France and the Nazi Threat: The Collapse of French Diplomacy 1932-1939 (97 page)

126
.
    
Ibid., note. See Kral, “Das Abkommen von München, 1938,”
Tschechoslowakische diplomatische Dokumente
, no. 200, pp. 237–238.

127
.
    
DDF
, 2, XI, no. 229, Lacroix (received 9:15 p.m.). Text of the answer in
DDF
, 2, XI, no. 234, Lacroix, 20 September 1938.

128
.
    
DDF
, 2, XI, no. 232, Lacroix, 20 September 1938, received at 9:45 p.m. This document is certainly authentic since it can be found not just in the files of Bonnet but also in the Daladier papers. (
Fondation nationale des sciences politiques
.)

129
.
    
Bonnet,
De Washington au Quai d’Orsay
, p. 247 sq.

130
.
    
CEP
, VII, p. 2178.

131
.
    
21 September at 1:20 a.m. (
DBFP
, 3, II, no 991) or at 3:30 am (
DDF
, 2, XI, no. 250, Note from the Department.

132
.
    
See
DDF
, 2, XI, no. 252, Note from the Minister, 21 September 1938, and note p. 397.

133
.
    
DBFP
, 3, II, no. 998.

134
.
    
DDF
, 2, XI, no. 257, Lacroix, 21 September 1938 (received at 6:30 p.m.) and an account by Lacroix in no. 260.

135
.
    
DDF
, 2, XI, no. 277, Corbin, 22 September 1938, 1:18 a.m.

136
.
    
DDF
, 2, XI, no. 287, Corbin, 22 September 1938, 11:30 p.m.

137
.
    
DDF
, 2, XI, no. 311, Corbin, 23 September 1938, 8 p.m.

138
.
    
DDF
, 2, XI, no. 308, Lacroix (following a telephone conversation with Léger), 23 September 1938. See ibid., p. 477, no. 3, and no. 314, Corbin, 23 September 1938, 8:50 p.m. See notes of the
Deuxième Bureau
of the EMA (no. 354, 25 September 1938, and no. 355, 23 September 1938).

139
.
    
DDF
, 2, XI, no. 343, Note from the Army High Command, 24 September 1939.

140
.
    
Monzie,
Ci-devant
, pp. 36–37.

141
.
    
Carnets secrets de Jean Zay
, pp. 8–9; *Churchill,
L’orage approche 1919
–
1939 [The Gathering Storm]
, p. 309; Monzie, op. cit., pp. 34–35.

142
.
    
Monzie, op. cit., p. 33.

143
.
    
Ibid., p. 34.

144
.
    
DDF
, 2, XI, no. 341, Flandin to Bonnet. Annex: Flandin to Daladier, 24 September 1938.

145
.
    
Carnets secrets de Jean Zay
, pp. 11–17.

146
.
    
DDF
, 2, XI, no. 357, Franco-British conversations of 25 September.

147
.
    
DDF
, 2, XI, no. 359, Telephone conversation between Massigli and Lacroix, 26 September, and no. 375, Franco-British conversations of 26 September 1938.

148
.
    
DDF
, 2, XI, no. 376, Transcript of the technical conversations of General Gamelin at the Cabinet Office, 26 September 1938.

149
.
    
DDF
, 2, XI, no. 378, Note from the Vice Admiral, chief of staff of the Marine, 26 September 1938.

150
.
    
DDF
, 2, XI, no. 377, Vuillemin to Guy La Chambre, 26 September 1938.

151
.
    
DDF
, 2, XI, no. 29, Note from the political directorate, 6 September 1938 (answer from Litvinov to Payart, 2 September).

152
.
    
DDF
, 2, XI, no. 96, Note from the Minister, 11 September 1938.

153
.
    
DDF
, 2, XI, no. 96, Note from the Minister, 11 September 1938.

154
.
    
DDF
, 2, XI, no. 216, Coulondre, 21 September 1938.

