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5
Armando Valladares,
Against All Hope
(San Francisco: Encounter Books, 2000).
Armando Valladares,
Against All Hope
(San Francisco: Encounter Books, 2000).
6
Alberto Bustamante, “Notas y Estadisticas Sobre Los Grupos Étnicos En Cuba,”
Revista Herencia
, volume 10, 2004. Herencia Cultural Cubana, Miami, Florida.
Alberto Bustamante, “Notas y Estadisticas Sobre Los Grupos Étnicos En Cuba,”
Revista Herencia
, volume 10, 2004. Herencia Cultural Cubana, Miami, Florida.
7
Mario Lazo,
Dagger in the Heart; American Policy Failures in Cuba
(New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1968), 137.
Mario Lazo,
Dagger in the Heart; American Policy Failures in Cuba
(New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1968), 137.
8
Ibid.
Ibid.
9
Agustin Blazquez and Jaums Sutton, “Three Little Blacks,”
www.newsmax.com
, May 23, 2003.
Agustin Blazquez and Jaums Sutton, “Three Little Blacks,”
www.newsmax.com
, May 23, 2003.
10
Aleksandr Fursenko and Timothy Naftali,
One Hell of a Gamble: Khrushchev, Castro, and Kennedy 1958–1964
(New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1997).
Aleksandr Fursenko and Timothy Naftali,
One Hell of a Gamble: Khrushchev, Castro, and Kennedy 1958–1964
(New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1997).
11
Bill Press, “Mr. Carter Goes to Cuba,”
www.cnn.com
, May 14, 2002.
Chapter 9: Stupid Liberals in the CIABill Press, “Mr. Carter Goes to Cuba,”
www.cnn.com
, May 14, 2002.
1
Georgie Ann Geyer,
Guerrilla Prince
(Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1991), 240.
Georgie Ann Geyer,
Guerrilla Prince
(Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1991), 240.
2
Rufo López-Fresquet,
My Fourteen Months With Castro
(Cleveland: World Publishing Company, 1966).
Rufo López-Fresquet,
My Fourteen Months With Castro
(Cleveland: World Publishing Company, 1966).
3
Tim Weiner, “Bay of Pigs Enemies Finally Sit Down Together,”
New York Times
, March 23, 2001.
Tim Weiner, “Bay of Pigs Enemies Finally Sit Down Together,”
New York Times
, March 23, 2001.
4
Geyer, 190.
Geyer, 190.
5
Juan Antonio Rubio Padilla, “La Opinion Publica,” April 27, 1961. Found at
www.autentico.org
.
Juan Antonio Rubio Padilla, “La Opinion Publica,” April 27, 1961. Found at
www.autentico.org
.
6
Gus Russo,
Live by the Sword: The Secret War Against Castro and the Death of JFK
(Baltimore: Bancroft Press, 1998), 15.
Gus Russo,
Live by the Sword: The Secret War Against Castro and the Death of JFK
(Baltimore: Bancroft Press, 1998), 15.
7
John H. Davis,
The Kennedys: Dynasty and Disaster
(New York: McGraw-Hill, 1984).
John H. Davis,
The Kennedys: Dynasty and Disaster
(New York: McGraw-Hill, 1984).
8
Russo, 242–44.
Russo, 242–44.
9
Ibid., 248.
Ibid., 248.
10
Speech by Castro at the Brazilian embassy in Havana. Interestingly, Cubela had met Fitzgerald’s man in Brazil the day before. Carlos Bringuier,
Red Friday
(Chicago: Chas Hallberg & Co., 1969), 110.
Speech by Castro at the Brazilian embassy in Havana. Interestingly, Cubela had met Fitzgerald’s man in Brazil the day before. Carlos Bringuier,
Red Friday
(Chicago: Chas Hallberg & Co., 1969), 110.
11
Russo, 377.
Russo, 377.
12
Alexander M. Haig, Jr.,
Inner Circles; How America Changed the World
(New York: Warner Books, 1992), 116.
Alexander M. Haig, Jr.,
Inner Circles; How America Changed the World
(New York: Warner Books, 1992), 116.
13
Russo, 344.
Russo, 344.
14
Raphael Diaz-Balart, “La Amnistia,”
La Rosa Blanca
.
Raphael Diaz-Balart, “La Amnistia,”
La Rosa Blanca
.
