Domestic Soldiers (35 page)

1
Quoted in Ben Highmore,
Everyday Life and Cultural Theory: An
Introduction
(London: Routledge, 2002), p. 87.

1
Brian Braithwaite, Noelle Walsh and Glyn Davies, eds,
The Home Front: The Best of
Good Housekeeping
1939–1945
(London: Ebury Press, 1987), p. 78.

2
With the exception of Nella Last, whose diaries have been published under her real name, the names in this book are pseudonyms to protect the identities of the women and their families.

1
‘Cheerfulness at the Front’,
The Times
5 November 1917, p. 5 col. c.

2
Paul Fussell,
The Great War and Modern Memory
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1975; reprinted 2000), p. 41.

1
Quoted in Juliet Gardiner,
Wartime Britain 1939–1945
(London: Review, 2005), p. 71.

2
J.B.S. Haldane,
A.R.P. Air-Raid Precautions
(London: Gollancz, 1938), p. 50.

1
J.B. Priestley,
Postscripts
(London: W. Heinemann, 1940), p. 2.

2
Quoted in Arthur Marwick,
A History of the Modern British
Isles, 1914–1999: Circumstances, Events and Outcomes
(Oxford: Blackwell, 2000), p. 139.

3
Quoted in Winston S. Churchill,
The Second World War: Vol.
2,
Their Finest Hour
(New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1949), p. 187.

4
Winston Churchill,
Never Give In! The Best of Winston Churchill’s
Speeches
, ed. Winston S. Churchill (New York: Hyperion, 2003), p. 218.

5
Ibid., p. 229.

6
David Low,
Europe at War: A History in Sixty Cartoons with
Narrative Text
(Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1941), p. 81.

1
Quoted in William L. Shirer,
The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich:
A History of Nazi Germany
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1990), p. 749.

2
Quoted in Gardiner,
Wartime Britain
, p. 332.

3
Angus Calder,
The People’s War: Britain, 1939–1945
(London: Jonathan Cape, 1969), p. 141.

4
Ibid., p. 144.

5
Quoted Gardiner,
Wartime Britain
, p. 307.

6
Quoted in William Shirer,
The Berlin Diary: The Journal of
a Foreign Correspondent, 1939–1941
(Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002), p. 496.

7
Quoted in Martin Gilbert,
The Second World War: A Complete
History
(New York: Macmillan, 2004), p. 122.

8
T.C.G. James,
The Battle of Britain
, ed. and with an introduction by Sebastian Cox, (London: Frank Cass, 2000), p. 294.

9
Gardiner,
Wartime Britain
, p. 350.

10
Mass-Observation diarist 5318, 13 October 1941.

11
Quoted in Calder,
The People
’
s War
, p. 204.

12
Ibid., p. 179

13
Quoted in ibid., p. 171.

14
Carlton Jackson,
Who Will Take Our Children
?:
The British
Evacuation Program
of World War II
(Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland and Co., 2008), p. 14.

15
Clyde Binfield,
The History of the City of Sheffi
eld, 1843–1993
(Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1993), vol. 2, p. 243.

16
Mary Walton and Joseph Lamb,
Raiders Over Sheffi
eld: The
Story of the Air Raids of 12th and 15th December 1940
(Sheffield: Sheffield City Libraries, 1980), p. 7.

17
Ibid., pp. 12–17.

1
Quoted in James Hinton, ‘Voluntarism and the Welfare/Warfare State: Women’s Voluntary Services in the 1940s’,
Twentieth Century British History
vol. 9, no. 2 (1998), p. 280.

2
Gary Cooper, ‘I Like Women’,
Good
Housekeeping
,
June 1944, p. 1.

3
Quoted in Calder,
The People’s War
, p. 277.

4
‘What Women Are Doing and Saying,’
Woman’s Own
, 9 January 1942, p. 16.

5
‘Letters from the Home Front’,
Woman’s Own
, 20 November 1942, p. 18.

