Colour Bar (53 page)
Authors: Susan Williams
19. Seretse returns to Serowe to a rapturous welcome in October 1956, as joyful crowds surge round him crying
Pula
! â âRain!'.
20. âThe New Africa'. Dr Hastings Banda of Nyasaland (Malawi) is released from prison by Harold Macmillan in 1960, as British colonies throughout Africa demand their independence.
21. Campaigning in Bechuanaland, 1965. Seretse Khama's political party won an overwhelming victory, making him President of newly independent Botswana the following year.
22. Seretse and Ruth Khama, Botswana. âI thank God,' said Ruth, âthat I picked Seretse to be my man for life.'
ANC | African National Congress |
BCA | Balliol College Archive |
BECM | British Empire and Commonwealth Museum |
BLCAS | Bodleian Library of Commonwealth and African Studies |
BNARS | Botswana National Archives and Records Services |
BP | Bechuanaland Protectorate |
CAN:CER | Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (Canada) |
CHUR | Churchill Archives Centre |
CRO | Commonwealth Relations Office |
CROUW | Central Records Office, University of the Witwatersrand |
DUL | Durham University Library, Archives and Special Collections |
HCO | High Commissioner's Office |
HCT | High Commission Territory |
ICwS | Institute of Commonwealth Studies, Archives and Special Collections |
KIII | Khama III Memorial Museum |
LHASC | Labour History Archive and Study Centre, People's History Museum |
NAC | National Archives of Canada |
NARA | National Archives and Records Administration of the USA RG Record Group |
NASA | National Archives of South Africa |
OIOC | Oriental and India Office Collections, British Library |
RA | Royal Archives, Windsor Castle |
SADCC | Southern African Development Coordination Conference |
SADC | Southern African Development Community, Secretariat Library |
SOAS | School of Oriental and African Studies, Archives and Manuscripts |
SUL (UK) | Sussex University Library Special Collections |
SUL (US) | Syracuse University Library, Special Collections Research Center |
TNA:PRO | The National Archives of the UK: Public Record Office |
WASU | West African Students Union |
WCLUW | William Cullen Library, University of the Witwatersrand |
1 FROM AFRICA TO WARTORN BRITAIN
1.
Margaret Bourke-White to Bill, n.d., SUL (US), MB-W, Box 25.
2.
Speech by Sir Seretse Khama at State Banquet, Blantyre, first anniversary of the Republic of Malawi, 5 July 1967, BECM.
3.
Sampson,
Mandela
, pp. 21â5; Mandela,
Long Walk to Freedom
, p. 44.
4.
Parsons, Henderson and Tlou,
Seretse Khama
, p. 59.
5.
Mandela to Masire, n.d. [July 1980], ANC, Oliver Tambo Papers.
6.
Nkomo,
The Story of My Life
, p. 35.
7.
Parsons, Henderson and Tlou,
Seretse Khama
, p. 59.
8.
Sampson,
Mandela
, pp. 34â5.
9.
Mandela,
Long Walk to Freedom
, pp. 105â6.
10.
Information provided by Anna Sander, Lonsdale Curator of Archives and Manuscripts, Balliol College, Oxford.
11.
Coupland to Buchanan, 25 October 1945, BNARS, S 169/15/1.
12.
Keith, âAfrican Students in Great Britain,' pp. 65â6; Kirk-Greene, âDoubly Elite', in Killingray (ed.),
Africans in Britain
, pp. 221â2.
13.
Speech by Sir Seretse Khama at State Banquet, Blantyre, first anniversary of the Republic of Malawi, 5 July 1967, BECM.
14.
Comment by Lancelot Gama, quoted in Callinicos,
Oliver Tambo
, pp. 108â9.
15.
Muriel Sanderson to author, 28 July 2003.
16.
Abrams,
The Population of Great Britain
, p. 21; Flint, âScandal at the Bristol Hotel', p. 75; Banton,
The Coloured Quarter
, pp. 66â8. Banton asserts the impossibility of knowing either the total number of âcoloured' people in Britain at the time, or how they were distributed through the country; the figure given here is therefore an estimate, based on figures estimated by Flint and by Banton.
17.
Political and Economic Planning,
Colonial Students in Britain
, pp. 85â6.
