Exodus From Hunger (23 page)
Read Exodus From Hunger Online
Authors: David Beckmann
Tags: #Religion, #Christian Life, #Social Issues, #Christianity, #General
1.
Jeffrey Sachs,
The End of Poverty
(New York: Penguin Press, 2005), 26–50.
2.
L. S. Stavrianos,
Global Rift
(New York: Morrow, 1981).
3.
Eric Munoz, Salik Farooqi, Dulce Gamboa, and Emily Nohner from Bread for the World Institute’s staff helped develop these country studies.
4.
World Bank,
World Development Indicators
,
http://data.worldbank.org.
5.
Martin Ravallin, “Are There Lessons for Africa from China’s Success Against Poverty?” 2008,
http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/27/8/40378144.pdf.
6.
U.N. Statistics Division, “U.N. Millennium Development Goals Indicators,”
http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/SeriesDetail.aspx?srid=589&crid=156.
7.
Carin Zissis and Jayshree Bajoria, “China’s Environmental Crisis,” Council on Foreign Relations, 2007,
http://www.cfr.org/ publication/12608/chinas_environmental_crisis.html#1.
8.
Ma Yan,
The Diary of Ma Yan
(New York: Harper Collins, 2005).
9.
W. Nubin, ed.,
Sri Lanka: Current Issues and Historical Background
(New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2003), 29.
10.
World Heath Organization, “The Safe Motherhood Initiative Reduces Maternal Deaths in Sri Lanka,”
Health: A Key to Prosperity—Success Stories in Developing Countries
,
http://www.who.int/inf-new/ mate1.htm.
11.
World Bank,
World Development Indicators
.
12.
United Nations Development Programme, Mozambique: National Human Development Report 2005, 2006,
http://hdr.undp.org/rss/reports/nationalreports/africa/mozambique/MOZAMBIQUE_2005_en.pdf.
13.
World Bank,
World Development Indicators
.
14.
Fabio Veras Soares, Rafael Perez Ribas, and Rafael Guerreiro Osorio, “Evaluating the Impact of Brazil’s
Bolsa Família,”
2007,
http:// www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCEvaluationNote1.pdf.
Also, Anthony Hall, “From Fome Zero to Bolsa Família,”
Journal of Latin American Studies
38, no. 4 (November 2006): 689.
15.
David Beckmann and Emily Byers,
Building Political Will to End Hunger
, Prepared for the U.N. Millennium Project Hunger Task Force (Washington, DC: Bread for the World Institute, 2004).
16.
S. G. Rappaport, “Change and Continuity in Attention to Poverty in Mexico” in
Changing Structure of Mexico
, ed. Laura Randall (Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 2006).
17.
Santiago Levy,
Progress against Poverty: Sustaining Mexico’s Progresa-Oportunidades
(Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2006), 33–80.
18.
World Bank,
World Development Indicators
.
19.
Bread for the World Institute,
Hunger Report 2009: Global Development—Charting a New Course
(Washington, DC: Bread for the World, 2008), 76.
20.
Todd Post, “Setting a Goal to End Poverty and Hunger in the United States,” Bread for the World Institute, 2009, 6.
21.
Cathy Newman, “June Budget 2010: Housing Benefit, Child Poverty, and Taxes,”
http://blogs.channel4.com/factcheck/2010/06/22/ the-budget-factchecked-housing-benefit-child-poverty-and-taxes/.
22.
Kathleen Beegle, “The Real Costs of Indonesia’s Economic Crisis,” 2008, siteresources.worldbank.org/INTECAREGTOPMACGRO/Resources/KathleenBeegle.ppt. See also Embassy of the United States in Indonesia, “Chronology of the Crisis,”
http://jakarta.usembassy.gov/econ/crisis.html.
1.
New York: HarperCollins, 1994.
2.
Martin Luther King, III, “Realizing the Dream in the Middle East,” speech at Peres Center for Peace, Jaffa, Israel, April 2010, quoted in The King Center for Nonviolent Social Change,
Global Nonviolence Initiative: Israel and Palestine, April 2010
,
http://www.realizingthedream.org/where-we-work/project-reports/Israel-Palestine%20External%20Report-April%202010.pdf/view.
