Authors: Howard Blum
Dark Invasion: 1915: Germany's Secret War and the Hunt for the First Terrorist Cell in America (16 page)
Lower Manhattan, New York City, with ferry in the foreground, circa 1912. Identified buildings include
(from left)
the Woolworth Building (with tower nearing completion) and the Singer Building.
(George Grantham Bain Collection, Library of Congress)
T
he open deck of the Forty-Second Street ferry didn’t offer many places to hide, so all the detectives could do was bury their heads in their newspapers. They hoped they looked like typical commuters, and that Fay, standing by the rail and looking straight across the Hudson to the New Jersey shoreline, didn’t notice them.
When Fay left the Breslin a little more than a half hour ago, Coy, Walsh, and Sterett had been in pursuit. The three detectives followed him onto the ferry to Weehawken.
After the ferry docked, they stayed with him as he walked up the steep hill into town and headed into the garage on Main Street. Fay remained in the garage long enough for the detectives to make new operational plans. Borrowing a car from the local police, they sat in it and waited.
Hours passed, and they began to wonder what Fay was doing. Or if there was a back door to the garage they hadn’t spotted.
But patience, they told themselves, was at the heart of every successful surveillance. Besides, all they could do was wait—unless they dared to telephone Captain Tunney and suggest there was a possibility that somehow Fay had escaped.
Suddenly a dark sedan pulled out of the garage. Fay was at the wheel, and there was a husky, well-dressed passenger next to him in the front seat. Was this Scholz, the roommate the landlady had mentioned?
The car drove through Weehawken and then headed north, taking a twisting route that ran along the cliffs of the Palisades. The police car kept its distance but never lost sight of the dark sedan.
The road took them past large homes, brick villas newly built by Wall Street financiers to take advantage of the glorious sunsets shimmering across the Hudson, then a movie studio where D. W. Griffith had shot the outdoor scenes for his earliest dramas. Soon the countryside became wilder, a thick forest of scrub oak trees.
Fay stopped the car, and both he and his passenger got out. They walked into the deep, dark woods.
The detectives couldn’t decide what to do. They could follow the two men, but the likelihood of their traipsing through a pitch-dark forest undetected seemed slim. Besides, Fay had left his car at the side of the road. He must be coming back, they told themselves.
They waited in the darkness, and it was as if they could hear the ominous ticking of each passing moment in their heads. What could he be doing in the woods for so long? They tried a variety of possibilities out on each other, but nothing in the end seemed reasonable. The longer they waited, the greater was their dread. How could the detectives explain to Captain Tunney that they had watched passively as Fay had walked off?
Fay and his passenger returned, though. They drove directly to the boardinghouse. When the two men entered, the watchers breathed a sigh of genuine relief.
The next day was Saturday, and at noon when Fay and his friend—they were now sure the big, dapper guy was Scholz—emerged from the boardinghouse, six detectives were in position up and down the block. Barnitz, on orders from Tom, had arrived before dawn to take charge.
There were also, parked in a nearby car, two Secret Service agents. Tom had asked that the agents be there; New York cops had no power of arrest in another state, and Tom had decided that it was time to bring Fay in. The many cautious steps that set up the covert delivery of the TNT; the meeting with Siebs; the strange disappearance into the Jersey woods in the middle of the night—Tom wanted explanations for a growing list of questions.
Still, Tom was willing to let Fay roam for a while longer. He wanted to see where he’d go, what he’d do. With the Secret Service agents, there were eight men on his tail. It was what watchers call a bandbox operation, cozy to the point of being airtight. There was no conceivable way Fay could suddenly vanish.
They followed Fay as he and his companion got on board a Grantwood streetcar. One detective hopped on board, too, while the others followed in two unmarked cars.
Fay and his friend rode the streetcar out of Weehawken and then continued on foot to the woods outside town. They walked at a leisurely pace, never looking back over their shoulders, never glancing about suspiciously. They seemed to be two friends out for a stroll. When they reached the spot where they had entered the woods on the previous night, they once again disappeared into the forest.
Barnitz sent Sterett and Coy in after them. Careful, he warned. But stealth was impossible. Leaves crackled under their feet. Twigs snapped. They were only two men, but it sounded as if a cavalry brigade were riding through the woods.
Fay turned around sharply and peered back. The two detectives froze.