18.
Constantine,
Colour Bar
, pp. 25â6.
19.
Picture Post
, 2 July 1949.
20.
Flint, âScandal at the Bristol Hotel', pp. 77â8.
21.
ibid., p. 76.
22.
Caryl Phillips, âTo Ricky with love',
Guardian Review
, 23 July 2005.
23.
Morton and Ramsay,
Birth of Botswana
, pp. 102â9; Robins,
White Queen in Africa
, p. 21.
24.
Bent,
Ten Thousand Men of Africa
, p. 99.
25.
Muriel Sanderson to author, 28 July 2003.
26.
Adi,
West Africans in Britain
, pp. 137â8; Anderson,
Histories of the Hanged
, pp. 36â7.
27.
Gabolebye Dinti Marobele to Head, in Head,
Serowe
, pp. 97â8.
28.
Zweiniger-Bargielowska,
Austerity in Britain
, pp. 214â15.
29.
Seretse to Tshekedi, 5 December 1945, BNARS, S 169/15/1.
30.
Parsons, Henderson and Tlou,
Seretse Khama
, p. 65.
31.
ibid., p. 47.
32.
Speech by Sir Seretse Khama at State Banquet, Blantyre, first anniversary of the Republic of Malawi, 5 July 1967, BECM.
33.
J. E. C. Hill to Seretse Khama, 27 February 1976, BCA, dossier Khama S. (1945).
34.
Lord Lindsay of Birker to A. Sillery, 3 May 1948, BCA, dossier Khama S. (1945).
35.
Admission records for Seretse Khama, 1945â6, Inner Temple Archives.
36.
Seretse to Tshekedi, 14 June 1946, BNARS, S 169/15/1.
37.
Pilkington to Chirgwin, 15 July 1946, SOAS, CWM/LMS, AF/37.
38.
Coupland to Buchanan, 25 July 1946, BNARS, S 169/15/1.
39.
A. D. Lindsay, Master, Handshaking Notes on Seretse Khama, Hilary Term, 1947, BCA, Studies & Discipline 8.
40.
Charles Njonjo to author, 12 March 2004.
41.
Hon. Gladstone Mills, Foreword to Braithwaite,
Colonial West Indian Students in Britain
, p. viii.
42.
Charles Njonjo to author, 12 March 2004.
43.
ibid., 6 January 2005.
44.
Stonehouse,
Prohibited Immigrant
, p. 14.
45.
Speech by Dr Kamuzu Banda at State Banquet, Blantyre, first anniversary of the Republic of Malawi, 5 July 1967, BECM.
46.
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
: Harry Nkumbula.
47.
The Hon. Gerard Noel to author, 11 July 2005.
48.
Keith, âAfrican Students in Great Britain,' pp. 65â6.
49.
The Times
, 14 July 1990.
50.
Appiah,
Joe Appiah: The Autobiography of an African Patriot
, p. 150.
51.
C. L. R. James, âAfricans and Afro-Caribbeans: A Personal View (1984)' in Procter (ed.),
Writing Black Britain
, pp. 61â2.
52.
Keith, âAfrican Students in Great Britain,' p. 70.
53.
Murray-Brown,
Kenyatta
, p. 218.
54.
Olusanya,
The West African Students' Union
, p. 107.
55.
Quoted in Adi,
West Africans in Britain
, p. 120.
56.
Nwauwa,
Imperialism, Academe and Nationalism
, p. 171.
57.
Hansard
, 21 February 1946.
58.
Padmore,
History of the Pan-African Congress
, 2nd edn, p. i.
59.
Padmore,
Colonial⦠and Coloured Unity
, p. 29.
60.
Quoted in Murray-Brown,
Kenyatta
, p. 220.
61.
Quoted in Adi,
West Africans in Britain
, p. 128.
62.
The Autobiography of Kwame Nkrumah
, p. 47.
1.
Charles Njonjo to author, 12 March 2004.
2.
Muriel Sanderson to author, 17 November 2004.
3.
Sunday Dispatch
, 2 April 1950.
4.
Ebony
, June 1951.
5.
Braithwaite, Colonial West Indian Students in Britain
, pp. 209â21.