3.
I asked a diverse group of Christian theologians—Jose Irizarry, Vincent Miller, Earl Trent, Cheri Holdridge, Gary Cook, and Christine Pohl—to reflect on the claim that God is moving in history to overcome hunger and poverty. They raised questions and helped me think more clearly, but they all found this message consistent with their own thinking about God.
4.
James L. McDonald, “Hope in a Time of Calamity,” sermon at Garden Memorial Presbyterian Church, July 27, 2008.
5.
Taylor Branch,
Parting the Waters
(New York: Simon & Schuster), 162.
1.
See, for example, Bruce Gilley,
The Right to Rule: How States Win and Lose Legitimacy
(New York: Columbia University Press, 2009).
2.
Duncan Green,
From Poverty to Power
(Oxford: Oxfam, 2008), 96.
3.
Bread for the World Institute,
Hunger Report 2009: Global Development—Charting a New Course
(Washington, DC: Bread for the World, 2009), 118–20.
4.
Center for Global Development,
Commitment to Development Index 2008
,
http://www.cgdev.org/section/initiatives/_active/cdi/_non_flash/.
5.
Quoted in Robert N. Bellah, “Individualism and Commitment in American Life,” February 20, 1986,
http://robertbellah.com/lectures_4.htm.
6.
Herbert Hoover, “Rugged Individualism,” speech delivered October 22, 1928,
http://www.pinzler.com/ushistory/ruggedsupp.html.
7.
Bill Gates, speech at George Washington University, December 3, 2008,
http://www.gatesfoundation.org/speeches-commentary/Pages/ bill-gates-2008-george-washington-university-speech.aspx.
8.
Salik Farooqi, a Bread for the World Institute analyst, combined data on the Islamic Conference countries with estimates for India and China to arrive at this figure.
9.
Susan Rice, “The Threat of Global Poverty,”
National Journal
(Spring 2006): 76.
10.
Robert J. Samuelson, “The Rich and the Rest,”
Washington Post
, April 19, 2007; Harold Meyerson, “Rise of the Have-Nots,”
Washington Post
, September 26, 2007; and Bread for the World Institute,
Hunger Report 2008: Working Harder for Working Families
(Washington, DC: Bread for the World, 2008), 3.
1.
“Commencement Address to the Class of 2009,” University of Portland, May 21, 2009,
http://www.up.edu/commencement/default.aspx?cid=9456&pid=3144.
2.
Barbara Devaney, Linda Bilheimer, and Jennifer Schore, “The Savings in Medicaid Costs for Newborns and Their Mothers Resulting from Prenatal Participation in the WIC Program,” Food and Nutrition Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, October 1991,
http://www.fns.usda.gov/ora/MENU/Published/WIC/FILES/savadd.pdf.
3.
U.S. Agency for International Development, “Child Health: Saving Lives, Protecting Health,”
http://www.usaid.gov/our_work/ global_health/mch/ch/index.html
Also, “Two Decades of Progress: USAID’s Child Survival and Maternal Health Program,”
http://www.usaid.gov/our_work/global_health/mch/ch/publications/csrept1.pdf.
4.
International Monetary Fund and International Development Association, “Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative—Statistical Update (2006),” 28,
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTDEBTDEPT/ProgressReports/20953987/032106.pdf.
5.
Lauren Etter and Greg Hitt, “Farm Lobby Beats Back Assault on Subsidies,”
Wall Street Journal
, March 27, 2008,
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB120657645419967077.html.
1.
John Nichols, “Remembering Molly Ivins,”
The Nation
, January 21, 2007.
2.
Alliance to End Hunger, “Hunger Message Project,”
http:// www.alliancetoendhunger.org/resources/.
3.
Tom Freedman,
American Media Coverage of Africa
(Washington, DC: Freedman Consulting, 2006).
4.