155
.
    
DDF
, 2, XI, no. 267, Coulondre, 21 September 1938.

156
.
    
DDF
, 2, XI, no. 292, Coulondre, 22 September 1938.

157
.
    
DDF
, 2, XI, no. 318, Coulondre, 23 September 1938.

158
.
    
DDF
, 2, XI, no. 367, Coulondre, 26 September 1938.

159
.
    
DDF
, 2, XI. See from François-Poncet, nos. 382, 383, 386, 397, 27 September 1938.

160
.
    
DDF
, 2, XI, no. 400. Note from the Minister 27 September 1938. See what Chautemps tells Bullitt about that Council meeting, op. cit. 392, and most of all
Carnets secrets de Jean Zay
, pp. 18–21; Campinchi and Reynaud were those most opposed to Bonnet.

161
.
    
Bullitt, op. cit., p. 290.

162
.
    
DDF
, 2, XI, no. 403, Note from the President of the Council, 27 September 1938.

163
.
    
DDF
, 2, XI, no. 413, Bonnet to François-Poncet, 28 September 1938, 1 am. See no. 420, Communication from François-Poncet to the Führer, 28 September 1938.

164
.
    
DDF
, 2, XI, no. 422, Corbin, 28 September 1938, 1:19 a.m. Regarding the negotiations in Rome see no. 443, Blondel, 28 September 1938.

165
.
    
DDF
, 2, XI, no. 427, François-Poncet, 28 September 1938, and mostly no. 450, Note from François-Poncet concerning the day of 28 September 1938.

166
.
    
See François-Poncet’s picturesque and magnificent account op. cit., pp. 314–338.

167
.
    
I am mostly using *Vallette, Geneviève and Bouillon, Jacques,
Munich 1938
, Collection Kiosque, 1964, and an excellent master’s thesis by one of my students, *Prévost, François,
L’opinion française après la conference de Munich, October-December 1938
, 1967. See *Daridan, Jean,
Le chemin de la défaite, 1938–1940
, 1980, which focuses on the role played by Léger at Munich. In the Daladier-Quai d’Orsay papers there is a long anonymous study with press clippings: “Positions de la gauche – Positions de la droite.” The reader will have to wait for the important thesis under my supervision by Mr. Yvon Lacaze on “La France et Munich.”

168
.
    
*Stoetzel, Jean,
Théorie des opinions
, Paris, 1943.

169
.
    
Published by the new magazine
Sondages
. See *Ageron, Ch. R., “L’opinion publique française pendant les crises internationales de septembre 1938 à juillet 1939,”
Cahiers de l’Institut d’histoire de la presse et de l’opinion;
Tours, B., and Peyrefitte, Christel, “Les premiers sondages d’opinion,”
Edouard Daladier chef de gouvernment
, 1977, pp. 265–278.

170
.
    
Quoted article, p. 211.

171
.
    
*Nogueres, Henri,
Munich ou la drôle de paix
, pp. 310–311. See Prévost, op. cit., p. 15.

172
.
    
200,000 attended the ceremony according to Aragon—who opposed it!—
Ce soir
, 3 October 1938, quoted by Prévost, op. cit.

173
.
    
This is what he told American Ambassador Bullitt on 2 October. See *Haight, J. Mc V.,
American Aid to France
, 1970, p. 13 (from the Bullitt papers).

174
.
    
JODP
, Chambre, 2 October 1938. The Senate voted 280 to 2 communist votes and abstentions (the socialists, Paul-Boncour, Pierre Laval, among them).

175
.
    
Esprit
, 1 October, p. 4, Montherlant, p. 833. See Prévost, op. cit., p. 29.

176
.
    
1 October 1938.

177
.
    
Monzie,
Ci-devant
, pp. 40–41.

178
.
    
Monzie, op. cit., p. 33.

179
.
    
