Fortress Rabaul (64 page)

Executions of Page, Talmage, Kyle, and Benham at Kavieng: Roll of Honor (accessed Sep. 10, 2008).

military prisoners were held
… : Lepping, quoted in Mitchell, p. 135.

Admiration of Captain Pease: Ibid., pp. 135–36.

Testimony of Timothy Mak:
Dept. of External Affairs
, statement of Maj. L. F. Darling.

You go tomorrow
: Mitchell, p. 137.

Execution of Pease and seven other POWs: AWM 54 (1010/9/22). Warrant Officer Yoshimura stated that he did not know the identities of the prisoners, so it is impossible to ascertain which two POWs were dissected.

Chapter 21: A Shift in Momentum

Marshall’s opinion on
mixing nationalities
and approval to form a new air force:
General Kenney Reports
, p. 63.

Establishment of ADVON command: Birdsall,
Flying Buccaneers
, p. 16.

Priority to
knock out the Jap air strength
: Kenney diary, Aug. 3 1942.

brains, leadership, loyalty
… :
General Kenney Reports
, p. 12.

General Walker’s professional reputation: Byrd, p. 36.

Kenney’s opinion of General Wurtsmith:
General Kenney Reports
, pp. 64–65.

Claims by B-17 crews against Rabaul, Aug. 12, 1942: Salaker, p. 237.

Damage to
Matsumo Maru
: JANAC (Part VIII), p. 11.

Loss of
Chief Seattle
: Salaker, p. 238–39.

My roommate and crew
… : Steinbinder diary, Aug. 14, 1942.

Recollection of Sergeant Phillips: Interview with author, Feb. 14, 2004.

Ghormley’s request for assistance at Guadalcanal:
General Kenney Reports
, pp. 98–99.

Tempo of missions in mid-September 1942: Ibid., p. 99.

Wandering all over the place
… : Quoted in
Seattle Daily Times
, Sep. 21, 1942.

Loss of Burcky’s B-17:
Pacificwrecks.com/aircraft/b-17/41–2650.html
(accessed Dec. 1, 2008).

Concerns of Combined Fleet Staff regarding Guadalcanal: Ugaki, p. 177.

Additional setbacks at Guadalcanal: Ibid., p. 213.

Heavy explosions at Rabaul: Ibid., pp. 211–13; also Hutchinson-Smith, p. 18.

Major Benn assumes command of 63rd Bomb Squadron:
General Kenney Reports
, p. 82; also Birdsall, pp. 25–26.

I happened to be the officer-of-the-day
… : Vargas, interview with author, Jan. 17, 2009.

He talked us into all kinds of things
… : Dieffenderfer, interview with author, Jan. 13, 2009.

Profile of Captain McCullar:
General Kenney Reports
, p. 105.

Naming of
Black Jack
: Bowman,
B-17 Units of the Pacific War
, p. 59.

McCullar’s skip-bombing demonstration on SS
Pruth: General Kenney Reports
, p. 105.

Application of instantaneous bomb fuses: Ibid., pp. 107–8.

Personality of General Walker: Byrd, pp. 30, 48, 55.

Walker’s receipt of Silver Star: Ibid., p. 148.

Allied conference at Noumea:
General Kenney Reports
, p. 115.

rice, bullets, and soldiers
; also, nicknaming of “Tokyo Express”: Frank, p. 210.

B-17s move to Fourteen Mile Airdrome: Salaker, p. 251.

Rabaul attack on Oct. 2: Murphy,
Skip Bombing
, p. 42.

Lack of damage to merchant shipping: JANAC (Part VIII), p. 13.

Damage to cruiser
Tenryu
:
Combinedfleet.com/tenryu_t.htm
(accessed Nov. 8, 2008).

Loss of Lieutenant Hageman and Flying Officer Davenport: Salaker, pp. 269–70.

Kenney’s reaction to mission, including
I can always hire
… :Byrd, pp. 97–98.