“Letter from Bill and Melinda Gates,” 2009,
http://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/Pages/bill-melinda-gates-letter.aspx.
5.
Richard Stearns,
The Hole in Our Gospel
(Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 2009), 196.
6.
The U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief,
World AIDS Day 2009: Latest PEPFAR Results
,
http://www.pepfar.gov/ documents/organization/133033.pdf.
7.
Sarah Turner and David Beckmann,
How U.S. Churches and Society Are Responding to Increased Poverty
(Washington, DC: Bread for the World, January 2010).
8.
S. Bloomfield, “Popular in Africa: Bush Has Given More Aid Than Any Other US President,”
Independent
, February 17, 2008,
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/popular-in-africa-bush-has-given-more-aid-than-any-other-us-president-783387.html.
9.
Tom Freedman, Sam Gill, Sam Feder, John Bridgeland, and Meredith Copley, “The Issue of Poverty in the 2008 Campaign—A Study of Print Media,” 2008,
http://www.naktv.net/Spotlight/ SpotlightMediaStudy.pdf.
1.
As of March 2010. See
http://feedingamerica.org.
2.
Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, “The Earned Income Tax Credit,” December 4, 2009,
http://www.cbpp.org/files/ policybasics-eitc.pdf.
3.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, “Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report,” November 2007,
http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/ assessment-report/ar4/syr/ar4_syr_spm.pdf.
4.
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, cited in InterAction, “The Other Partner: NGOs and Private Sector Funding for International Development & Relief,” February 2009, 6.
5.
World Bank,
World Development Report 2010: Development and Climate Change
(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2010).
6.
Dennis Cauchon, “Tax Bills in 2009 at Lowest Level Since 1950,”
USA Today
, May 11, 2010,
http://www.usatoday.com/money/ perfi/taxes/2010-05-10-taxes_N.htm.
See also Gerald Prante, “A Closer Look at Popular USA Today Article Claiming Historically Low Taxes,” Tax Foundation Tax Policy Blog, May 11, 2010,
http:// www.taxfoundation.org/blog/show/26292.html.
7.
Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, “Where Do Our Federal Tax Dollars Go?” 2009,
http://www.cbpp.org/cms/index.cfm?fa+view&id=1258.
1.
Robert Putnam and David Campbell,
American Grace: How Religion Is Reshaping Our Civic and Political Lives
(forthcoming), discussed in “Congregants Make Better Citizens,”
Christian Century
, June 16, 2009, 16.
2.
Richard Stearns,
The Hole in Our Gospel
(Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 2009), 217.
3.
John Robbins,
The Food Revolution: How Your Diet Can Help Save Your Life and Our World
(San Francisco: Conari Press, 2001).
4.
Jeffry Odell Korgen,
My Lord and My God: Engaging Catholics in Social Ministry
(Mahwah, NJ: Paulist Press, 2006).
5.
The Association of Americans Resident Overseas, “5.25 Million Americans (Excluding Military) Live in 160-plus Countries,”
http://aaro.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id= 6&catid=4&Itemid=6.
Also, U.S. Department of Commerce, “2008 United States Resident Travel Abroad,” 2009,
http://tinet.ita.doc.gov/ outreachpages/download_data_table/2008_US_Travel_Abroad.pdf.
6.
New York: Nation Books, 2009.
7.
Jacqueline L. Salmon, “Churches Retool Mission Trips,”
Washington Post
, July 5, 2008.
8.
Richard A. Hoehn,
Up from Apathy
(Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1983).
