Da Vinci's Ghost (31 page)

177
“By the ancients”: Kemp,
Leonardo
, 98–99. See also Jean Paul Richter,
The Notebooks
2, no. 929, 179.

177
“tortuously ponderous”: Letze and Buchsteiner,
Leonardo
, 18.

178
“This work should begin”: Clayton,
Leonardo
, 25. See also Jean Paul Richter,
The Notebooks
2, no. 797, 108–09.

179
other topics that he would have to cover: Jean Paul Richter,
The Notebooks
2, no. 805, 114.

179
“Represent whence catarrh”: O’Malley and Saunders,
Leonardo
, 31.

180
“You will have set before you”: Jean Paul Richter,
The Notebooks
2, no. 798, 111. Translation modified slightly, based on O’Malley and Saunders,
Leonardo
, 32.

182
some twenty different editions: Schaff,
St. Augustine’s
City of God, xiii.

182
Leonardo himself owned a copy: Reti, “The Two Unpublished Manuscripts,” no. 11, 81.

182
“This would be more apparent”: Augustine,
City of God
22.24, 1074.

183
“Driven by an ardent desire”: Bramly,
Leonardo
, 86. See also Jean Paul Richter,
The Notebooks
2, no. 1339, 395.

185
“The cavity of the orbit”: O’Malley and Saunders,
Leonardo
, 44.

186
“The parts pertaining to sensation”: Mundinus,
Anathomia
, in Singer,
The Fasciculo di Medicina
, 91.

186
“The soul seems to reside”: Jean Paul Richter,
The Notebooks
2, no. 838, 127.

188
“Now, cut carefully”: Mundinus,
Anathomia
, in Singer,
The Fasciculo di Medicina
, 91.

189
“Where the line
am
intersects”: O’Malley and Saunders,
Leonardo
, 52.

190
“Painting is philosophy”: Leonardo,
Treatise on Painting
1, no. 8, 5.

190
“the universal measure of man”: Jean Paul Richter,
The Notebooks
1, editor’s remarks, 167.

192
“From the top of the ear”: Ibid., no. 317, 173.

192
“The distance from the top”: Ibid., no. 310, 170.

192
“The smallest thickness”: Ibid., no. 348, 185.

192
“The foot”: Ibid., no. 325, 176.

192
“
yl
is the fleshy part”: Ibid., no. 349, 186.

193
On May 10, 1490: Pedretti,
Leonardo: Architect
, 35.

193
some 136 structures: Betts, “On the Chronology,” 14.

194
translating Vitruvius into Italian: Ibid., 13.

195
“The art of architecture”: Ibid., 4.

195
“Item for 21 June”: Beltrami,
Documenti
, no. 50, 32. Unpublished translation supplied to me by Richard Schofield, professor of architectural history, Istituto Universitario di Architettura, Venice.

196
“reconciling the sign”: Betts, “On the Chronology,” 4, 5.

196
he was also borrowing directly: Ibid., 5.

197
“all the arts”: Ibid.

199
“Vitruvius says that the navel”: Filarete,
Treatise
(trans. Spencer), 3
v
–4
r
, 8.

199
“can be decreased”: Millon, “The Architectural Theory,” 261.

200
to help write a final report: Schofield, “Amadeo, Bramante, and Leonardo,” 69.

200
time in Pavia for research: Nicholl,
Leonardo
, 269; and Bramly,
Leonardo
, 216.

200
he had dinner in the city: Jean Paul Richter,
The Notebooks
2, no. 1458, 438.

201
“many very famous and wise men”: Pacioli, preface to
De divina proportione
, in Taylor,
No Royal Road
, 256.

201
“There was also Giacomo Andrea”: Ibid., 257.

201
they quartered his body and displayed its pieces: Müntz,
Leonardo
, 101.

202
“Messer Vincenzo Aliprando”: Jean Paul Richter,
The Notebooks
2, no. 1501, 452.

202
“imperfect work”: Sgarbi, “A Newly Discovered Corpus,” 32.

202
–03 “The manuscript is the earliest”: Ibid., 31.

206
He used a variety of implements: For interesting detail on the construction of the drawing, see Landrus, “Leonardo’s Canons,” 55–61.

207
“Vitruvius, the architect”: Kemp,
Leonardo on Painting
, 309. See also Jean Paul Richter,
The Notebooks
1, no. 343, 182–83.