After a moment, Fay continued. The officers followed. But it wasn’t long before Fay came to a halt. He looked about nervously, suddenly suspicious. Fay finally moved on, and when he did, the detectives decided it would be prudent to return to the cars.
The eight men waited. Hours passed. When it started to get dark and there was still no sign of Fay, Barnitz understood he had nothing left to lose. Let’s bring him in, he ordered, and the detectives and Secret Service agents went charging into the woods.
It was nearly midnight when Tom picked up the ringing phone in his office. His mood was subdued. He had been waiting all evening for Barnitz’s call, and he knew that every passing minute was a cause for alarm. He’d had hours to prepare himself for the worst. Yet he had kept hoping.
“We lost him,” Barnitz announced, his voice as pained as if he’d been shot in the gut. “Fay has vanished. No sign of him anywhere.”
T
he police were coming for him. He could hear their muffled footsteps in the hallway as they got into position. He waited, panicked, not knowing what to do.
Bang!
They were pounding on the door, shouting, “Open up! This is the New York Police Bomb Squad! Open up!” He was completely frozen, unable to move, unable to think. The door crashed open. A team of detectives, big, fierce men, came charging in. And Thomas Tunney, full of menace, was staring him in the face.
It was at this point in his dream that Franz von Rintelen would wake. He’d be shaking, and his body would be dripping with a cold sweat. Getting back to sleep was never easy; and anyway, he feared the nightmare would simply return.
He had been having this dream for weeks. It had started not long after he’d observed plainclothes detectives poking about the waterfront, watching the Allied ships being loaded and asking questions. A conversation with Koenig, who paid an officer at headquarters, detective Otto Mottola of the warrant squad, $25 a week to keep him informed, had provided more specifics. The detectives, Koenig had learned, were members of Captain Tunney’s bomb squad. They had been assigned to investigate the ship fires.
As for Tunney, the mole Koenig was running reported the captain had a reputation as “a bulldog,” a fierce and relentless cop. And once von Rintelen had a name, Tunney became the personification of all his mounting fears. In his agitated mind, Tunney loomed as a constant, stalking adversary.
Von Rintelen grew so troubled, he would later confess, that it wasn’t only his dreams that were a source of torment. He suffered “hallucinations that every knock at the door, during the day or during the night, was an invasion of the Bomb Squad of the New York Police.” Or he’d be having a drink at the Yacht Club bar and he’d become convinced that he “was being watched.” To lose the surveillance team, he’d take a taxi “to a remote quarter of the town”—but they’d be there, too. “I was still being shadowed,” he’d recall. He felt skewered by every stranger’s glance.
Yet the ubiquitous watchers were not Tom’s men. Tom had still not connected any names directly to the network mounting the bombings. They weren’t British agents either. While Room 40’s wranglers had decoded Wilhelmstrasse’s cables announcing the imminent arrival of von Rintelen in Manhattan, Section V, the SIS’s New York station, was not yet sufficiently concerned to be watching his every move.
In truth, there was no basis for von Rintelen’s fears. His skittish mood was that of any field agent behind the lines. A galloping internal terror was part of the mission.
At the same time, his fears, real or imagined, sharpened his edge. They drove him forward. He consoled himself by proving his bravery each new day. He would not allow himself to be deterred. He threw himself with an almost manic energy into a variety of outlandish schemes. Nothing seemed too ambitious, too far-fetched. He was a proud patriot answering his country’s call to battle.
A driven man, he launched many plots.
ONE BRASH AND HIGHLY EFFECTIVE
operation had its roots in a Russian count’s love of claret. It was the long, sobering spring of 1915, when the Russian army was on the march. They had pushed back the Austro-German forces, charged through Galicia and Austria, and were now advancing through the Carpathian Mountains. As the German general staff made preparations for a retaliatory counterstrike, von Rintelen soberly calculated that although he was far from the front lines, he could do his bit too. With an impressive ingenuity, as well as some shrewdly manipulative psychology, he went on the attack.
His opening gambit focused on Count Nicolai Ignatieff, the Russian military attaché in Paris. Ignatieff was an aristocrat and a soldier, a distinguished gentleman who by virtue of both his noble birth and his martial accomplishments wielded great power in the ruling czarist circles. The count was also a man who paid great attention to the cut of his clothes, the paintings that hung in his houses, and the horses in his stables. But his greatest passion, and most famous indulgence, was the care with which he stocked his cellars. He was renowned as a connoisseur of wines, a man whose “nose” was respected even by sophisticated Parisian oenophiles.
