Fortunes of Feminism (41 page)

Laslett, Peter 88

leisure-time equality 119, 126–27, 131–32, 133, 134

Leland, Dorothy 146

lifeworlds 27–28, 30, 33; colonization by systems 41, 45–46; decolonization of 42, 47–49; public-private separation 34; and welfare-state capitalism 40, 42

linguisticality 25

McCarthy, Thomas, “Complexity and Democracy, or the Seducements of Systems Theory” 25n, 26n, 31n

Macpherson, C. B. 91n

maldistribution 11–12, 176–77, 178n, 180, 184, 194, 196, 199n, 208, 214

male domination 2, 20, 30, 36–38, 39, 44, 47, 50, 143

marginalization 120, 127–28, 132

marketization 15–16, 231; and emancipation 233–34, 235–36, 237–38, 241; and feminism 2; second-wave feminism and 239–40; and social protection 230, 235–36

Marxism 23n, 159, 175–76, 214

Marx, Karl 19

masculinity 34–37, 48, 124, 162

material/cultural distinction 183–84

materiality 179–80

material reproduction 21–24, 31, 32, 45

maternity 156

Mead, Lawrence 105

men: communication 30; Universal Caregiver model 134–35

meta-political democracy 206, 207

meta-political injustices 13–14

meta-political misrepresentation 206

methodological nationalism 13

MIC 57–59

micro-credit 221–22

minority cultural practices 169–70

misframing 197–99, 206, 234n

misrecognition 11–12, 167–70, 173, 176, 177, 178n, 179–83, 184, 194, 199n, 208

misrepresentation 196–97, 199n, 208

modernization 31, 32

money, and power 41

moral imperatives 185

Moynihan, Daniel P. 83–84, 104

Murray, Charles 105

National Welfare Rights Organization 106–7

need interpretations 62; conflicting 58, 66–71; and consequences 80–81; hegemonic 69; justifications 79–81; politics of 7, 54, 55–59, 56, 57

needs and needs-talk 7, 53–82; administration 74; bridge discourses 70; caregiver allowances 129n; centrality of 53–54; claims 55–56; classifying 66–71; conflict 57; conflict examples 72–79; discourse model 55–59; discourse publics 61; discursive arenas 59; and the domestic 62–66; and the economic 62–66; enclaved 62–63; expert discourses 66, 69–71; and identity 75–78; idioms 57; institutionalized 59; internally dialogized 58; justifications 80–81; MIC 57–59; modes of subjectification 57; narrative conventions 57; oppositional discourses 66, 67, 69; and the political 60–62; political status 57; politicized 63–66, 66, 67, 70–71, 70n, 72–74; processes of depoliticization 63; reprivatization discourses 66, 68–69; resistance to state initiatives 74–79; and rights 81–82; runaway 63–66, 67, 68; thick definitions 56; thin theories 55–56; vocabularies 57, 67

need satisfactions 54, 72–74

neoconservative Marxists 175–76

neoliberalism 1, 2, 4, 14–15, 113, 171, 229, 237, 240; androcentrism 219–21, 225–26; crisis of 12, 223, 225–26, 227; economism 219, 225; étatism 221–22, 226; feminist critique 225–26; rise of 217–23; second-wave feminism and 210, 217–23, 223–26, 238; Westphalianism 222–23, 226

neo-structuralism 145

New Deal, the 97–98

New Left, the 1, 14, 159, 209; critique of capitalism 220; critique of dependency 107–8; critique of the welfare state 2, 7; and emancipation 237; radicalism 6

