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33.
JIC Assessment, ‘Iraq: The Initial Landscape Post-Saddam', 16 April 2003,
http://www.iraqinquiry.org.uk/media/50479/JICAssessment-16April2003-KeyjudgementsI-IIIandV-VII.pdf
.

34.
French, David,
The British Way in Counter-Insurgency, 1945–1967
, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011, p. 47.

35.
French,
The British Way in Counter-Insurgency
, p. 73.

36.
Mawby, Spencer, ‘Orientalism and the failure of British policy in the Middle East',
History
, 95/319 pp. 341–2.

37.
Heuer,
Psychology of Intelligence Analysis
, pp. 180–1.

38.
Herman, Michael,
Intelligence Power in Peace and War
, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996, p. 257; Hennessy, Peter,
The Secret State: Whitehall and the Cold War
, London: Penguin, 2003, p. 12.

39.
‘Transcript of Sir Gus O'Donnell Hearing', Oral Evidence to the Iraq Inquiry, 28 January 2011,
http://www.iraqinquiry.org.uk/media/51849/20110202-odonnell-final.pdf
, pp. 67–8.

40.
‘Transcript of Sir David Omand Hearing', Oral Evidence to the Iraq Inquiry, 20 January 2010,
http://www.iraqinquiry.org.uk/media/44187/20100120pm-omand-final.pdf
, p. 17; JIC Assessment, ‘International Terrorism: Impact of Iraq', 13 April 2005,
http://www.iraqinquiry.org.uk/media/52036/2005–04–13-JIC-assessment.pdf
.

41.
Treverton, Gregory,
Reshaping National Intelligence for an Age of Information
, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003, pp. 212–3.

42.
Treverton,
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, p. 213.

43.
Crick, Alan, ‘Notes for Talk—A Career in Intelligence;, 25th October 1984, Ashford Intelligence Corps Centre, Notes for Talks on Intelligence, 1958 and 1984', Alan Crick Papers, Intelligence 1950s, GB99 KCLMA Crick, Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives, King's College London.

44.
‘Supporting the National Security Council: The Central National Security and Intelligence Machinery', Cabinet Office (October 2011) accessed at
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.

45.
Cabinet Office,
National Intelligence Machinery: Annex A: UK Government Intelligence: Its Nature, Collection, Assessment, and Use
, (2010)
http://www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/sites/default/files/nim-november2010.pdf
, pp. 24–5; Cabinet Office,
Review on Intelligence of Weapons of Mass Destruction: Implementation of its Conclusions
, London: Crown, 2005, p. 9.

46.
Lord Butler,
Review of Intelligence on Weapons of Mass Destruction Report
, London: The Stationery Office, p. 13.

47.
Cradock, Percy,
Know Your Enemy: How the Joint Intelligence Committee Saw the World
, London: John Murray, 2002, p. 295.

48.
Crick, Alan, ‘Notes for Talk—A Career in Intelligence;, 25th October 1984, Ashford Intelligence Corps Centre, Notes for Talks on Intelligence, 1958 and 1984', Alan Crick Papers, Intelligence 1950s, GB99 KCLMA Crick, Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives, King's College London.

49.
Assessments Staff member quoted in Herman, Michael,
Intelligence Services in the Information Age
, London: Frank Cass, 2002, pp. 118–99.

50.
Butler,
Review of Intelligence
, p. 114.

51.
‘Intelligence: Survey of Bodies Concerned with Intelligence in Aden, the Protectorate, and the Yemen', High Commissioner's Office, Aden, 5 November 1963, MSS.Brit.Emp.s367,6/1, ‘The Threat to Aden', Rhodes House, Oxford.

52.
Michaels, Jeffrey, ‘Agents for stability or chaos?: Conceptualizing intelligence “relevance” in counterinsurgency',
Studies in Conflict and Terrorism
, 34/3, (2011), p. 222.

53.
The Joint Committee on the National Security Strategy, ‘First Review of the National Security Strategy 2010', 8 March 2012,
http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/jt201012/jtselect/jtnatsec/265/26506.htm#a18
, last accessed March 2012.

54.
The Joint Committee on the National Security Strategy, ‘First Review of the National Security Strategy 2010', 8 March 2012,
http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/jt201012/jtselect/jtnatsec/265/26506.htm#a18
, last accessed March 2012.