With cunning dexterity, von Rintelen went straight for the count’s vanity. For assistance, he recruited a wellborn German American woman whose sympathies remained bound to the Fatherland. Now living on Fifth Avenue, she had frequented Parisian society before the war and knew the count well. Von Rintelen dictated the letter she was instructed to send, and she took down every word in an ornate, flowing cursive:
My dear Count, a good friend, a Mr. E. V. Gibbons, hopes to import the finest claret into America. It would be an invaluable assistance if Monsieur le Count, with his extraordinary knowledge, could help select the choicest vintages and recommend the most esteemed vineyards.
The count’s reply was quick: I would be delighted to help Mr. Gibbons; please have him contact me directly. And now that the introduction had been made, the wellborn lady vanished and Max Weiser, the sly importer-exporter whose presence in the front room gave von Rintelen’s operation a veneer of legitimacy, took over.
In a flurry of letters and telegrams, Weiser, acting on behalf of E. V. Gibbons, Inc., wrote first to the count and then to the vineyards that the Russian, after much consideration, had selected. With the count’s imprimatur helping the deal to move swiftly along, a large consignment of the finest bottles of claret was soon shipped to the E. V. Gibbons company in New York.
The Abteilung IIIB paymasters were furious. Von Rintelen had insubordinately used funds originally intended to buy munitions to purchase cases of wine. Didn’t he realize there was a war on? This sort of indulgence was close to treason.
But von Rintelen was unapologetic. He explained that the transaction had helped to establish two important principles. First, E. V. Gibbons was a reputable firm that promptly paid its bills. And second, it forged a relationship with the influential Count Ignatieff.
Once tempers had been calmed, he also brought another beneficial consequence to the spymasters’ attention: Germany had made money on the deal. The cases of wine had all been sold in just two days for a heady profit.
With the powers in Königsplatz appeased, von Rintelen made his next move. A letter from E. V. Gibbons, Inc., to the count suggested that the Russian army employ the long-established and well-capitalized firm to act as its purchasing agent in America. It would be a mutually advantageous alliance: the Gibbons company was in a position to obtain whatever the troops needed, and the Russian army would be dealing with a firm they could count on. Gibbons would like, the letter concluded, to negotiate a significant contract for the purchase of military equipment.
Once again, the well-mannered count responded with alacrity. Based on his experience, he would be only too glad to recommend Mr. Gibbons and Gibbons’s distinguished firm to the Russian purchasing agents already in New York. To expedite the process, the count listed their names and addresses.
Playing the role of Mr. Gibbons, a successful American-born exporter, von Rintelen met with one of the Russian agents in the lobby of the man’s hotel. The Russian, an infantry captain, was not impressed. He barely had time for Mr. Gibbons, summarily announcing that all the necessary army purchases had already been consigned to other firms. Abruptly, he rose from his chair, prepared to escort Mr. Gibbons to the door.
Von Rintelen did not move. He remained seated, relaxed, even slouching a bit as if to emphasize that he was not intimidated. The Russian glowered. Von Rintelen returned his stare with an easy smile, and offhandedly noted that this decision would “sadden a very good friend.”
The Russian ignored this news. Instead, he said he was in a hurry. With an imperious wave of his hand, he summoned a bellboy to fetch his hat and coat.
Von Rintelen still did not budge. But now with a great casualness, as if it were the most uncalculated of remarks, he asked the captain if by any chance he happened to know his good friend Count Ignatieff, the military attaché. He said he would be most grateful if the next time the captain was in Paris, he could convey his warmest regards.
Now the captain hesitated, and von Rintelen pounced. He withdrew the count’s laudatory letter from his pocket with a proud flourish, and passed it on to the Russian.
It was as effective in its way as a
Kaiserpass
. The Russian had only to start reading the letter before he began apologizing profusely. Full of embarrassment, he said that it was quite possible that he’d been too hasty. Perhaps Mr. Gibbons would like to accompany him to his room, where they could discuss the possibility of a purchasing contract in depth.
“Amazing” was how von Rintelen, with customary modesty, described the twelve contracts that were subsequently negotiated and then signed by the imperial Russian embassy in Washington. The Gibbons firm was to provide saddles, tinned meat, bridles, mules, horses, field kitchens, boots, shoes, underwear, gloves, and small-arms ammunition.
