Conceived in Liberty (2 page)

3.   Guerrilla or Conventional War

4.   The Seizure of Fort Ticonderoga

5.   The Response of the Continental Congress

6.   Charles Lee: Champion of Liberty and Guerrilla War

7.   The Battle of Bunker Hill

8.   Washington Transforms the Army

9.   The Invasion of Canada

10.   Paper Money Financing

11.   The New Postal System

12.   New York Fumbles in the Crisis

PART II
Suppressing the Tories

13.   The Suppression of Tories Begins

14.   Suppressing Tories in Rhode Island

15.   Suppressing Tories in New York

16.   Suppressing Tories in the Middle Colonies

17.   Virginia Battles Lord Dunmore

18.   Battling Tories in the South

PART III
The War in the First Half of 1776

19.   The British Assault on Charleston

20.   Forcing the British Out of Boston

21.   Privateering and the War at Sea

22.   Commodities, Manufacturing, and Foreign Trade

23.   Getting Aid from France

24.   Polarization in England and the German Response to Renting “Hessians”

PART IV
America Declares Independence

25.   America Polarizes

26.   Forming New Governments: New Hampshire

27.   New England Ready for Independence

28.   The Sudden Emergence of Tom Paine

29.   Massachusetts Turns Conservative

30.   The Drive Toward Independence

31.   The Struggle in Pennsylvania and Delaware

32.   New Jersey and Maryland Follow

33.   Independence Declared

34.   New York Succumbs to Independence

PART V
The Military History of the Revolution, 1776–1778

35.   The Invasion of New York

36.   The Campaigns in New Jersey

37.   Planning in the Winter of 1777

38.   Rebellion at Livingston Manor

39.   The Burgoyne Disaster

40.   Howe’s Expedition in Pennsylvania

41.   Winter at Valley Forge

42.   The Battle of Monmouth and the Ouster of Lee

43.   Response in Britain and France

PART VI
The Political History of the United States, 1776–1778

44.   The Drive for Confederation

45.   The Articles of Confederation

46.   Radicalism Triumphs in Pennsylvania

47.   Struggles Over Other State Governments

48.   The Rise and Decline of Conservatism in New York

PART VII
The Military History of the Revolution, 1778–1781

49.   The End of the War in the North

50.   The War at Sea

51.   The War in the West

52. The Southern Strategy

53.   The Invasion of Georgia

54.   The Capture of Charleston

55.   The Emergence of Guerrilla Warfare in South Carolina

56.   Gates Meets the Enemy

57.   The Battle of King’s Mountain

58.   Greene’s Unorthodox Strategy

59.   The Race to the Dan

60.   The Battle of Guilford Courthouse

61.   The Liberation of South Carolina

62.   The Final Battle

63.   After Yorktown in the West

64.   The Response in Britain

65.   Making Peace

PART VIII
The Political and Economic History of the United States, 1778–1784

66.   Land Claims and the Ratification of the Articles of Confederation

67.   Inflationary Finance and Price Controls

68.   Conservative Counter-Revolution: Massachusetts and Pennsylvania in 1780

69.   Robert Morris and the Conservative Counter-Revolution in National Politics, 1780–1782

70.   Robert Morris and the Public Debt

71.   The Drive for a Federal Tariff

72.   The Newburgh Conspiracy

73.   The Fall of Morris and the Emergence of the Order of the Cincinnati

74.   The Western Lands and the Ordinance of 1784

75.   The Republic of Vermont

PART IX
The Impact of the Revolution

76.   Oppressing the Tories

77.   Tory Lands in New York

78.   Elimination of Feudalism and the Beginnings of the Abolition of Slavery

79.   Disestablishment and Religious Freedom

80.   Was the American Revolution Radical?

81.   The Impact in Europe

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY

INDEX

Copyright © 1999 by the Ludwig von Mises Institute, 518 West Magnolia Avenue, Auburn, Alabama 36832-4528. The first edition was published in 1975 by Arlington House, Publishers.

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ISBN: 0-945466-26-9

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Whenever the legislators endeavour to take away and destroy the property of the people, or to reduce them to slavery under arbitrary power, they put themselves into a state of war with the people, who are thereupon absolved from any farther obedience, and are left to the common refuge which God hath provided for all men against force and violence.