addiction, issues with, 164–65
advocacy, 151, 171, 178–79
advocacy organizations, 178
Afghanistan, war in, 148
Africa, 22, 35–37, 94, 96–103, 114–18, 129–30
agriculture, aid for developing, in
poor countries, 136
AIDS, 35, 36, 53, 121–22
Alcoholics Anonymous, 164, 165
Alliance to End Hunger, 112–13, 127
American Jewish World Service, 127
antipoverty programs, 59
assistance, balancing, with
advocacy, 171
baby bonds, 58
Bachus, Spencer, 95–99
Bangladesh, 37–40, 149, 159
Beckmann, Andrew, 114, 163–64, 174–75
Beckmann, David, 155–66
Beckmann, Janet Williams, 37, 158, 159, 163, 168
Beckmann, John, 164–65
Belmont University, 130
Berea College, 124
Berman, Howard, 143
Bible
presenting God’s movement
in history, 66–68
teaching justice toward poor
people, 68–71
Birmingham
(AL)
News
, 98
Blair, Tony, 58, 116
Blank, Rebecca, 25–26
Bolsa Familia (Family Grant)
programs (Brazil), 55
Bono, 78, 98, 100, 101, 111, 114–19
Booker, Tom, 97
Borg, Marcus, 73
Borlaug, Norman, 138–39
Branch, Taylor, 79
Branson, Richard, 116
Brazil, 54–55, 60
Bread for the World, 1, 3, 171, 178, 180–82
alliance with MAZON, 127
arguing for delay in Iraq
invasion, 147–48
bipartisan approach of, 93
building early support for
WIC, 92–93
campaigning to reform U.S.
foreign assistance, 140–43
embracing Millennium
Development Goals, 32
encouraging advocacy for
charities, 111–12
growing impact of, 91–92
how to get involved, 180–82
increased outreach of, 150–51
involvement of, in shifting
U.S. policies toward
Africa, 94
Offering of Letters, 134, 181
organizing interfaith convocations, 128
personal involvement with, 108
primary issues for, 146
work on the Farm Bill, 103–5
work on Jubilee, 95–100
work on nutrition assistance
and development assistance, 100–103
Bread for the World Institute, 112, 119
Brown, Gordon, 116
Brown, Larry, 24
Buffett, Howie, 119–20
Buffett, Warren, 119
Bush, George H. W., 43
Bush, George W., 28, 31, 43, 101, 102, 105, 129
Bush, Laura, 129
Bush administration (George
W.), 11, 122, 129
Calderón, Felipe, 57
Cameron, David, 58–59
cap-and-trade system, 149
carbon tax, 149
Cargill, 112
Carmichael, Stokely, 157–58
Carr, John, 131
Carter, Jimmy, 43
Catholic Charities, 112, 169, 170
Catholic Health Association, 169
Catholic Relief Services, 169, 170
cell phones, 3, 36, 52
Cerrell, Joe, 118
charities, effectiveness of, 171
Charity Navigator, 171
child deaths, preventable, numbers of, 7
child hunger, ending, 133–35
children, effects on, of food
insecurity, 24
child survival programs, 92, 93
Child Survival Revolution, 93
Child Tax Credit, 134
China, 48–50, 60
Chissano, Joaquim, 52–54
Christ Church (Alexandria, VA), 129
Christian Churches Together
(CCT), 126
Christian Coalition, 120–21
Christianity, core message of, 185
Christian Reformed Church, 121
churches, ways to get them
involved, 169, 180–81
Church World Service, 170
citizen activism, 9
Citizens United v. Federal Elections
Commission
, 89
civil war, incidence of, by country income, 88
Clausen, Tom, 160
climate change, 140
Clinton, Bill, 43, 98, 99, 128–29, 130
Clinton, Hillary, 136, 137, 139, 143
Clinton administration, 11, 43, 95, 96–97
Clinton Foundation, 129
Coffin, William Sloane, Jr., 157
commodities lobbying, 104
community efforts, for ending
child hunger, 133–34
Concordia Seminary (St. Louis), 158–59
Confucianism, 82
Congress, influencing members
of, 109
Cooperative Baptist Fellowship, 121
Corn Growers Association, 104
cultural change, 66
Daley-Harris, Shannon, 173
deficit reduction, 147
democracy, contributing to anti-poverty movements, 60
Democracy in America
(Tocqueville), 84
Democratic Party, improving
relations with religious
community, 128
developing countries
holding elections, increasing
number of, 36
progress of, toward
Millennium Development
Goals, 34
development, pursuit of, 47–48
development assistance, 33, 139–42
Diary of Ma Yan, The
(Ma), 49–50
diet, change in, 172–73
domestic hunger, growing
concern over, 129–30
domestic poverty, increasing
focus on, 129, 130
drug trade, 149–50
Drummond, Jamie, 98, 114, 117
Earned Income Tax Credit, 43, 134–35
economic growth, as means of reducing poverty, 59
economic slowdown (2008–), 5, 6
churches’ response to, 126
effects of, in the United
States, 26–27
international effects of, 26
U.S. response to, 28–29
economy, importance of, for poor
people, 146–47
Eden Revival
(Beckmann), 157
educational system, reform of, 148
Elanco, 112
elderly, programs for, 42
elections, importance of, 150, 177–78
Emerging Africa
(Radelet), 36
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 84
employment, as best way to
reduce hunger and poverty, 25
energy efficiency, 148–49
Enough
(Thurow and Kilman), 138
environmental neglect, undercutting
development, 60
Evangelical Covenant Church, 121
Evangelical Lutheran Church of
America, 169
evangelicals, 120–22
exploitative financial practices, 27
Falwell, Jerry, 120
FAO.