208
Only ten of the twenty-two measurements: See, for example, Jean Paul Richter,
The Notebooks
1, no. 340, 181, which includes several of the non-Vitruvian measurements that appear in the text that accompanies Leonardo’s drawing of Vitruvian Man.

209
“You who think”: Pedretti,
The Literary Works
2, 91.

210
“an act of radical philology”: Laurenza, “The
Vitruvian Man
,” 44.

212
“I have all measure in me”: Rykwert,
The Dancing Column
, 86. Translation slightly modified.

212
“Man, called a little world”: Kruft,
A History
, 57. Translation slightly modified.

212
“the center of nature”: Ficino,
Platonic Theology
3.2, in Gadol,
Leon Battista Alberti
, 232.

212
“From the human body derive”: Wittkower,
Architectural Principles
, 15.

212
“By the ancients”: Kemp,
Leonardo
, 98–99. See also Jean Paul Richter,
The Notebooks
2, no. 929, 179.

212
“Man is a model of the world”: Jean Paul Richter,
The Notebooks
2, no. 1162, 291. Translation slightly modified.

213
most notably Albrecht Dürer: See, for example, the studies of the leg that appear in Dürer’s
Dresden Sketchbook
(1517). In 1507, Dürer himself also produced some studies of Vitruvian Man (London, British Library, MA Sloane 5230, fol. 2), but they are rendered very differently from Leonardo’s.

213
“I beseech you”: Clark,
The Drawings of Leonardo da Vinci
, no. 19007, 5.

213
“He then tabulated”: Giovio, “The Life of Leonardo da Vinci,” in Goldscheider,
Leonardo
, 29.

213
he envisaged it as the frontispiece: Mariani, “Leonardo,” in Radke,
Leonardo
, 91.

214
“a key to define”: Dragstra, “The Vitruvian Proportions,” 83–84.

214
Luca Pacioli mentioned: Pacioli,
De divina proportione
, preface, in Taylor,
No Royal Road
, 257.

216
“Measure on yourself”: Leonardo,
Treatise on Painting
, no. 438, 162.

216
“There is one nowadays”: Kemp, “Leonardo da Vinci,” 199, in Farago,
An Overview
, 433.

219
a cursory description: The reference was made by the painter Giovanni Paolo Lomazzo, who, in surveying the contents of Leonardo’s notebooks, described the picture simply as “a demonstration in a figure of all the proportions of the members of the human body.” See Lomazzo,
Idea del tempio
1, 47.

219
The first copy: According to Pedretti,
The Literary Works
1, 244–45, the image was first printed in
Disegni di Leonardo da Vinci incisi e pubblicati
(1784) by Carlo Giuseppe Gerli.

224
“I cannot resist”: Cellini,
Discorso dell’ architettura
, in Nicholl,
Leonardo
, 487.

225
“With what words”: Pedretti,
The Literary Works
1, 84.

Ackerman, James S. “
Ars sine scientia nihil est:
Gothic Theory of Architecture at the Cathedral of Milan.”
Art Bulletin
31, no. 2 (June 1949), 84–111.

Alberti, Leon Battista.
On Painting
. Translated by Cecil Grayson. Introduction and notes by Martin Kemp. London and New York: Penguin Books, 2004.

———.
On Painting and On Sculpture
. Edited with translations, introduction, and notes by Cecil Grayson. London: Phaidon Press, 1972.

———.
On the Art of Building in Ten Books
. Translated by Joseph Rykwert, Neil Leach, and Robert Tavernor. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1988.

Augustine, Saint, Bishop of Hippo.
Concerning the City of God Against the Pagans
. Translated by Henry Bettenson, with a new introduction by G. R. Evans. London and New York: Penguin Books, 2003.

Augustus, Emperor of Rome.
Res gestae divi Augusti.
Introduction and commentary by P. A. Brunt and J. M. Moore. London: Oxford University Press, 1967.

Baldassarri, Stefano Ugo, and Arielle Saiber, eds.
Images of Quattrocento Florence: Selected Writings in Literature, History, and Art
. New Haven, Conn., and London: Yale University Press, 2000.

Barnes, Carl F., Jr.
The Portfolio of Villard de Honnecourt (Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale de France, MS Fr 19093): A New Critical Edition and Color Facsimile.
Farnham, England, and Burlington, Vt.: Ashgate, 2009.