See the master’s thesis that I supervised by *Bellanger, Catherine,
La Flèche de Paris, étude du Frontisme à travers son journal
, 1929, which traces the evolution of Bergery very well from August 1938 from the resistance to “appeasement.” However, he remained very anti-Italian.

180
.
    
Monzie, op. cit., p. 37.

181
.
    
Ibid., p. 39.

182
.
    
Prévost, op. cit., p. 212.

183
.
    
Populaire
, 6 and 7 November 1938, quoted by Prévost, op. cit., p. 180.

184
.
    
See
Populaire
, 29 September 1938.

185
.
    
See Prévost, op. cit., pp. 183–184.

186
.
    
I have used a master’s thesis which I supervised, *Perriot, Jean-Pierre,
Le syndicat national des instituteurs et le Front Populaire
, and a very good article by *Cointete-Labrousse, Michèle, “Le syndicat national des instituteurs, le pacifisme et l’Allemagne (1937–1939),” in
Les relations franco-allemandes
, op. cit., pp. 137–150.

187
.
    
According to Perriot, op. cit., p. 71, out of 23 school teachers elected as deputies in 1936, there were 17 SFIO, 3 PC, 3 radicals; p. 109 sq., 81% of school teachers were unionized by the end of 1938.

188
.
    
Weber, E., op. cit., p. 455;
Action française
, 27 October 1938; on the decline of the Action française, see p. 457.

189
.
    
Weber, op. cit., p. 455.

190
.
    
Action française
, 4 October 1938. See Prévost, op. cit., p. 32; Weber, op. cit., p. 468.

191
.
    
Combat
, November 1938. see Micaud, op. cit., p. 119; Prévost, op. cit., p. 50.

192
.
    
Weber, op. cit., p. 468.

193
.
    
Petit Journal
, 16 November 1938, quoted by Prévost, op. cit., p. 96.

194
.
    
Petit Journal
, 1 December 1938, quoted by Prévost, op. cit., p. 128.

195
.
    
Regarding this party see *Wolf, Dieter,
Die Doriot-Bewegung
, Stuttgart, 1967, and an excellent master’s thesis that I supervised, *Conrad, Philippe,
Le parti populaire français de Jacques Doriot
, 1969.

196
.
    
Emancipation nationale
, 14, 16 September 1938, quoted by Conrad, op. cit., p. 312.

197
.
    
Conrad, op. cit., p. 317.

198
.
    
Quoted article, p. 211

199
.
    
Kupferman, Alfred,
Pierre Laval
, p. 65.

200
.
    
Mallet, Alfred,
Pierre Laval
, I, p. 129.

201
.
    
I am using a master’s thesis that I supervised by *Bellec, Anne-Marie,
Le nationalisme et le pacifisme dans les milieux catholiques de 1933 à 1939
, 1967.

202
.
    
This was the reason why under Vichy, Philippe Henriot published his
Carnets secrets
seized during a search. The object was to show that Zay, who was in prison at the time, was a “warmonger.” Because of this it is highly probable that the text was not doctored. The admirable book by *Zay, Jean
Souvenirs et solitude
, 1945, written in prison, confirms his position of resistance to Hitler. See *Ruby, Marcel,
La vie et l’oevre de Jean Zay
, 1969.

203
.
    
Souvenirs et solitude
, p. 60.

204
.
    
Soulié, M., op. cit., p. 489.

205
.
    
Marc Sangnier, the founder of this movement that had supported the Popular Front was true pacifist. See his book of 1936,
Le pacifisme d’action
. But according to his biographer *Mrs. Bathelemy-Madaule, Madeleine,
Marc Sangnier, 1873
–
1950
, Paris, 1975, he took few political positions at the time; see pp. 274–275. Yet he did make a pacifist speech at the beginning of November; see
Aube
, 9 November 1938.

206
.
    
Paul-Boncour, op. cit., III, pp. 106–108.

207
.
    
Prévost, op. cit., p. 191.