See
U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization
Farm Bill, 103–5, 145
Farm Bureau, 104
farm subsidies, 104–5, 144–45
Federal Income Tax Credit, 128–29
Feeding America, 112
Feed the Future, 136
Field Foundation, 42
50 Ways to Help Save the Earth
, 173
Fome Zero (Zero Hunger)
program (Brazil), 55, 60
food aid, reforming, 145
food charities, 10–11, 134
food insecurity, 23–25
food stamp program, 11.
See also
Supplemental Nutrition
Assistance Program
Ford, Gerald, 43
Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, 143
Fox, Vicente, 57
free markets, 84–85
Friday Morning Reflections at the
World Bank
(Beckmann
et al.), 161
Frist, Bill, 102
Fund to Fight and Eradicate
Poverty (Brazil), 55
Gandhi, Indira, 113
Gates, Bill, 86, 111, 118–19
Gates, Melinda, 111, 118–19
Gates Foundation, 118–19
G8, 8, 31, 97–98, 116–17
Geldof, Bob, 114, 116
Gerson, Michael, 122
Getting Ready to Come Back
(Bread
for the World), 175
Ghana, 51–52, 60, 61, 157
GI Bill, 41
global economy, interconnectedness
of, 28
Global Fund for AIDS, 115
global warming, 148–49
God
acting in history, 9, 66–68
being grounded in, 168–69
personality of, 68
presence in the movement to
overcome hunger, 75–78, 80, 82
reliance on, 183–85
gospels, 71–73
government
involving, in making progress
against hunger, 11–12
low opinion of, 10
grace, 78–80, 155–56
Graham, Franklin, 122
grain prices, 6, 26, 105, 136
Gramm, Phil, 99
Grant, Jim, 93
grassroots advocacy, 101
Great Society, 41–42
“green jobs,” 148
Green Revolution of Asia, 138
Group of 8.
See
G8
Hall, Tony, 112–13
Harkin, Tom, 104
Haski, Pierre, 49
health care, 147, 148
healthy eating, 172–73
H-E-B, 112
Heifer International, 166
Helms, Jesse, 98, 122
Hewlett Foundation, 141
Hewson, Alison, 114
Hoehn, Dick, 182
Homestead Act, 41
Hoover, Herbert, 84–85
Howell, Barbara, 23
hunger
conditions related to, 25
costs of, in the United States, 24
effects of, 21–22
politics of, changing, 177–82
progress against, 30–31, 41–42
reducing, bipartisan initiative
for, 90
Hunger-Free Communities
Program, 134
Hunger Task Force, for U.N.
Millennium Development
Goals, 33
Hybels, Bill, 121
Hybels, Lynne, 121
idol worship, 69–70, 82
immigration, 149
Inácio da Silva, Luis (Lula), 54–55, 60
income gap, 34, 48, 89
individualism, 84
Indonesia, 60
Industrial Areas Foundation, 179
Industrial Revolution, 47
InterAction, 111–12
International Alliance Against
Hunger, 113
international charities, support
for, 12
international debt relief initiative, 98.