It was a large and varied order that vastly exceeded Weiser’s legitimate manufacturing connections. The old man worried that the Gibbons company would be unable to obtain the items that had been ordered. But von Rintelen was not concerned. He never had any intention of delivering the supplies to the Russians.
Nevertheless, von Rintelen did not hesitate to take the contracts to his New York bank. With the agreements as collateral, he received a $3 million loan from the impressed bankers. He thanked them, and then deposited the funds in an account he’d opened under another alias at a different bank.
All in all, von Rintelen felt it had been a fairly successful scheme. He had diverted orders of Russian army supplies using a dysfunctional company, and at the same time he’d made $3 million. The goods weren’t to be delivered for another forty-five days, so he figured he had plenty of time before he would need to invent an excuse for the “unanticipated further delay.” His sincere regrets, he hoped, would buy another month or so.
This contrivance, however, threatened to fall apart when an officer from the Russian embassy telephoned to request an immediate conference. There was a new concern, he announced mysteriously. Mr. Gibbons apologized, but he was afraid a meeting would not be possible; he was very busy. The Russian insisted. Back and forth they went until von Rintelen, more out of curiosity than any desire to accommodate, wearily agreed that he would be available tomorrow morning.
Two huge Russians he had never met before arrived at his office precisely at the appointed time. It was imperative, they explained, that the contracts be fulfilled at once. They had been authorized to offer a substantial bonus for early delivery. To demonstrate the severity of the situation, they shared telegrams from the War Ministry. The supply shortages, the beseeching telegrams revealed, were dire. The Russian army was running out of bullets.
This was heartening news for von Rintelen. But he was also canny enough to understand that if the Russians couldn’t get what they needed from him, they would go to another purchasing agent. After all, money was not a problem; J. P. Morgan and his munificent loans had seen to that. And another agent might actually make sure that the goods arrived in Russia.
“What are the most important items?” he asked. His improvised plan was to suggest a compromise; or, more accurately, to let them think he was offering one.
The Russians held a hasty, whispered discussion, and then one spoke up. Tinned provisions and ammunition were essential, he stated. They were needed at once.
Gibbons promised to give them a definitive answer by that evening. And as soon as the Russians left, assisted by the resourceful Weiser, he went to work.
They telephoned brokers and, to both Weiser’s and von Rintelen’s astonishment, they were quickly able to obtain all the required tinned provisions and ammunition. Another miracle: the goods could be delivered to the docks the next day.
The Russians were ecstatic. They chartered a steamer that would leave without delay once the crucial goods were loaded.
But von Rintelen, of course, was not going to allow much-needed war matériel to reach the enemy. That night in the shadowy hold of the
Friedrich der Grosse
he gathered his sailors and dockhands and gave strict orders: he wanted no fewer than thirty of the cigar bombs carried on board along with the Russian supplies. Lay them in the wood shavings, he instructed. They’ll be more effective.
The fully loaded steamer headed out of New York Harbor, and, he recounted, “I waited for four days in a state of fever.” If the bombs didn’t ignite, if the crew managed to put out the fires, if any of a dozen too easily imaginable events occurred and the goods arrived in the port of Archangel, von Rintelen would not have been able to forgive himself. He’d have procured bullets for the Russian army that would be aimed at German troops. He worried that for once he had been too smart, his scheme too convoluted, its success contingent on too many factors beyond his control.
But on the fifth day he read in the
Shipping News
that the steamer had caught fire on the high seas. The blaze was so intense that the crew had to escape in lifeboats. They were rescued by a passing American merchant vessel, and from its deck they watched as their steamer disappeared beneath the waves.
The two Russians, pale and wringing their hands, soon appeared in Gibbons’s offices. Mr. Gibbons commiserated; he too was deeply upset. A tragic accident, he offered. But fear not, he went on. E. V. Gibbons, the count’s great friend, would not let them down. He would outfit another ship, no,
two
ships, with ammunition and tinned goods, services for which, naturally, he’d want an additional check and an additional bonus. And this time he would engage private detectives to ensure that there was no possibility of saboteurs sneaking on board.
Yet once again fires broke out at sea, and on both ships to boot. And once again the Russians were distraught. But it never occurred to them to suspect that their contractor had engineered the fires; after all, fires were occurring mysteriously on other ships, too.