Baxandall, Michael.
Words for Pictures: Seven Papers on Renaissance Art and Criticism.
New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2003.

Beltrami, Luca, ed.
Documenti e memorie riguardanti la vita e le opere di Leonardo da Vinci: In ordine cronologico.
Milan: Fratelli Treves, 1919.

Bernardus Sylvestris.
The
Cosmographia
of Bernardus Sylvestris
. Translated by Winthrop Wetherbee. New York: Columbia University Press, 1990.

Betts, Richard Johnson.
The Architectural Theories of Francesco di Giorgio,
vol. 1. Ann Arbor, Mich.: University Microfilms, 1972.

———. “On the Chronology of Francesco di Giorgio’s Treatises.”
Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians
36, no. 1 (March 1977): 3–14.

Bober, Harry. “The Zodiacal Miniature of the
Très Riches Heures:
Its Sources and Meaning.”
Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes
11 (1948): 1–34.

Bolgar, R. R.
The Classical Heritage and Its Beneficiaries
. London: Cambridge University Press, 1973.

Bramly, Serge.
Leonardo: Discovering the Life of Leonardo da Vinci
. Translated by Siân Reynolds. New York: Edward Burlingame Books, 1991.

Brehaut, Ernest.
An Encyclopedist of the Dark Ages: Isidore of Seville.
New York: Columbia University, 1912.

Campbell, J. B.
The Writings of the Roman Land Surveyors
. London: Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies, 2000.

Cassius Dio.
Roman History
. Translated by Earnest Cary on the basis of the version of Herbert Baldwin Foster. Loeb Classical Library: 2, 37, 63, 66, 82–83, 175–77. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1954–61.

Cennini, Cennino.
The Craftsman’s Handbook
. Translated by Daniel V. Thompson, Jr. New York: Dover Publications, 1933.

Chenu, Marie-Dominique.
Nature, Man, and Society in the Twelfth Century: Essays on New Theological Perspectives in the Latin West
. Selected, edited, and translated by Jerome Taylor and Lester K. Little. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1968.

Cicero.
On the Good Life: [Selected Writings of] Cicero
. Translated by Michael Grant. Harmondsworth, England: Penguin, 1971.

———.
The Treatises of M. T. Cicero
. Edited and translated by C. D. Yonge. London: H. G. Bohn, 1853.

Clark, Kenneth.
The Drawings of Leonardo da Vinci in the Collection of Her Majesty the Queen at Windsor Castle
. 3 vols. London: Phaidon, 1968.

Clayton, Martin.
Leonardo da Vinci: The Anatomy of Man: Drawings from the Collection of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II
. With commentaries on anatomy by Ron Philo. Houston: Museum of Fine Arts, and Boston: Bulfinch Press, 1992.

Dodwell, C. R.
The Pictorial Arts of the West, 800–1200
. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1993.

Dragstra, Rolf. “The Vitruvian Proportions for Leonardo’s Construction of the ‘Last Supper.’”
Raccolta Vinciana
no. 27 (1997): 83–104.

Dronke, Peter.
Women Writers of the Middle Ages: A Critical Study of Texts from Perpetua (d. 203) to Marguerite Porete (d. 1310).
Cambridge, England, and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1984.

Elmer, Peter, Nick Webb, and Roberta Wood.
The Renaissance in Europe: An Anthology
. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press in association with Open University, 2000.

Everitt, Anthony.
Augustus: The Life of Rome’s First Emperor
. New York: Random House, 2006.

Farago, Claire, ed.
An Overview of Leonardo’s Career and Projects until c. 1500.
New York: Garland, 1999.

Filarete.
Treatise on Architecture, Being the Treatise by Antonio di Piero Averlino, Known as Filarete
. Translated with an introduction and notes by John R. Spencer. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1965.

Gadol, Joan.
Leon Battista Alberti: Universal Man of the Early Renaissance
. London and Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1969.

Goldscheider, Ludwig.
Leonardo da Vinci: Life and Work, Paintings and Drawings, with the Leonardo Biography by Vasari
. London: Phaidon, 1959.

Grafton, Anthony.
Leon Battista Alberti: Master Builder of the Renaissance
. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2002.

Hildegard, Saint.
Hildegard of Bingen’s
Book of Divine Works, with Letters and Songs. Edited and introduced by Matthew Fox. Santa Fe, N.M.: Bear & Co., 1987.