15
Nathaniel Weyl,
Red Star Over Cuba: The Russian Assault on the Western Hemisphere
(New York: Devin-Adair Company, 1960), 104.
Nathaniel Weyl,
Red Star Over Cuba: The Russian Assault on the Western Hemisphere
(New York: Devin-Adair Company, 1960), 104.
16
Ibid.
Ibid.
17
Geyer, 126.
Geyer, 126.
18
Howard E. Hunt,
Give Us This Day
(New Rochelle, N.Y.: Arlington House, 1973).
Howard E. Hunt,
Give Us This Day
(New Rochelle, N.Y.: Arlington House, 1973).
19
Ibid.
Ibid.
20
Weyl, 104.
Weyl, 104.
21
Enrique Encinosa,
Unvanquished: Cuba’s Resistance to Fidel Castro
(Los Angeles: Pureplay Press, 2004), 19.
Enrique Encinosa,
Unvanquished: Cuba’s Resistance to Fidel Castro
(Los Angeles: Pureplay Press, 2004), 19.
22
Peter Kornbluh, ed.
Bay of Pigs Declassified: The Secret CIA Report on the Invasion of Cuba
(New York: New Press, 1998).
Peter Kornbluh, ed.
Bay of Pigs Declassified: The Secret CIA Report on the Invasion of Cuba
(New York: New Press, 1998).
23
Tad Szulc,
Fidel: A Critical Portrait
(New York: William Morrow & Co., 1986).
Tad Szulc,
Fidel: A Critical Portrait
(New York: William Morrow & Co., 1986).
24
Testimony of Arthur Gardner, “Communist Threat to The United States through the Caribbean,” U.S. Senate Subcommittee, August 27, 1960.
Testimony of Arthur Gardner, “Communist Threat to The United States through the Caribbean,” U.S. Senate Subcommittee, August 27, 1960.
25
Earl E. T. Smith,
The Fourth Floor: An Account of the Castro Communist Revolution
(New York: Random House, 1962), 30–52.
Chapter 10: “We Fought with the Fury of Cornered Beasts”Earl E. T. Smith,
The Fourth Floor: An Account of the Castro Communist Revolution
(New York: Random House, 1962), 30–52.
1
Paul Bethel,
The Losers
:
The Definitive Report, by an Eyewitness, of the Communist Conquest of Cuba and the Soviet Penetration in Latin America
(New Rochelle, N.Y.: Arlington House, 1969), 372.
Paul Bethel,
The Losers
:
The Definitive Report, by an Eyewitness, of the Communist Conquest of Cuba and the Soviet Penetration in Latin America
(New Rochelle, N.Y.: Arlington House, 1969), 372.
2
Enrique Encinosa,
Cuba en Guerra
(Miami: Endowment for Cuban American Studies, 1994), 59.
Enrique Encinosa,
Cuba en Guerra
(Miami: Endowment for Cuban American Studies, 1994), 59.
3
Ibid.
Ibid.
4
Enrique Encinosa,
Al Filo Del Machete
, 2002.
Enrique Encinosa,
Al Filo Del Machete
, 2002.
5
Michael Moore,
Downsize This!
(New York: HarperCollins, 1997), 193.
Michael Moore,
Downsize This!
(New York: HarperCollins, 1997), 193.
6
Mona Charen, “Oliver Stone Gets the Axe,”
www.townhall.com
, April 18, 2003.
Mona Charen, “Oliver Stone Gets the Axe,”
www.townhall.com
, April 18, 2003.
7
Ronald Bergan,
Francis Ford Coppola Close Up: The Making of His Movies
. (New York: Thunder’s Mouth Press, 1998), 53.
Ronald Bergan,
Francis Ford Coppola Close Up: The Making of His Movies
. (New York: Thunder’s Mouth Press, 1998), 53.
8
Encinosa,
Cuba en Guerra
, 59.
Encinosa,
Cuba en Guerra
, 59.
9
Ibid., 128.
Ibid., 128.
10
Ibid., 180.
Ibid., 180.
11
Ibid., 127.
Ibid., 127.
12
Grayston L. Lynch,
Decision for Disaster: Betrayal at the Bay of Pigs
(Washington, D.C.: Brassey’s, 1998).
