Farewell to Reality (57 page)

special theory of relativity
30
,
34
,
42
,
55
,
58—9
,
59
n,
70
n,
81
,
84—7
,
91
,
96
,
99—100
,
134

speed of light
28
,
32
,
34
,
42
,
48
,
59
,
59
n,
69
,
84—7
,
88
,
90
,
91
,
92—3
,
94
,
117
,
125
,
134
,
135
,
136

spin
27
,
32—5
,
40
,
44
,
52
,
58
,
59
,
60
,
61
,
65
,
66
,
69
,
71
,
73
,
83
,
84
,
100
,
157
,
166
,
172
,
173
,
186
,
189
,
191
,
203
,
221
,
235
,
238
,
258
,
286

Spinor field
60—1

spooky action-at-a-distance
42—6
,
47
,
48
,
49
,
132
,
182
,
211

squarks,
ix
,
x
,
166
,
167
,
169
,
177
,
178

sine wave
65
,
158

standard candles
126

standard model of particle physics
16
,
55
,
57—8
,
75
,
77
,
78
,
79
,
103
,
124
,
129
,
136
,
141
,
146
,
147
,
148
,
155
,
157—8
,
164
,
165
,
170
,
171
,
186
,
188
,
229
,
261

Stanford Linear Accelerator

Center (SLAC)
75
,
76

Steinhardt, Paul
227
,
228
,
231

stellar nucleosynthesis
263

stop squarks
166
,
169
,
177
,
178

string theory
16
,
184—8
,
189

lack of progression in
297

The String Assumption
186

weakening grip of
299

see also
superstring theory

Strominger, Andrew
193
,
194

strong nuclear force
56
,
57
,
65
,
66
,
70
,
71
,
76
,
78
,
103—4
,
118
,
139
,
170
,
171
,
188
,
189
,
192
,
200

SU (2) quantum field theory
158—9
,
162
,
175

SU (3) quantum field theory
158
,
159
,
162
,
175

SU (5) theory
159
,
159
n,
160
,
175

Sundrum, Raman
201
,
226

Suntzeff, Nicholas
126

Super-Kamioke Nucleon Decay

Experiments
162
,
162
n

superconducting quantum

interference devices

(SQUIDs)
55
,
100

supercooling
119—20
,
119
n,
222

supergravity
172—4
,
190
,
197
,
206

Supernova Cosmology Project

(SCP)
126

supernovae
113
n,
116
,
125—7
,
264
,
279

superpartners
165—8
,
169
,
172—3
,
174
,
176

superposition
35
,
39
,
55
,
132
,
133
,
134
,
134
n,
172
,
210
,
211
,
212
,
212
n,
213
,
214
,
217
,
220
,
239—40
,
241

superstring theory
ix
,
x
,
xiii
,
158
n,
181
,
184—8
,
208
,
209
,
261
,
266
,
269
,
281
,
282
,
283
,
288
,
298
,
299

branes and braneworlds
198—202
,
226—7

Calabi—Yau spaces
192—6
,
200
,
224—6

compactification
184
,
193

holography and
254—6

M-theory and the second

superstring revolution
196—8
,
202
,
203
,
204
,
205
,
207
,
208
,
209
,
269
,
282
,
297

mis-selling of the superstring

programme
205—7

multiverse and
224—6
,
229—31

reality check
202—5

the graviton and
188—9

Witten and the first

superstring revolution
190—2

supersymmetry (SUSY)
ix
,
x
,
163—5
,
187
,
205
n,
208
,
209
,
231
,
261
,
288
,
299
,
300

assumption
164

breaking
174
,
190

convergence of subatomic

forces and
170

derived from string theory

argument
187

end of
179—81

hierarchy problem and
168—9

MSSM and
165—6
,
165
n,
166
,
167
,
169

split
180

supergravity and
172—4
,
190

superpartners
165—8
,
172

superstring theory and
187—8

SUSY reality check/weighing

the evidence
174—8

SUSY, LSP and the problem

of dark matter
170
,
178

symmetry between fermions

and bosons and
162—5

weakening of grip of
299

WIMPS, search for and
178—80

symmetry
118
,
119
,
121
,
132
,
141
,
155—9

and development of SUSY
162—5
see also

supersymmetry

and search for grand

unification
159—62

continuous symmetry

transformations
155—9

spontaneous symmetry-

breaking
68—73
,
130
,
139
,
141
,
142
,
155
,
162
,
165—8
,
170
,
174
,
288

Susskind, Leonard
185
,
223—4
,
226
,
231
,
250—1
,
252
,
269
,
281
,
293—4
,
296