New Right, the 68

normatively secured action 29–30

norms 26

Nye, Andrea 155

official-economic system institutions 62–66, 62n

Okin, Susan 225; Justice, Gender, and the Family 130

oppression, systems of 23n

ordinary-political injustices 13

ordinary-political misrepresentation 196, 208

overfeminization 157

parity, definition 165–67

participation, parity of 11, 164–67, 169–70, 193, 196, 207–8, 234

particularism 48, 49

Pateman, Carole 35, 37

patriarchy 30, 44, 215, 235

pauperism 91–92, 96–97, 105, 106

personal life 181

personal, the, politicizing 3

phallocentrism 145–46, 153

Piven, Frances Fox 78–79

Polanyi, Karl: double movement 231, 232, 233, 235, 237, 241; and emancipation 232–38, 240–41; flaws 229–30; The Great Transformation 15–16, 225n, 227–42; key concepts 230–32; and marketization 233–34, 235–36, 241; and markets 230–31; and social protection 231, 233, 234–35, 235–36, 241; and social reproduction 228–29; triple movement 235–36, 239–40, 241

political economy 2, 39, 178, 180–82

political engagement 49

political legitimacy 212–13

political, the 60–62

Poor Law, 1601 89; reform 60

possessive individualism 91n

postpatriarchy 158

poststructuralism 145

postwar feminism 3–4

post-Westphalian democratic justice 193, 205, 206–8

poverty 96, 116–17, 119, 125–26, 130–31, 171

power: balance of 45; and hegemony 142; illegitimate 6; and money 41; patriarchal 30; of publics 61; transnational 13

pragmatics models 143, 150–57, 157–58

private sphere, the 27, 28, 32–39, 50

protectionism 231

public-private separation 6, 7, 32–39, 40, 43

publics 61, 65

public sphere, the 27, 32–39, 50

Putney Debates, the 89

Quayle, Dan 104

race and racism 8, 92–93, 163n

radical imaginary, the 3

Radical Protestantism 90–91

Rains, Prudence 75–78

rape 37

Reagan, Ronald 218

reciprocal recognition 168

recognition 191–92; comparable worth 172–73; and gender justice 165, 166; and identity politics 167–70; politics of 4–5, 10–11, 167–70, 185–86; reciprocal 168; and redistribution 171–73, 177–78; relations of 180, 183; and representation 199; status model 168–69, 193n; turn to 160–61

recognition perspective 162–63

redistribution 191; politics of 4–5, 10–11, 163, 185–86; and recognition 171–73, 177–78; and representation 199; struggles for 2

renouvellement 152n

representation 13; and justice 195–97, 199; politics of 200–206; relations of 199n

respect, equality of 120, 127, 132

rights 40–41, 81–82, 197

Riley, Denise 157

role theory 34–39, 46–47

Rose, Jacqueline 148

runaway needs 63–66, 67, 68

Saussure, Ferdinand de 143–44, 145

second-wave feminism 1, 3–4, 5–6, 7, 9, 209–26, 235, 240–41; and androcentrism 215–16, 217, 219–21, 225–26; critique of Embedded Liberalism 238–39; cultural success-cum-institutional failure 210–11; development of 14–15; and economism 214–15, 217, 219, 225; and étatism 216, 217, 221–22, 226; and the family wage 220–21; and marketization 239–40; and neoliberalism 223–26, 238; and the rise of neoliberalism 217–23; and social protection 239–40; and state-organized capitalism 212–17; and Westphalianism 216–17, 222–23, 226

self-descriptions 73

self-regulating market, the 228–29, 229, 230

semiotic, the 153–54

sex discrimination 124

sexism, psychological effects of 168

sexist misrecognition 168

sexual democracy 2

sexual difference 159

sexual harassment 124

sexual regulation 12, 178–83

sex workers 172

signification 150–51, 151–52, 153–54

slaves and slavery 92–93

social democracy 3, 6

social differentiation 165, 167

social group formation 140, 141–42, 148–49

social identities 140–41, 147–48, 157–58

social insurance 124, 125, 129–30

socialist-feminism 10, 11, 51n, 53–82, 175, 180–82, 215–16

socialist imaginary, the 9

socialization 22, 23n, 28, 41

social justice 16, 185, 186, 190–91, 192, 206, 241

social labor 21–24

socially integrated action contexts 24–30

socially integrated contexts 45

social movements 42–43, 46–50, 71, 237

social protection 15–16, 231; and emancipation 233, 234–35, 235–36, 236–38, 240–41, 241; and marketization 230, 235–36; second-wave feminism and 239–40