John Locke

PREFACE

PART I Europe, England, and the New World

1. Europe at the Dawn of the Modern Era

2. New World, New Land

PART II The Southern Colonies in the Seventeenth Century

3. The Virginia Company

4. From Company to Royal Colony

5. The Social Structure of Virginia: Planters and Farmers

6. The Social Structure of Virginia: Bondservants and Slaves

7. Religion in Virginia

8. The Royal Government of Virginia

9. British Mercantilism over Virginia

10. Relations with the Indians

11. Bacon’s Rebellion

12. Maryland

13. The Carolinas

14. The Aftermath of Bacon’s Rebellion in the Other Southern Colonies

15. The Glorious Revolution and its Aftermath

16. Virginia After Bacon’s Rebellion

PART III The Founding of New England

17. The Religious Factor

18. The Founding of Plymouth Colony

19. The Founding of Massachusetts Bay

20. The Puritans “Purify”: Theocracy in Massachusetts

21. Suppressing Heresy: The Flight of Roger Williams

22. Suppressing Heresy: The Flight of Anne Hutchinson

23. The Further Settlement of Rhode Island: The Odyssey of Samuell Gorton

24. Rhode Island in the 1650s: Roger Williams’ Shift from Liberty

25. The Planting of Connecticut

26. The Seizure of Northern New England

27. Joint Action in New England: The Pequot War

28. The New England Confederation

29. Suppressing Heresy: Massachusetts Persecutes the Quakers

30. Economics Begins to Dissolve the Theocracy: Disintegration of the Fur Monopoly

31. Economics Begins to Dissolve the Theocracy: The Failure of Wage and Price Control

32. Mercantilism, Merchants, and “Class Conflict”

33. Economics Begins to Dissolve the Theocracy. The Failure of Subsidized Production

34. The Rise of the Fisheries and the Merchants

35. Theocracy Begins to Wither: The Half-Way Covenant

36. The Decline and the Rigors of Plymouth

37. The Restoration Crisis in New England

PART IV The Rise and Fall of New Netherland

38. The Formation of New Netherland

39. Governors and Government

40. The Dutch and New Sweden

41. New Netherland Persecutes the Quakers

42. The Fall and Breakup of New Netherland

PART V The Northern Colonies in the Last Quarter of the Seventeenth Century

43. The Northern Colonies, 1666-1675

44. The Beginning of Andros’ Rule in New York

45. Further Decline of the Massachusetts Theocracy

46. King Philip’s War

47. The Crown Begins the Takeover of New England, 1676-1679

48. The Crown Takes over New Hampshire, 1680-1685

49. Edward Randolph Versus Massachusetts, 1680-1684

50. The Reopening of the Narragansett Claims, 1679-1683

51. The Rule of Joseph Dudley and the Council of New England

52. New York, 1676-1686

53. Turmoil in East New Jersey, 1678-1686

54. The Development of West New Jersey

55. “The Holy Experiment”: The Founding of Pennsylvania, 1681-1690

56. The Dominion of New England

57. The Glorious Revolution in the Northern Colonies, 1689-1690

58. The Glorious Revolution in the Northern Colonies, 1690-1692

59. Aftermath in the 1690s: The Salem Witch-Hunt and Stoughton’s Rise to Power

60. The Liberalism of Lord Bellomont in the Royal Colonies

61. The Aftermath of Bellomont

62. Rhode Island and Connecticut After the Glorious Revolution

63. The Unification of the Jerseys

64. Government Returns to Pennsylvania

65. The Colonies in the First Decade of the Eighteenth Century

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY

INDEX

What! Another American history book? The reader may be pardoned for wondering about the point of another addition to the seemingly inexhaustible flow of books and texts on American history. One problem, as pointed out in the bibliographical essay at the end of this volume, is that the survey studies of American history have squeezed out the actual stuff of history, the narrative facts of the important events of the past. With the true data of history squeezed out, what we have left are compressed summaries and the historian’s interpretations and judgments of the data. There is nothing wrong with the historian’s having such judgments; indeed, without them, history would be a meaningless and giant almanac listing dates and events with no causal links. But, without the narrative facts, the reader is deprived of the data from which he can himself judge the historian’s interpretations and evolve interpretations of his own. A major point of this and succeeding volumes is to put back the historical narrative into American history.