tachyons
187
,
188
,
194

Tammy Kitzmiller et al. vs

Dover Area School District

et al.
271
,
273

Tao of Physics, The
(Capra)
180

tau
75
,
77
n,
137
,
138

taxonomy, particle
64—5

Tegmark, Max
214—15
,
218
,
236—7
,
238
,
253

Templeton Prize
274

Templeton, Sir John
274

tensor
60

Testability Principle
20
,
131
,
176
,
233
,
259
,
291
,
293

Texas, University of
193

theoretical physicists, intelligence of
287—91

theorizing as a creative process
14—15

Theory Principle, The
17
,
21
,
130
,
195

Thirring, Hans
100

‘thought experiments', Einstein

challenges Bohr with
42—6
,
50

time
see
spacetime

Tipler, Frank
270
,
279

Tomonaga, Sin-Itiro
63

Trivedi, Sandip
225

Turok, Neil
227
,
228

Tye, Henry
119

U (1) quantum field theory of

electromagnetism
158
,
159
,
162

U (1) symmetery group
158
,
183
n

uncertainty principle, the
38—40
,
41
,
79
,
143
,
144
,
147
,
147
n,
228
,
248

upsilon
75

Uranus
18—19

US National Accelerator

Laboratory
72
see also

Fermilab

US National Bureau of

Standards, Washington,

D.C.
66

Utrecht, University of
253

vacuum:

catastrophe
143—5

false
69
,
70
,
79
,
120

quantum fluctuations of the
40—2
,
68
,
143—5
,
161
,
278

state
68

van Nieuwenhuizen, Peter van
173

vector
60—1

veiled reality
6—8

Veltman, Martinus
71
,
188
,
202

Veneziano, Gabriele
185
,
195

Veracity Principle
22
,
102
,
131
,
259
,
285

verifiability
18
,
19—20

Vienna Circle
18

Vienna, University of
51

Vilenkin, Alexander
222

von Neuman, John
209—10

W and Z particles
67
,
68
,
70
,
71
,
75
,
118
,
130
,
136
n,
159
,
166
,
288

Warped Passages
(Randall)
205—6

wave behaviour
28
,
31

collapse of the wavefunction
35—8
,
42
,
45
,
47
,
50
,
52
,
132
,
133
,
182
,
209—10
,
212
,
214
,
218
,
240

decoherence, amplification

and
211—13

Einstein's light quantum

hypothesis and
28—30

gravity and light wave
98—9

hidden variables and
47
,
48
,
49

Leggett's inequality and
52

parity of
65—6

photon
see
photons

pilot waves
210—11

Schrödinger's cat and
132
,
133
,
134—5

spooky action-at-a-distance

and
42—3
,
44
,
45

uncertainty principle and
39—40

Von Neuman's ‘projection

postulate' and
209—10

wave mechanics
58
,
59

wave particle duality
30—1
,
286

‘wavefunction of the universe'
216

weak neutral currents
72

weak nuclear force
57—8
,
66
,
67—8
,
71
,
72
,
78
,
103
,
104
,
117
,
117
,
170
,
182

Weakly Interacting Massive

Particles (WIMPs)
124
,
124
n,
141
,
172
,
174
,
178—9
,
180

Weinberg, Steven
70—1
,
72
,
117
,
118
,
141
,
170
,
278
,
279
,
280
,
288
,
296

Wess, Julius
163

Wheeler, John
97
,
147
,
215
,
216
,
246
,
247
,
267

white dwarf star
125—6

Wilczek, Frank
141

Wilkinson Microwave

Anisotropy Probe (WMAP)
121—2
,
127
,
128

Wilkinson, David
114
,
115

Williams, Robert
276

Wilson, Robert
115

Witten, Edward
190—1
,
192
,
194
,
197
,
198
,
199
,
201
,
226
,
254