Grayston L. Lynch,
Decision for Disaster: Betrayal at the Bay of Pigs
(Washington, D.C.: Brassey’s, 1998).
13
Humberto Fontova, “Cuban Mothers,”
www.newsmax.com
, January 15, 2004.
Humberto Fontova, “Cuban Mothers,”
www.newsmax.com
, January 15, 2004.
14
Murder tally comes from
The Black Book of Communism; Crimes, Terror, Repression
(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999).
Murder tally comes from
The Black Book of Communism; Crimes, Terror, Repression
(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999).
15
“Hollywood Liberals’ Fantasy World,”
www.worldnetdaily.com
, April 17, 2004.
“Hollywood Liberals’ Fantasy World,”
www.worldnetdaily.com
, April 17, 2004.
16
“Castro Visit Triumphant,”
Harvard Law Record
, April 30, 1959.
“Castro Visit Triumphant,”
Harvard Law Record
, April 30, 1959.
17
Ibid.
Chapter 11: Operation Cuban Freedom—NOT!Ibid.
1
Victor Andres Triay,
Bay of Pigs: An Oral History of Brigade 2506
(Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 2001).
Victor Andres Triay,
Bay of Pigs: An Oral History of Brigade 2506
(Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 2001).
2
Peter Wyden,
Bay of Pigs: The Untold Story
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1979), 202.
Peter Wyden,
Bay of Pigs: The Untold Story
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1979), 202.
3
Edward B. Ferrer,
Operation Puma: The Air Battle of the Bay of Pigs
(Miami: Trade Litho, 1982), 210.
Edward B. Ferrer,
Operation Puma: The Air Battle of the Bay of Pigs
(Miami: Trade Litho, 1982), 210.
4
Ibid., 213.
Ibid., 213.
5
Wyden, 240.
Wyden, 240.
6
Ibid., 298.
Ibid., 298.
7
Jesus Hernandez Cuellas, “Chronicle of an Unforgettable Agony: Cuba’s Political Prisons,”
Contacto
magazine, September 1996.
Jesus Hernandez Cuellas, “Chronicle of an Unforgettable Agony: Cuba’s Political Prisons,”
Contacto
magazine, September 1996.
8
Martin Arostegui, “Castro Weaponizes West Nile Virus,”
Insight
magazine, September 16, 2002.
Martin Arostegui, “Castro Weaponizes West Nile Virus,”
Insight
magazine, September 16, 2002.
9
Haynes Johnson,
The Bay of Pigs: The Leader’s Story of Brigade 2506
. (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1964), 345.
Haynes Johnson,
The Bay of Pigs: The Leader’s Story of Brigade 2506
. (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1964), 345.
10
Humberto Fontova, “Mr. Wonderful and the Bay of Pigs,”
www.newsmax.com
, April 14, 2004.
Humberto Fontova, “Mr. Wonderful and the Bay of Pigs,”
www.newsmax.com
, April 14, 2004.
11
Gus Russo,
Live by the Sword: The Secret War Against Castro and the Death of JFK
(Baltimore: Bancroft Press, 1998), 8.
Gus Russo,
Live by the Sword: The Secret War Against Castro and the Death of JFK
(Baltimore: Bancroft Press, 1998), 8.
12
Ibid., 9.
Ibid., 9.
13
Ibid.
Ibid.
14
Ibid.
Ibid.
15
Stephen Ambrose,
Eisenhower: Soldier and President
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1984), 539.
Stephen Ambrose,
Eisenhower: Soldier and President
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1984), 539.
16
Ibid., 533.
Ibid., 533.
17
Ibid., 499.
Ibid., 499.
18
Néstor Carbonell Cortina, “Bahia de Cochinos: Lo Que No Dijo el Informe del Inspector de la CIA,”
www.autentico.org
. Carbonell quotes Eisenhower from
Foreign Policy
, U.S. volume VI, 1057–60.
Néstor Carbonell Cortina, “Bahia de Cochinos: Lo Que No Dijo el Informe del Inspector de la CIA,”
www.autentico.org
. Carbonell quotes Eisenhower from
Foreign Policy
, U.S. volume VI, 1057–60.
19
Ambrose, 554.
Ambrose, 554.
20
Ibid.
Ibid.
21
Michael Beschloss,
The Crisis Years; Kennedy & Khrushchev 1960–1963
. (New York: HarperCollins, 1991), 124.