Plans for major night raid on Rabaul: Salaker, p. 270.

Different weather forecasts from Walker and Kenney: Byrd, p. 98.

Catalinas’ orders to
light up the town
… :
Bomber Command Target Report No. 9
, p. 3.

Catalina bomb loads and initial results: Ibid.

a colossal fireworks display
: Salaker, p. 271.

B-17 bomb loads and results: Ibid.

Radio Tokyo announcement about Geisha girls at Rabaul: 19th Bomb Group history, p. 59.

Experience of Father Lepping: Mitchell, p. 137.

Casualties aboard photoreconnaissance plane: Steinbinder diary, Oct. 10, 1942.

Buildup of air strength at Rabaul: Hata & Izawa, p. 150; Monograph No. 121, pp. 29, 34; also Lundstrom, pp. 190–91.

Description and effects of wire-wrapped bombs:
General Kenney Reports
, pp. 106–7.

Damages and casualties from night attacks: Ugaki, p. 229.

fine performance over Rabaul
:
General Kenney Reports
, p. 121.

Kenney’s teasing and subsequent diplomacy with Walker: Byrd, p. 98.

Awards ceremonies in Australia:
General Kenney Reports
, p. 122.

a bastard mixture of airplanes
: Carmichael oral history, p. 97.

Plans for 90th Bomb Group, including
I was not particular
… : Kenney, pp. 112–13.

Photoreconnaissance of Rabaul in late October: Ibid., p. 126.

First skip-bombing attack: Ibid., pp. 126–27; also
Bomber Command Target Report No. 9
, p. 6.

Andy, why don’t you move over
… : Anderson, interview with author, Jan. 16, 2009.

Initial attack maneuvers: Murphy, p. 24.

We had good moonlight
… : Anderson, interview with author.

Results of Lieutenant Green’s attacks: 63rd Bomb Squadron war diary, Oct. 23, 1942.

Damage claims by McCullar and Hustad: Ibid.

Actual damages: JANAC (Part VIII), p. 13.

the hottest outfit in the whole air force
: General Kenney Reports
, p. 121.

Chapter 22: New Identities

Establishment of identification codes: Mikesh, p. 11–12.

Background of Major McCoy and team: Ibid.

Examples of code names: Ibid., pp. 12–18.

Attack of “
Vals
” on invasion fleet at Guadalcanal: Lundstrom, p. 68.

Attack by “
Bettys
” and subsequent losses: Ibid., p. 52.

Return flight of Saburo Sakai: Frank, pp. 68–69; Cook & Cook, p. 137.

Rikko attack on Aug. 8: Lundstrom, pp. 77–78; also Tagaya, p. 46.

Type 1 lighter: Iwatani, p. 319; also Tagaya, p. 48.

Opinions of Captain Moritama: Iwatani, pp. 300–1.

Battle results reported by the Japanese: Ugaki, p. 179.

Naval battles off Savo Island: Lundstrom, pp. 82–85.

Putting the [results] together
… : Ugaki, p. 179.

Exaggerations in Japanese newspapers: Osaka
Mainichi
, Aug. 15, 1942.

Actual damages: Frank, p. 80.

Return of Admiral Tsukahara to Japan: Ugaki, p. 220.

Arrival of Admiral Kusaka: Ibid.

Kusaka’s daily activities: Excerpts from Kusaka diary. Although few entries contain significant detail, Kusaka’s diary reveals numerous morning horseback rides. He was often accompanied by one or more staff officers.

Concentration of aircraft at Rabaul: Monograph No. 121, p. 17.

Details of airdrome improvements and new construction:
Pacificwrecks.com/provinces/png_rabaul.html
(accessed July 19, 2009).

every time it rained heavily
… : Ugaki, p. 227.

Battle of Santa Cruz: Lundstrom, pp. 358–407, also Frank, pp. 379–403.

Japanese claims at Santa Cruz: Ugaki, pp. 249–50.

Fulfillment of Yamamoto’s goal: Lundstrom, p. 470.

