,
Garnet
, p. 128.

28
   Pollen,
Unpublished Documents
, p. 317.

29
   Parker,
Grand Strategy
, p. 189.

PART TWO: ELEANOR AND ANNE

1
     Miola,
Early Modern Catholicism
, p. 193.

9
The Widow and the Virgin

1
     Anstruther,
Vaux
, p. 101; Persons, ‘Life and Martyrdom’, 12, p. 30.

2
     LRO Parish Register, Ashby Magna, 19 November 1587.

3
     Lessius and Androtius,
The Treasure of Vowed Chastity
, sig. *5 & p. 310.

4
     Anstruther,
Vaux
, p. 188.

5
     ABSI Anglia A I, 73, f 138v; Cross, ‘Letters of Sir Francis Hastings’, p. 19;
DEP
, p. 400.

6
     Anstruther,
Vaux
, p. 189; BL Add. MS 39828, f. 271v; Rhodes,
This Tight Embrace
, p. 237.

7
     BL Add. MS 39828, f. 277r; 39829, f. 13r.

8
     Lessius and Androtius,
The Treasure of Vowed Chastity
, sig. *6r.

9
     Pollen,
Unpublished Documents
, p. 320.

10
   ABSI Anglia A I, 73, f 138v; HMC Salisbury, 18, p. 109; Foley,
Records
, IV, p. 141; Anstruther,
Vaux
, p. 276; Caraman,
Garnet
, pp. 63–4, 187, 258, 296; PRO SP 12/287, f. 72r.

11
   PRO SP 14/20, f. 29r.

12
   PRO SP 14/216/121, f. 23r.

13
   Inner Temple, Petyt MS 538.38, f. 415r. Francis Taylor was Catholic, but supported the faction of secular priests who opposed the Jesuits. He accused the Society of luring away his wife, keeping her from him for almost two years, slandering him as an excommunicated ‘lewd fellow’ and seeking his death at the gallows.

14
   PRO SP 14/20, ff. 29r, 30v for the quotations. For the controversy, see ch. 25 below.

15
   Devlin,
Southwell
, p. 140.

16
   BL Add. MS 39828, f. 60r.

17
   Foley,
Records
, VII, p. 1352.

18
   Colleton,
A Just Defence
, p. 248.

19
   Caraman,
Garnet
, p. 250.

20
   Palmes,
Dorothy Lawson
, pp. 18–19, 40. Also, Lux-Sterritt,
Redefining Female Religious Life
, pp. 121–2 and
passim
.

21
   Stubbs,
Donne
, p. 15.

22
   Colleton,
A Just Defence
, p. 248. At the time, Colleton and Garnet were on opposing sides of the intra-clerical dispute known as the Archpriest Controversy. See ch. 14 below.

23
   Gardiner, ‘Two Declarations’, p. 515; CP, 110, no. 16.

24
   
DEP
, p. 296; Caraman,
Garnet
, p. 198; PRO SP 14/19, f. 136.

25
   Rowlands, ‘Recusant Women’, p. 163.

26
   Sheldon,
Survey
, p. 135.

27
   Anstruther,
Vaux
, p. 189.

28
   Weber, ‘Little Women’, p. 144.

29
   Palmes,
Dorothy Lawson
, p. 13.

30
   Hamilton,
Chronicle
, II, p. 166.

31
   Anstruther,
Vaux
, p. 188.

32
   BL Harl. MS 6998, f. 199r.

33
   Rowlands, ‘Recusant Women’, pp. 152–5, 176
n
.

34
   BL Add. MS 39828, f. 275r.

35
   PRO SP 14/216/193.

36
   PRO SP 14/20, f. 29v. See McCoog, ‘Slightest Suspicion of Avarice’, p. 114.

37
   Hodgetts, ‘Certificate’, II, p. 12.

38
   PRO SP 12/208, ff. 75r, 91r, 93r.

39
   Lake and Questier,
The Trials of Margaret Clitherow
, pp. 106–8, 198. This is the best and most recent account.

40
   Foley,
Records
, VII, p. 1039; Bod MS Eng. Th. B. 2, p. 118.

41
   Caraman,
Garnet
, pp. 200–2; J. H. Baker, ‘Beaumont, Francis’,
ODNB
.

42
   NRO FH 124, f. 83 (The Privy Council to Lord Chancellor Hatton, Lieutenant General of Northants., 4 January 1588).

43
   Mattingly,
The Defeat of the Spanish Armada
, pp. 190–1.

10
Fright and Rumour

1
     Mattingly,
The Defeat of the Spanish Armada
, p. 160.

2
     Parker,
Grand Strategy
, pp. 188, 203; Hogge,
God’s Secret Agents
, p. 5.

3
     Alford,
Burghley
, p. 306.

4
     Younger, ‘If the Armada Had Landed’.

5
     John Ponet,
A Shorte Treatise of Politike Power
(1556), sig. LIVr.

6
     Aubrey,
Brief Lives
, pp. 147, 156.

7
     NRO FH 124, f. 83; HMC Rutland, 1, p. 232.

8
     HMC Bath, 5, p. 92.

9
     BL Add. MS 39828, f. 140r; Bod MS Tanner 118, no. 14.

10
   Pollen,
Unpublished Documents
, pp. 325–7.

11
   
LJ
, II, p. 151. Also pp. 153–65.