Michael Beschloss,
The Crisis Years; Kennedy & Khrushchev 1960–1963
. (New York: HarperCollins, 1991), 124.
22
Proverbs 16:18.
Proverbs 16:18.
23
Gus Russo,
Live by the Sword: The Secret War Against Castro and the Death of JFK
(Baltimore: Bancroft Press, 1998), 170.
Gus Russo,
Live by the Sword: The Secret War Against Castro and the Death of JFK
(Baltimore: Bancroft Press, 1998), 170.
24
Brigadier General Rafael del Pino,
www.cubapolidata.com
, April 25, 2002.
Chapter 12: Fidel as Business PartnerBrigadier General Rafael del Pino,
www.cubapolidata.com
, April 25, 2002.
1
Xinhua News Agency, 2004.
Xinhua News Agency, 2004.
2
Testimony of former American POW on Vietnam “Cuba Program,” Office of International Information Programs, U.S. Department of State.
Testimony of former American POW on Vietnam “Cuba Program,” Office of International Information Programs, U.S. Department of State.
3
Juan Tamayo, “Torturers’ Aim Was Total Surrender, Savage Beatings Bent Captives to Will of Man Dubbed ‘Fidel’,”
Miami Herald
, August 22, 1999.
Juan Tamayo, “Torturers’ Aim Was Total Surrender, Savage Beatings Bent Captives to Will of Man Dubbed ‘Fidel’,”
Miami Herald
, August 22, 1999.
4
Paul Bethel,
The Losers
:
The Definitive Report, by an Eyewitness, of the Communist Conquest of Cuba and the Soviet Penetration in Latin America
(New Rochelle, N.Y.: Arlington House, 1969), 192.
Paul Bethel,
The Losers
:
The Definitive Report, by an Eyewitness, of the Communist Conquest of Cuba and the Soviet Penetration in Latin America
(New Rochelle, N.Y.: Arlington House, 1969), 192.
5
George Talbot, “Cuba Conference Opens Amid Controversy,”
Mobile Register
, October 13, 2003.
George Talbot, “Cuba Conference Opens Amid Controversy,”
Mobile Register
, October 13, 2003.
6
G. Fernández, Ediciones Periodísticas, March 12, 2001.
G. Fernández, Ediciones Periodísticas, March 12, 2001.
7
Interview with Armando Lago, author of
Cuba: The Human Cost of Social Revolution
and
The Politics of Psychiatry in Revolutionary Cuba
(Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1991).
Interview with Armando Lago, author of
Cuba: The Human Cost of Social Revolution
and
The Politics of Psychiatry in Revolutionary Cuba
(Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1991).
8
Interview of David Kay by George Stephanopoulos, ABC News, October 5, 2003.
Interview of David Kay by George Stephanopoulos, ABC News, October 5, 2003.
9
Hans de Salas-del Valle, ed.
Fidel Castro on the United States: Selected Statements, 1958–2003
(Washington, D.C.: Center For a Free Cuba, 2003).
Hans de Salas-del Valle, ed.
Fidel Castro on the United States: Selected Statements, 1958–2003
(Washington, D.C.: Center For a Free Cuba, 2003).
10
Ibid.
Chapter 13: Fidel’s Useful IdiotsIbid.
1
Cabrera mentions the incident in his book
Mea Cuba
(Barcelona: Plaza/Janés Editores, 1992).
Cabrera mentions the incident in his book
Mea Cuba
(Barcelona: Plaza/Janés Editores, 1992).
2
José D. Cabús,
Castro ante la Historia
(Mexico City: Editores Mexicanos Unidos, 1963), 24. See also Servando González,
The Secret Fidel Castro: Deconstructing the Symbol
(Oakland, CA: InteliBooks, 2002.)
José D. Cabús,
Castro ante la Historia
(Mexico City: Editores Mexicanos Unidos, 1963), 24. See also Servando González,
The Secret Fidel Castro: Deconstructing the Symbol
(Oakland, CA: InteliBooks, 2002.)
3
Interview with Ernesto Betancourt, who is friends with Huber Matos. The incident is also mentioned in Matos’s book
Como Llego La Noche
(Barcelona: Tusquets, 2002).