6
Priestley,
Postscripts
, p. 68.

7
Lord Woolton, BBC broadcast, 8 April 1940. Joanna Bourke and Tim Piggott-Smith,
BBC Eyewitness 1940–1949
(London: BBC Audiobooks, 2004).

8
Ministry of Fuel advertisement,
Good
Housekeeping
, September 1943, p. 25.

9
Ministry of Food advertisement,
Woman’s Own
, 5 March 1943, p. 2.

10
Abram Games, Imperial War Museum, IWM PST 2865 in online collections, http://www.iwmcollections.org.uk.

11
Braithwaite, Walsh and Davies, eds,
The Home Front
, p. 72.

12
The National Archives maintains a website exploring Second World War propaganda and art, illustrating many propaganda messages listed here. See National Archives,
The Art
of War
http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/theartofwar/prop/home_front/

13
Braithwaite, Walsh and Davies, eds, The Home Front, p. 78.

1
Quoted in Claire Langhamer, ‘Adultery in Post-War England’,
History Workshop Journal
, vol. 62 (2006), p. 103.

2
Ibid., p. 100.

3
Rosita Forbes, ‘Be a Success’,
Woman’s Own
, 22 June 1940, p. 28.

4
Quoted in Phil Goodman, ‘“Patriotic Femininity”: Women’s Morals and Men’s Morale During the Second World War’,
Gender and History
, vol. 10, no. 2 (August 1998), p. 282.

1
Quoted in Arthur Herman,
Gandhi and Churchill: The Epic
Rivalry that Destroyed an Empire and Forged our Age
(New York: Random House, 2008), p. 500.

2
Clementine Churchill, quoted in Mary Soames,
Winston and
Clementine:
The Personal Letters of the Churchills
(New York: Houghton-Mifflin Harcourt, 2001), p. 460.

3
Winston Churchill,
The Second World War: Vol. 3, The Grand
Alliance
(New York: Houghton-Mifflin Harcourt, 1986), p. 551.

4
Quoted in Christopher Alan Bayly and Timothy Norman Harper,
Forgotten Armies: the Fall of British Asia, 1941–1945
(Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 2005), p. 120.

5
Churchill,
Vol. 3, The Grand Alliance
, p. 539.

6
Anne O’Hare McCormick, ‘Churchill Rises to “Grand Proportions” of History’,
New York Times
, 27 December 1941, c18.

7
‘Churchill Speech Hailed in Congress’,
New York Times
, 27 December 1941, p. 3.

8
Quoted in Herman,
Gandhi and Churchill
, p. 478.

9
Churchill,
Never Give In!
, p. 330.

10
Quoted in Calder,
The People
’
s War
, p. 274.

11
Quoted in Herman,
Gandhi and Churchill
, p. 481.

12
Calder,
The People
’
s War
, p. 272.

13
Quoted in Herman,
Gandhi and Churchill
, p. 489.

14
Quoted in ibid., p. 489.

15
Quoted in ibid., p. 493.

16
Herbert Morrison, in Hansard Parliamentary Papers, Written Answers, 23 September 1943.

17
Edith Summerskill, in Hansard Parliamentary Papers, Written Answers, 7 August 1941.

18
Winston Churchill,
The Second World War: Vol. 4, Hinge of Fate
(New York: Houghton-Mifflin Harcourt, 1986), p. 344.

19
Quoted in Calder,
The People’s War
, p. 305.

1
Priestley,
Postscripts
, p. 42.

2
Ibid., p. 21.

3
Ibid., p. 7.

4
Ibid., p. 33.

5
Ibid., p. 45.

6
George Orwell,
Homage to Catalonia
(New York: Houghton-Mifflin Harcourt, 1980), p. 104.

7
‘Beveridge Plan Criticized’,
The
Times
, 8 May 1942 p. 4E; ‘Parliament and the Beveridge Plan’,
The Times
, 6 October 1942, p. 5E.

8
Jose Harris,
William Beveridge: A Biography
(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997; 2nd edn), p. 376.