See also
Jubilee
international development
assistance, 101
International Fund for Agricultural
Development, 113
International Monetary Fund, 98
International Panel on Climate
Change, 140
International Rescue Committee, 170
Iraq, invasion of, 147–48
Jefferson, Karen, 45–46
Jesus
concern of, toward the poor, 71–73
death and resurrection of, meaning of, 73–74, 185
feeding miracles of, 184
love of, 78–79
Jewish Council on Public
Affairs, 127
Jewish groups, advocacy among, 127
John Paul II, 95, 97
Johnson, Lyndon B., 41
Johnson-Sirleaf, Ellen, 125
Jolie, Angelina, 116
Jubilee, 94–100
justice revival, 151
Kasich, John, 9, 99
Keenan, Jeffery, 173
Kennedy administration, 143
Kerry, John, 143–44
Kilman, Roger, 138
Ki-moon, Ban, 137
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 44, 76, 79–80
Kissinger, Henry, 37, 76
Korgen, Jeffry, 173
Kumpila, Pedro, 2–3, 53–54
Kumpila, Veronica, 53
Land O’Lakes, 112
Latino churches, 126–27
Leach, Jim, 97, 163
Leon, Daniel de, 127
lifestyle, matching to values, 172–73
Life Teams, 1
Live Aid, 114
Live 8, 116–17
Luck, Jo, 166
Lugar, Richard, 102–3
Lula.
See
Inácio da Silva, Luis
Lutheran Church–Missouri
Synod, 158–59
Lutheran Services in America, 169
Lutheran World Federation, 159
Lutheran World Relief, 112, 159, 169
Luxembourg Income Study, 83–84
Malawi, 148–49, 174–75
Malaysia, progress against
poverty in, 59–60
Martingale, Joe, 106–9
Martingale, Mary, 106–7
Martinsville (VA), 27–28
Ma Yan, 49–50
MAZON, 112, 127, 128
McCain, John, 90, 130
McDonald, Jim, 77, 95
McGovern, Jim, 104–5
Meehan, Terry, 177
Meeting Jesus Again for the First
Time
(Borg), 73
Mexico, 56–58, 60
military spending, 147
Millennium Challenge Account, 102–3
Millennium Development Goals, 7, 31–35, 51, 130, 139, 140
Mills, John Atta, 52
Miner, Dave, 1–4
minorities, conditions for, in the
United States, 41
mission trips, 175
Modernizing Foreign Assistance
Network, 140–41
Moore, Blo, 123, 125
Moore, Gyude, 122–25
morality, 81–83
Moral Majority, 120
mortgage problems, 27
Mosaic, 112
Moses, 68–69
Mother Teresa, 159
Moving Out of Poverty
(Narayan), 22–23
Moyers, Bill, 105
Mozambique, 52–54, 60, 61
Mtimbe (Mozambique), 1–5
Muller, Martin, 96, 99
Muslim groups, advocacy among, 127–28
Muslims, poverty among, 87
Mutirão, 55
Narayan, Deepa, 22
National Farmers Organization, 104
National Farmers Union, 104
National Food Security Council
(Brazil), 55
national nutrition programs, 42, 101, 133, 134
NETWORK, 169, 178
New Deal, 41
New Testament
concern for the poor in, 71–73
political aspects of, 73–75
Nielson, Trevor, 118
Nixon, Richard M., 42
Nyerere, Julius, 113
Obama administration, 141, 143
Obama, Barack, 28–29, 31, 43, 86–87, 89, 90, 109, 130–31, 133, 135–37, 139, 143
Obama, Michelle, 135
obesity, 24
Obrador, Andres, 57
ONE Campaign, 115, 119, 178
Oportunidades (Mexico), 56–57
Our Day to End Poverty
(Daley-Harris and Kennan), 173