Interview with Ernesto Betancourt, who is friends with Huber Matos. The incident is also mentioned in Matos’s book
Como Llego La Noche
(Barcelona: Tusquets, 2002).
4
Paul Hollander,
Political Pilgrims: Travels of Western Intellectuals to the Soviet Union, China, and Cuba
(New York: Harper Holophon, 1981). Mona Charen uses the shorter version, which I used and cited in Chapter Two.
Paul Hollander,
Political Pilgrims: Travels of Western Intellectuals to the Soviet Union, China, and Cuba
(New York: Harper Holophon, 1981). Mona Charen uses the shorter version, which I used and cited in Chapter Two.
5
Ibid.
Ibid.
6
Ibid.
Ibid.
7
Rafael del Pino,
Proa a la Libertad
(Mexico City: Editorial Planeta Mexicana, 1991).
Rafael del Pino,
Proa a la Libertad
(Mexico City: Editorial Planeta Mexicana, 1991).
8
Randall Robinson, “Why Black Cuba Is Suffering,”
Essence
, July 1999.
Randall Robinson, “Why Black Cuba Is Suffering,”
Essence
, July 1999.
9
Congressman Adam Clayton Powell, William A. Wieland, Robert A. Stevenson, Memorandum of a conversation, Washington, D.C., March 12, 1959. Found at
www.latinamericanstudies.org
.
Chapter 14: Castro’s Tugboat MassacreCongressman Adam Clayton Powell, William A. Wieland, Robert A. Stevenson, Memorandum of a conversation, Washington, D.C., March 12, 1959. Found at
www.latinamericanstudies.org
.
1
Enrique Encinosa,
Unvanquished: Cuba’s Resistance to Fidel Castro
(Los Angeles: Pureplay Press, 2004), 192.
Enrique Encinosa,
Unvanquished: Cuba’s Resistance to Fidel Castro
(Los Angeles: Pureplay Press, 2004), 192.
2
Speech made by Fidel Castro, at the ceremony for the fifty-first anniversary of the attack on the Moncada, Ernesto Che Guevara Square, Santa Clara, Cuba, July 26, 2004. (Quoted at
www.havana-journal.com
, August 10, 2004.
Chapter 15: Who Needs Freedom?Speech made by Fidel Castro, at the ceremony for the fifty-first anniversary of the attack on the Moncada, Ernesto Che Guevara Square, Santa Clara, Cuba, July 26, 2004. (Quoted at
www.havana-journal.com
, August 10, 2004.
1
Enrique Encinosa,
Unvanquished: Cuba’s Resistance to Fidel Castro
(Los Angeles: Pureplay Press, 2004), 192.
Enrique Encinosa,
Unvanquished: Cuba’s Resistance to Fidel Castro
(Los Angeles: Pureplay Press, 2004), 192.
2
Tim Graham, “Back to the ‘Peaceable’ Paradise: Media Soldiers for the Seizure of Elián,” Media Research Center Special Report, May 23, 2000.
Tim Graham, “Back to the ‘Peaceable’ Paradise: Media Soldiers for the Seizure of Elián,” Media Research Center Special Report, May 23, 2000.
3
Cyber Alert, “Drugs for Elián?” Media Research Center, May 3, 2000.
Cyber Alert, “Drugs for Elián?” Media Research Center, May 3, 2000.
4
David Limbaugh,
Absolute Power: The Legacy of Corruption in the Clinton-Reno Justice Department
(Washington, D.C.: Regnery, 2001), 315.
David Limbaugh,
Absolute Power: The Legacy of Corruption in the Clinton-Reno Justice Department
(Washington, D.C.: Regnery, 2001), 315.
5
Graham, “Back to the ‘Peaceable’ Paradise: Media Soldiers for the Seizure of Elián.”
Graham, “Back to the ‘Peaceable’ Paradise: Media Soldiers for the Seizure of Elián.”
6
Ibid.
Ibid.
7
Ibid.
Ibid.
8
Ibid.
Ibid.
9
Ibid.
Ibid.
10
Ibid.
Ibid.
11
Ibid.
Ibid.
12
Interview with Enrique Encinosa.
Interview with Enrique Encinosa.
INDEX
ABC
Absolute Power
(Limbaugh)
(Limbaugh)
Abyssinian Baptist Church
Abzug, Bella
Acheson, Dean
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