9
Calder,
The People’s War
, p. 527.

10
Quoted in Harris,
William Beveridge
, p. 413.

11
Quoted in ibid., p. 413.

12
ITMA
transcript, 4 December 1942, BBC Written Archives Centre, Caversham Park.

13
Quoted in Michael Bromley, ‘Was it the
Mirror
Wot Won it? The Development of the Tabloid Press During the Second World War’, in. Nick Hayes and Jeff Hill, eds,
‘Millions Like Us’?
British Culture in the Second World War
(Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1999), p. 114.

14
Harris,
William Beveridge
, p. 366.

15
Ibid., p. 420.

16
Quoted in Calder,
The People
’
s War
, p. 530.

17
Harris,
William Beveridge
, p. 429.

18
William Beveridge, ‘Social Insurance and Allied Services Report – Executive Summary’, Cmd 6404, November 1942, at http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1942beveridge.html

19
Woman’s Own
, 5 March 1943, p. 7.

20
Good Housekeeping
, March 1943, p. 1.

21
Calder,
The People
’
s War
, pp. 547–9.

22
Winston S. Churchill,
His Complete Speeches
,
1897–1963
:
Vol
.
7
,
1943–1949
, ed. Robert Rhodes James (New York and London: Chelsea House Publishers, 1974), 21 March 1943, pp. 6755–65.

1
Quoted in Thomas R. Brooks,
The War North of Rome: June
1944–May 1945
(Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 2003), p. 2.

2
Winston S. Churchill,
The Second World War: Vol. 5, Closing the
Ring
(New York: Houghton-Mifflin Harcourt, 1986), p. 380.

3
Quoted in Nicola Lambourne,
War Damage in Western Europe:
The Destruction of Historic Monuments During the Second World
War
(Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2001), p. 140.

4
Quoted in Martin Gilbert,
The Second World War: A Complete
History
(New York: Macmillan, 2004), p. 500.

5
Keith Lowe,
Inferno: The Fiery Destruction of Hamburg, 1943
(New York: Scribner, 2007), p. 64.

6
‘Hamburg Smoke Four Miles Up’,
The Times
, 31 July 1943, p. 4 col. F.

7
‘Evacuation of Hamburg’,
The Times
, 2 August 1943, p. 4 col. G.

8
Lyrics in Noel Coward,
The Complete Lyrics
, ed. Barry Day (Woodstock, NY: Overlook Press, 1998), p. 207.

9
William Gallacher, Hansard Oral Answers to Questions, 4 November 1943.

10
Quoted in Francis L. Loewenheim, Harold D. Langley and Manfred Jonas, eds,
Roosevelt and Churchill: Their Secret Wartime
Correspondence
(New York: E.P. Dutton, 1975), p. 10.

11
Winston Churchill, Hansard Oral Answers to Questions, 4 November 1943.

12
‘Housekeeping Savings’,
The Times
, 9 November 1943, p. 2, col. D.

13
Stephen Michael Cretney,
Family Law in the Twentieth Century:
A History
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003), p. 117.

14
George Woods, Hansard Commons Sittings, 1 December 1943.

15
Kevin Jefferys,
The Churchill Coalition and Wartime Politics
,
1940–
1945
(Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1995), p. 122.

16
Brains Trust
transcript, 13 September 1943, BBC Written Archives Centre, Caversham Park.

1
‘Lady Bountiful Fraud Charge’,
Daily Mirror
, 5 February 1944.

2
‘Jekyll–Hyde Mind of Lady Bountiful’,
Daily Mirror
, 17 March 1944.

3
Herbert Morrison, Hansard Oral Answers to Questions, 16 December 1943.

4
Calder,
The People’s War
, p. 407.

5
Edward Smithies,
Crime in Wartime: A Social History of Crime
in World War Two
(London: George Allen and Unwin, 1982), p. 62.

6
Ibid., p. 74.

7
‘Rescue Squad Men Guilty of Looting’,
The Times
, 13 February 1941, p. 2 col. D.

8
Quoted in Calder,
The People’s War
, pp. 178–9.

9
‘Bombs in Cargo of Oranges’,
The Times
, 15 January 1944, p. 2 col. D.