55.
Sir Peter Ricketts, ‘Libya Crisis: National Security Adviser's Review of Central Co-ordination and Lessons Learned', 30 November 2011, p. 7,
http://www.number10.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/Lessons-Learned-30-Nov.pdf
, last accessed April 2012.

56.
Cabinet Office,
Securing Britain in an Age of Uncertainty: The Strategic Defence and Security Review
, London: The Stationery Office, 2010, pp. 11, 67.

57.
Herman,
Intelligence Services in the Information Age
, p. 95.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Archival Sources
The Churchill Archives Centre, Cambridge

AMEJ 1/6 Julian Amery Papers, Air Ministry and Ministry of Aviation, 1960–1967.

DSND 8 Duncan Sandys Papers, Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations and the Colonies, 1960–1965.

The India Office Records, London

IOR/R/20 Records of the British Administration in Aden, 1839–1967.

Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives, King's College London

GB99 KCLMA Crick, Alan Crick Papers.

GB99 KCLMA Johnston C H, Charles Johnston Papers.

The Middle East Centre Archives, St Antony's College, Oxford

GB165–0327 The John Graham Collection, 1970–1972.

The National Archives, London
Cabinet Office Files

CAB 21 Cabinet Office and Predecessors, Registered Files, 1916–1953.

CAB 80 War Cabinet and Cabinet: Chiefs of Staff Committee: Memoranda, 1939–1946.

CAB 129 Cabinet Memoranda, 1945–1978.

CAB 130 Miscellaneous Committees Minutes and Papers, 1945–1980. CAB 134 Miscellaneous Committees Minutes and Papers, 1945–1982.

CAB 148 Defence and Oversea Policy Committee and Subcommittee Minutes and Memoranda, 1964–1980.

CAB 158 Joint Intelligence Committee Memoranda, 1947–1968.

CAB 159 Joint Intelligence Committee Minutes, 1947–1968.

CAB 163 Joint Intelligence Committee Secretariat files, 1939–1980.

CAB 164 Cabinet Office: Subject (Theme Series) files, 1963–1986.

CAB 165 Cabinet Office: Committees (C Series) files, 1965–1980.

CAB 176 Joint Intelligence Committee Secretariat files, 1942–1957.

CAB 179 Joint Intelligence Committee Weekly Reviews and Surveys, 1956–1966.

CAB 182 Joint Intelligence Committee Sub-Committee, Working Parties etc. Minutes, Memoranda, Papers, 1957–1979.

CAB 185 Joint Intelligence Committee (A), later Joint Intelligence Committee, Minutes, 1969–1980.

CAB 186 Joint Intelligence Committee (A), later Joint Intelligence Committee, Memoranda, 1969–1980.

CAB 191 Overseas Joint Intelligence Groups, 1947–1974.
Colonial Office Files

CO 537 Confidential General and Confidential Original Correspondence, 1759–1955.

CO 717 Federated Malay States Original Correspondence, 1920–1951.

CO 926 Mediterranean Department, Predecessor and Successors, Registered Files, 1938–1966.

CO 1035 Intelligence and Security Department files, 1954–1965.
Foreign (and Commonwealth) Office Files

FCO 8 Arabian Department and Middle East Department: Registered Files, 1967–1980.

FO 371 Political Departments: General Correspondence, 1906–1966.

FO 1110 Information Research Department: General Correspondence (PR and IR Series), 1948–1967.

Ministry of Defence Files

DEFE 4 Chiefs of Staff Committee Minutes, 1947–1978.

DEFE 5 Chiefs of Staff Committee Memoranda, 1947–1977.

DEFE 6 Chiefs of Staff Committee: Reports by the Joint Planning Staff and its Successors, 1947–1968.

DEFE 11 Chiefs of Staff Committee Registered files, 1946–1983.

DEFE 13 Ministry of Defence: Private Office: Registered Files, 1950–2007. DEFE 24 Ministry of Defence: Defence Secretariat Branches and their Predecessors: Registered File, 1952–1008.

DEFE 28 Ministry of Defence: Directorate of Forward Plans: Registered Files, 1939–1969.

Prime Minister's Office Files

PREM 11 Correspondence and Papers, 1944–1964.

PREM 13 Correspondence and Papers, 1964–1970.

Security Service Files

KV 3 Security Service (Subject Files), 1905–1978.

KV 4 Security Service (Policy Files), 1909–1963.

War Office Files

WO 216 Office of the Chief of the Imperial General Staff: Papers, 1935–1964.

