Claudette Colvin (24 page)

Eisenhower, Dwight D.,
83

Emanuel, James,
26

Evans, Dale,
17
–18

First Baptist Church,
4
,
44
,
99

Gadson, Mary Jane (Claudette's birth mother),
10
,
11
,
42
,
60
,
63
,
89

Gadson, Thomas,
10

Gayle, W. A. “Tacky,”
39
,
65
,
71
,
80
,
82
,
88
,
91
–92,
94
,
95

George Washington Carver High School,
21

Gilmore, Georgia,
95

Graetz, Robert S.,
69
,
94
,
98

Grand Ole Opry
(radio show),
16

Gray, Fred,
42
–43,
43
,
48
,
59
,
93
,
101
,
113

Claudette represented by,
40
,
43
–45,
49

indictment as boycott leader of,
81
,
82

King defended by,
94

in lawsuit against city of Montgomery,
71
–74,
79
,
80
,
82
–86,
86
,
88

Parks and,
43
,
55
,
58

white boycott supporters and,
69

H. L. Green's five-and-ten-cent store,
88

hair texture, attitudes toward,
20
,
22
,
26
–27,
50
–51,
53

Hamilton, Mrs.,
31

Harvey, Fred,
50
–51,
60

Hawthorne, Nathaniel,
25

Headley, Paul,
44

Henderson, Donald,
26

Henderson, James,
79

Henderson, Vicki,
26

Henry, Patrick,
25

Highlander Folk School,
55

Hill, Bernice,
43
,
73

Hill, Wiley, Jr.,
44
–45

Holt Street Baptist Church,
61
,
64
,
65
,
92

Hughes, Langston,
3

Hutchinson Street Baptist Church,
48
,
51
,
98

J. J. Newberry's department store,
16

James, A. C.,
86
,
89

Jet
magazine,
80

Jim Crow segregation,
3
–4,
4
–
6
,
6
,
16
,
17
,
43
,
55
,
72
,
107

on buses,
6
–9,
28
,
39
,
54
,
85
,
95

in schools, Supreme Court decision on,
see Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

Johnson, Edwina,
8

Johnson, Frank M., Jr.,
77
,
83
,
91
,
92
,
93
,
120
n

Johnson, Geneva,
8

Johnson, H. H.,
12
,
14
,
74
–75,
89
,
93

after Claudette's arrest,
34
,
35
,
39
–40

indictment as boycott leader of,
82

at mass meeting,
74

Johnson, Margaret,
30

Johnson, Marshall,
8

Jordan, Rosa,
97

Judge, The
(Sikora),
96
,
120
n

“Jump Jim Crow” (song),
4

King, Martin Luther, Jr.,
1
,
8
,
61
,
61
,
63
,
79
,
80
–81

arrest of,
71

bombing of home of,
71
,
80
,
98

Browder v. Gayle
trial and,
83
–87

after Claudette's arrest,
40
–41

Claudette's conversation with,
99

elected president of Montgomery Improvement Association,
62
,
66

on first integrated bus,
95
–96,
96

indictment and trial as boycott leader of,
81
,
81
,
94
–95

at mass meetings,
61
,
62
,
65
,
69
,
71
,
74

in meetings with city and bus company officials,
54
–55

on Reeves case,
23
,
115
–16
n

King Hill Recreation Center,
18

Knabe, Walter,
84
–88,
120
n

Korean War,
53

Kress's five-and-ten,
17

Ku Klux Klan (KKK),
34
,
74
,
98

Langford, Charles,
88

Larkin, Annie,
see
Price, Annie Larkin

Lawrence, Josie,
26
–27,
58

Lightning Route trolley line,
7

Lincoln, Abraham,
13
,
83

Lincoln-Douglas debates,
26

lynchings,
53

Lynne, Seybourn,
83
,
91

Magna Carta,
25

Makeba, Awele,
101

Malcolm X,
29

Mama Sweetie,
13
,
14
,
79
,
89
,
93

McDonald, Susie,
84

McDougall, Curtiss,
49

McNear, C. J.,
40
,
89

Mr. Comedian
(radio show),
16

Mobile, segregated buses in,
7

Montgomery Advertiser
,
47
,
58
,
69
,
78
,
79
,
91
,
96
,
98
,
103

Montgomery Circuit Court,
49

Montgomery City Council,
80

Montgomery City Lines,
8
–9,
39
,
42
,
62
,
65
,
69

arrests of black passengers of,
29
–32,
33
,
39
–40,
43
–45,
53
–55

boycott of,
see
bus boycott

integration of,
96
–98,
106

lawsuit challenging segregation of,
see Browder v. Gayle

meetings between black leaders, city
officials, and representatives of,
38
–39,
54
–55