social reproduction 228–29

social rights 40–41

social state, the 65–66

social status 168–69

social, the 64–66

social-theoretical categorial framework 21–32

social theory 227

society, Habermas's model 21, 27–32

Sparer, Edward 106–7

speaking subject, the 149, 150, 151–52, 155–56

Stack, Carol 75

state-organized capitalism 212–17, 220, 224

state, the, public-private separation 33

status equality 168

status hierarchies 193–94, 234–35

status subordination 11–12, 162–63, 168

Stiehm, Judith 37

structuralism 143–46, 150, 151–52, 153, 157

subjectification, modes of 57

subordination, and dependency 93–94

symbolicism: critique of 10, 139–58; definition 146–48; Kristeva and 139; and Lacanianism 143–50; structuralist model 143–46

symbolic order, the 145–46, 146–47, 149, 155

symbolic reproduction 21–24, 27–28, 31, 32, 45, 47

symbolic, the 153–54

system complexity 31, 32

system integrated action contexts 24–30, 45

system intrusions 46

systems 27–28, 30

teenage pregnancies 75–78

Thatcherism 68

Thatcher, Margaret 218, 221

third way, the 160

Thomas, Clarence 83

transformative politics 204–6

transnational turn, the 222–23

underfeminization 157

United Nations 15

United States of America 104–8; AFDC recipients 75, 78–79, 104; Aid to Dependent Children (ADC) 97, 99, 106; Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) 86, 97, 106, 171n; day care 69; Declaration of Independence 93; divorce reforms 172; gay and lesbian oppression 179; the Gilded Age 96; and independence 95; job creation 124n; needs-talk 53–54; poverty 117; race suicide panic 60; Social Security Board 98; social-welfare system 43n, 65–66, 97–99; welfare dependency 83–84, 86, 95–99, 104–8; welfare reform 65

Universal Breadwinner model 8, 9, 114, 123–28, 133

Universal Caregiver model 9, 133–35

universalism 48, 49

universalist morality 42–43

wage labor 90–91

wages: income equality 119, 126, 131

Weber, Max 13

welfare dependency 7–8, 44, 83–84, 110; American 95–99; policy discourse 104–8; psychologized 101–4; stigma 86, 102

welfare reforms 41, 44–45

welfare rights movement 106–7

welfare state 3–4, 6; Anti-Poverty Principle 116–17; Caregiver Parity model 128–32, 133; crisis of 111; and entitlement to provision 121–22; gendered 43–44; needs-talk 54; New Left critique 2, 7; postindustrial 112–14, 120, 121, 134; socialist-feminist critical theory of 51n; tripartite structure 111–12; Universal Breadwinner model 123–28, 133; Universal Caregiver model 133–35; welfare-state 40–50

welfare-state capitalism 33, 40–50, 51

Westphalianism and the Westphalian frame 13, 213–14, 216–17, 222–23, 226

Westphalia, Treaty of 1648 190n, 201, 202

wife-battering 72–74

Williams, Raymond 84

Wilson, William Julius 105

Wollstonecraft, Mary 235

women: biology 49; Black 103–4; dependency 44, 88–89, 93–94, 102, 109–10, 238; and difference 122–23; earnings 119, 126; emancipation 16, 47–50; employment and labor 21–24, 35, 89, 100, 112–13, 240; hidden poverty 119; interaction work 30; marginalization 120, 127–28, 132; respect 120, 127, 132; separate sphere 24; social labor 21–24; speaking for 67n; status 168–69; subordination of 19–20, 30, 31n, 32, 44, 50, 62–63, 146, 162–63, 170, 173, 216; Universal Breadwinner model 123–28