12
   PRO SP 12/233, f. 21; Bowler and McCann,
Recusants in the Exchequer Pipe Rolls
, pp. 180–1. Also Bowler,
Recusant Roll No. 2
, p. xxxi.

13
   BL Add. MS 39828, f. 207r; PRO C 89/7/22: Private Act, 35 Eliz I, no. 16 (
SR
IV, p. 841).

14
   BL Add. MS 39828, ff. 178r, 187v, 190r.

15
   NRO WR 337.

16
   PRO SP 12/183, f. 218v; 12/187, f. 78r.

17
   Goring and Wake, ‘Northamptonshire Lieutenancy Papers’, p. 64; Bowler and McCann,
Recusants in the Exchequer Pipe Rolls
, p. 34. For the Earl of Arundel, see: Brigden,
New Worlds, Lost Worlds
, p. 294.

18
   Heale, ‘Contesting Terms’, pp. 197–8; Laughton,
State Papers
, p. 30.

19
   Allen,
Admonition to the Nobility
, sig. D3.

20
   PRO SP 12/239, f. 36r.

21
   
CSP Rome, 1558–1571
, p. 400; PRO SP 12/191, f.101r.

22
   
CSP Spanish
IV, pp. 184–6.

23
   BL Add. MS 39828, f. 140v.

24
   Parker,
Grand Strategy
, p. 214.

25
   Alford,
Burghley
, p. 307.

26
   Dekker,
The Wonderful Year
, p. 167.

27
   BL Add. MS 39828, f. 139v.

28
   Clark,
England’s Remembrancer
, opening passage.

29
   BL Add. MS 39828, f. 142v. For ‘Ely, my familiar prison’, see Ibid, f. 227r.

30
   Southwell,
Humble Supplication
, ed. Bald, App. I.

31
   BL Add. MS 39828, f. 230r.

32
   Ibid., ff. 139v, 142r.

33
   Caraman,
Garnet
, pp. 71–2, 79–81; Devlin,
Southwell
, p. 167.

34
   PRO SP 12/208, ff. 91–3.

11
Mrs Brooksby’s Household

1
     Caraman,
Garnet
, pp. 152–3.

2
     PRO SP 12/229, f. 137r; Gerard,
Narrative
, p. 282; Gerard,
Autobiography
, pp. 41–3.

3
     For Baddesley Clinton, see Squiers,
Secret Hiding-Places
, pp. 28–34; Gerard,
Autobiography
, App. B. It may be significant that Thomas Tomlinson and Nathaniel Birkhead, who were involved in the release of the moiety of Baddesley Clinton on 13 July 1601, were witnesses (along with Ambrose Vaux) to the lease of the manor of Isham (formerly part of the Vaux patrimony) on 27 March 1599 and a related deed a fortnight later (Shakespeare Centre, DR 3/349; NRO YZ 8241–2). On 27 March 1599 Nathaniel Birkhead and Ambrose Vaux also witnessed the lease of Kirby Hall, ‘a princely mansion’ in Northamptonshire, which Eliza Vaux hoped to set up as a Jesuit stronghold (NRO FH 3013; Gerard,
Autobiography
, p. 149).

          On 19 February 1596 Baddesley Clinton was conveyed to George Shirley of Staunton Harold, Leicestershire, who had very close links to the Vauxes: Shakespeare Centre, DR 3/338; NRO WR 337; PRO SP 12/183, f. 76r; PRO SP 12/238, f. 188r; SP 38/9; PRO E 178/3628; E 377/32 & 33;
Stemmata Shirleiana
, pp. 39, 63, 69, 83–8. For Henry Garnet’s letter to George Shirley’s sister Elizabeth in 1605, see Caraman,
Garnet
, p. 320.

          For Rowington Hall, see Brown, ‘Paperchase’, pp. 134–7; Woodall, ‘Recusant Rowington’, pp. 6–11. For John Grissold of Rowington
alias
James Johnson, see Hodgetts, ‘Certificate’, I, p. 28; II, p. 12; PRO SP 14/216, nos. 70, 188.

          The close proximity of Baddesley Clinton to Rowington Hall means that evidence pointing to one tends also to support the other. Anne Vaux’s servant, John Grissold, may have come from Rowington, for example, but so did several servants of Henry Ferrers of Baddesley Clinton (cf. Laurence Cowper and William Shipton in BL Add. MS 4102, f. 13r and Hodgetts, ‘Certificate’, I, p. 28; II, p. 20). Thurstian Tubs of Rowington, examined in 1584, said that he heard of a priest at William Skinner’s house who ‘read upon a Latin portesse in his orchard or garden’. Three years earlier, at Skinner’s brother-in-law’s house ‘of Bushwood’, Tubs had met a priest ‘with his chalice and a book in his hand going toward Baddesley, but whether the same were the man which was said to be harboured at Mr Skinner’s or no, he knoweth not’ (PRO SP 12/167, f. 61r). Incidentally, Bushwood (
alias
Lapworth) Hall was the birthplace of Anne and Eleanor’s cousin, Robert Catesby, the architect of the Gunpowder Plot (Hodgetts, ‘Certificate’, I, 28).