Rhodes House, Oxford
Kennedy Trevaskis Papers

6/1, The Threat from Yemen.

Box 2(B): Files 6–8, Diaries 1962–1964.

Official Publications

Butler, Lord,
Review of Intelligence on Weapons of Mass Destruction Report
, London: The Stationery Office, 2004.

Cabinet Office,
A Strong Britain in an Age of Uncertainty: The National Security Strategy
, London: Crown, 2010.

———
Notes on Central Intelligence Machinery Division of Cabinet Office Records and other Intelligence-Related Cabinet Office Records
, London: Crown, 2010.

———
National Intelligence Machinery
, London: Crown, 2010.

———
National Intelligence Machinery
, (November 2010),
http://www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/sites/default/files/nim-november2010.pdf
, last accessed June 2011.

———
Review on Intelligence of Weapons of Mass Destruction: Implementation of its Conclusions
, London: Crown, 2005.

———
Securing Britain in an Age of Uncertainty: The Strategic Defence and Security Review
, London: The Stationery Office, 2010.

——— ‘Joint Intelligence Committee: Terms of Reference',
www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/content/joint-intelligence-committee-terms-reference
, last accessed May 2011.

——— ‘Supporting the National Security Council: The Central National Security and Intelligence Machinery', October 2011,
http://www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/resource-library/nscrecommendations
.

——— ‘Supporting the National Security Council: The Central National Security and Intelligence Machinery',
Cabinet Office
, (October 2011),
http://www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/resource-library/nscrecommendations
, last accessed October 2011.

Intelligence and Security Committee, ISC annual report, 2011–2012, London: Crown, 2012.

The Joint Committee on the National Security Strategy, First review of the National Security Strategy 2010, 2011,
http://www.parliament.uk/documents/joint-committees/national-security-strategy/nsscollatedevidencefinal.pdf
.

Memoirs

Arkless, D.,
The Secret War: Dhofar 1971–1972
, London: William Kimber, 1988.

Attlee, C.,
As It Happened
, London: William Heinemann, 1954.

Burrows, B.,
Diplomat in a Changing World
, Durham: The Memoir Club, 2001. Greenhill, D.,
More By Accident
, York: Wilton, 1992.

Griffiths, J.,
Pages from Memory
, London: J.M. Dent and Sons, 1969.

Hayter, W.,
A Double Life
, London: Hamish Hamilton, 1974.

Healey, D.,
The Time of my Life
, London: Penguin, 1989.

Herman, M., ‘Up from the country: Cabinet Office impressions, 1972–1975',
Contemporary British History
, 11/1, (1997) pp. 83–97.

Jeapes, T.,
SAS: Secret War
, London: HarperCollins, 2000.

Jones, R.V.,
Most Secret War
, London: Hamish Hamilton, 1978.

Macmillan, H.,
Riding the Storm, 1956–1959
, London: Macmillan, 1971.

———
Tides of Fortune, 1945–1955
, London: Macmillan, 1969.

Stewart, B.,
Scrapbook of a Roving Highlander: 80 Years Around Asia and Back
, Newark: Acorn, 2002.

Strong, K.,
Intelligence at the Top: The Recollections of an Intelligence Officer
, London: Cassell and Co., 1968.

Secondary Literature
Books

Aldrich, R.,
GCHQ: The Uncensored Story of Britain's Most Secret Intelligence Agency
, London: Harper Press, 2010.

——— ‘Secret intelligence for a post-war world: reshaping the British intelligence community, 1944–1951', in Aldrich, R. (ed.),
British Intelligence, Strategy, and the Cold War, 1945–51
, London: Routledge, 2002.

———
The Hidden Hand: Britain, America and Cold War Secret Intelligence
, London: John Murray, 2001.

——— (ed.),
Espionage, Security and Intelligence in Britain, 1945–1970: Documents
in Contemporary History
, Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1998.

——— Rawnsley, G. and Rawnsley, M. (eds.),
The Clandestine Cold War in Asia, 1945–65
, London: Frank Cass, 2000.

Aldous, R. and Lee, S. (eds.),
Harold Macmillan and Britain's World Role
, Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1996.

Allen, C. and Rigsbee, W.,
Oman under Qaboos: From Coup to Constitution, 1970–1996
, London: Frank Cass, 2000.

Allison, G. and Zelikow, P.,
Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis
, 2nd edn., New York: Longman, 1999.

BOOK: Confronting the Colonies
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