Reorganization of air units on Nov. 1: Monograph No. 122, p. 4.

[It] was impossible for us to continue
… : Iwatani,
Medium Bomber
, pp. 318–19.

Formation of Eighth Area Army and termination of Buna campaign: Ugaki, p. 280–81.

Yamamoto’s predictions: Ibid., p. 284.

Chapter 23: Heavy Bomber Blues

Shipment of P-38s to Australia:
General Kenney Reports
, p. 73.

Early defects with P-38s: Christy & Ethell, p. 67.

Controversy in 90th Bomb Squadron: Dorr, pp. 23–24.

Chronic trouble with B-24s: Woods, p. 16.

90th Bomb Group’s first mission: Ibid., p. 18.

Kansas-sized dust storm
: Livingstone, p. 49.

Takeoff accident at Iron Range: Ibid., p. 50.

Background of Major Morse: Woods, p. 12.

90th Bomb Group restricted to training missions:
General Kenney Reports
, p. 141.

Failed attempt to bomb Rabaul on Dec. 7: Woods, p. 27.

Operational accidents and poor morale: Ibid.

B-24 crash on Dec. 26, 1942: Woods, p. 31; also Livingstone, p. 52.

Chapter 24: Medal of Honor: Kenneth N. Walker

I shared a tent with Benn
… : Dieffenderfer, interview with author.

Disagreements over fuse settings:
General Kenney Reports
, pp. 107–8; Byrd, p. 97.

Demonstration of instantaneous fuse on SS
Pruth: General Kenney Reports, p. 142–43
.

Kenney’s assessment of Walker: Ibid., p. 143.

Boyhood of General Walker; Douglas P. Walker, correspondence with author, Dec. 3, 2008; also Byrd, p. 1.

Near total involvement with himself
… : Byrd, pp. 30–31.

Kenney’s order to stop flying combat missions: Ibid., pp. 97–98; also Claringbould,
Flightpath
, p. 53.

stop flying combat missions: General Kenney Reports,
p. 166.

We had plenty of evidence
… : Ibid.

Loss of four B-17s in one week: AF History Center, 43rd Bomb Group casualty report, pp. 192–94.

B-17 attack on Rabaul, Dec. 26: 43rd Bomb Group war diary, Dec. 26, 1943.

Damage to
Italy Maru
: Joint Assessment statistics, Dec. 1942.

Death of Lieutenant Commander Hirasata:
combinedfleet.com/tachik_t.htm
.

B-17s obstinately attacked Rabaul
… : Ugaki, p. 314.

large flash
… : Quoted in 43rd Bomb Group war diary, Dec. 30, 1942.

Hits claimed by Lieutenant Murphy:
Skip Bombing
, pp. 79–80. Murphy wrote that the two ships he attacked were located “between Protto Point and Micaca Island just out of the Rabaul Harbor [sic].” The points almost certainly equate to Praed Point and Makada Island, respectively, which define a sizeable area east of Crater Peninsula. But the only Japanese ship that sank that night at Rabaul went down near Vulcan Island, on the western shore of Simpson Harbor.

Loss of
Tomiura Maru
: JANAC (Part VIII), p. 15.

Opinion of wire-wrapped bombs: Murphy, p. 81.

Ugaki’s reflections about the year 1942: Ugaki, p. 319.

Japanese casualties on Guadalcanal: Rottman, p. 116.

Reinforcements at Buna; soldiers
only keeping themselves alive
… : Ugaki, p. 314.

Death of General Horii: Ballard, pp. 202–3.

Construction of new army and navy airdromes: Rottman, pp. 160–61; also Ugaki, p. 308.

Simpson Harbor shipping on Dec. 30, 1942: Craven & Cate,
Guadalcanal to Saipan
, p. 136.

When the Jap accumulates that much tonnage
… : Kenney papers, Jan. 1, 1943.

break up the movement at the source
… :
General Kenney Reports
, p. 175.