Montgomery Fair department store,
43

Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA),
62
,
66
–67,
70
,
72
,
73
,
81
,
94
,
95

Montgomery Juvenile Court,
44

Morgan, Juliette,
69

Nashville, segregated buses in,
7

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP),
27
,
43
,
59
,
72
,
94

funds raised for Claudette's appeal by,
48
–49

Reeves case and,
23
,
24

youth group of,
41
–42,
51
–52,
61

Negro History Week,
9
,
27
,
30

Nesbitt, Geraldine,
25
–26,
26
,
50
,
58
,
75

after Claudette's arrest,
40

education of,
25
,
38

Negro History Week taught by,
27
,
30

Nixon, E. D.,
41
,
41
,
48
,
53
,
56
,
59
,
74

attack on home of,
71

after Claudette's arrest,
40
,
43

indictment as boycott leader of,
81
,
82

on King's speeches,
65

in meetings with city and bus company officials,
54

after Parks's arrest,
58

Parks, Rosa,
41
,
42
,
48
,
49
,
53
,
56
,
93
,
102
–5

appeal of conviction of,
73

arrest of,
58
–59,
61
,
62

Gray and,
43
,
55
,
58

indictment as boycott leader of,
81
,
82

NAACP youth group led by,
41
–42,
51
–52,
61

Parks, Sylvester,
42

Pine Level (Alabama),
11
–15,
42
,
79
,
93

Plessy v. Ferguson
(1896),
71
,
91
,
92

Poe, Edgar Allan,
25

polio,
18
–19

Price, Annie Larkin,
44
,
66
,
95
,
98
,
113

Purcell, Harold,
19

Reese, Jeanette,
83

Reeves, Jeremiah,
23
–25,
24
,
27
,
34
,
63
,
115
–16
n

Rice, Thomas “Daddy,”
4

Rivers of Change
(Dickerson-Waheed),
77

Rives, Richard,
83
,
85
,
89
,
91
,
92

Robinson, Jo Ann,
8
,
37
–39,
38
,
53
,
65
,
68
,
93

boycott flyer produced and distributed by,
58

at
Browder v. Gayle
trial,
83
,
88

after Claudette's arrest,
37
,
41

at Claudette's juvenile court hearing,
44
,
45

indictment as boycott leader of,
81
,
82
132

in meetings with city and bus company officials,
38
–39,
54

police attacks on home of,
71

in Women's Political Council,
47
–48

Rogers, Roy,
17
–18

St. Jude Hospital,
18
–19

St. Jude School,
21
,
54

Salter, Jack,
85
–86

schools, desegregation of,
83

see also Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

Sellers, Clyde,
88
–89,
94

Selma-to-Montgomery march,
83

separate but equal, doctrine of,
71
,
92

Sikora, Frank,
88
,
96
,
102
–3,
113
,
120
n

skin color, attitudes toward,
22
,
26
–27

Smiley, Glenn,
96

Smith, Frank,
54

Smith, Mary Louise,
53
–55,
54
,
84
,
88

Spring Hill School (Pine Level),
13
–14

Supreme Court, U.S.,
9
,
24
,
26
,
27
,
71
,
85
,
92
,
95
,
98

Taylor, Fred,
116
n

Till, Emmett,
53

Todd, Nancy,
26

To Kill a Mockingbird
(film),
120
n

Trinity Lutheran Church,
69
,
94

Tubman, Harriet,
27
,
47
,
75

Underground Railroad,
27

USA Today
,
106

Ward, T. J.,
44

Warren, Earl,
27

We Were There, Too!
(Hoose),
105

Wheatley, Phillis,
37

White, Viola,
8

White Citizens Councils,
74
,
80
,
94

Williams, Hank,
16

Willing, Richard,
106

Wingfield, Katie,
8

Women's Political Council (WPC),
38
,
39
,
47
–48

World War II,
12

Worthy, Epsie,
9