Borderland (35 page)

28
Ibid., p. 161.

29
Economist,
7 May 1994.

1
Daniel Kaufmann, ‘Diminishing Returns to Administrative Controls and the Emergence of the Unofficial Economy: a Framework of Analysis and Application to Ukraine,’ World Bank, Kiev, 1994.

2
Daniel Kaufmann, ‘The Missing Pillar of a Growth Strategy for Ukraine: Institutional and Policy Reforms for Private Sector Development,’ Harvard Institute of International Development and the World Bank, October 1996, p. 6.

3
Interview with the author, November 1996.

4
Interview with the author, November 1996.

5
Nikolai Gogol,
Taras Bulba,
in
Village Evenings Near Dikanka and Mirgorod,
trans. Christopher English, Oxford, 1994, p. 251.

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY

The standard surveys, covering Ukraine from prehistoric times to the present, are Orest Subtelny’s
Ukraine: a History
(Toronto 1988), and Paul Magocsi’s equally magisterial
A History of Ukraine
(Toronto, 1996.)

George Vernadsky’s
Kievan Russia,
volume two of his multi-volume
A History of Russia
(New Haven 1948), is a thorough, though now rather dated, account of medieval Rus. James Billington’s
The Icon and the Axe
(London 1966) gives an original overview of Rus art and culture; Richard Pipes’s
Russia under the Old Regime
(London 1974) traces the effects of Mongol suzerainty.

For the history of Polish rule in Ukraine, I relied on Norman Davies’s two-volume
God’s Playground
(Oxford 1981) and Adam Zamoyski’s
The Polish Way
(London 1987). Roman Szporluk’s
After Empire: What?
in
Daedalus,
vol.123, no.3, stresses Ukraine’s enduring Polish ties. Subtelny’s
The Mazepists
(Boulder 1981) details the rise and fall of Mazeppa, and Robert Massie’s
Peter the Great
(London 1981) includes a lively account of the events surrounding the battle of Poltava. Geoffrey Hosking’s
Russia: People and Empire
(London 1997) throws new light on tsarist imperialism. On Shevchenko’s career, I used Pavlo Zaitsev’s
Taras Shevchenko: a Life,
written in the 1930s and reprinted by the University of Toronto Press in 1988; translations of Shevchenko’s poetry are taken from Vera Rich’s
Song Out of Darkness
(London 1961). Hugh Seton-Watson’s
Nations and States
(London 1977) and John Armstrong’s
Ukrainian Nationalism
(Colorado 1990) thoughtfully analyse modern Ukrainian nationalism.

Pipes’s
Russia under the Bolshevik Regime: 1919–1924
(London 1994) covers the Civil War in Ukraine, as, marvellously, do Isaac Babel’s
Collected Stories
(London 1994) and Mikhail Bulgakov’s
The White Guard
(London 1989). The seminal works on Stalin’s famine and purges are Robert Conquest’s
The Harvest of Sorrow
(London 1986) and
The Great Terror
(London 1990). Victor Kravchenko’s
I Chose Freedom
(New York 1946) and Lev Kopelev’s
The Education of a True Believer
(New York 1980) are outstanding first-hand accounts of the period. Paul Hollander’s
Political Pilgrims
(New York 1981) is a blackly comic round-up of Western apologists for communism, Eugene Lyon’s
Assignment in Utopia
(London 1937) a fascinating memoir of life as a journalist in 1930s Moscow.

The most balanced treatments I found of the Ukrainian war record were David Marples’s
Stalinism in Ukraine in the 1940s
(New York 1992) and Philip Friedman’s
Roads to Extinction: Essays on the Holocaust
(New York 1980). Martin Gilbert’s
The Holocaust
(London 1986) details Jewish massacres month by month and town by town. Amongst survivors’ memoirs, Leon Weliczker Well’s
The Janowska Road
(London 1966) and Anatoly Kuznetsov’s
Babi Yar
(London 1970) stand out. Conquest’s
The Nation Killers
(London 1970) covers the deportation of the Crimean Tatars; Vera Tolz’s article in
World War 2 and the Soviet People
(London 1993) incorporates new research on the subject. The only English-language history of the khanate I know of is Alan Fisher’s
The Crimean Tatars
(Stanford 1978). The Transcarpathian débâcle of 1939 is hilariously described by Michael Winch in his
Republic for a Day: an Eye-Witness Account of the Carpatho-Ukraine Incident
(London 1939). Petro Grigorenko’s
Memoirs
(London 1983) cover, amongst much else, the Tatar liberation movement and the beginnings of Ukrainian dissidence.

Eye-witness accounts of the Chernobyl disaster are taken from Yuri Shcherbak’s
Chernobyl: a Documentary Story
(London 1989). The best general analyses of the accident are
The Chernobyl Disaster,
by Viktor Haynes and Marko Bojcun (London 1988), and Marples’s
The Social Impact of the Chernobyl Disaster
(London 1988).
Ukraine: Perestroika to Independence
by Taras Kuzio and Andrew Wilson (London 1994) details the tumultuous years 1987–1991; Solomea Pavlychko’s
Letters from Kiev
(New York 1992) capture the atmosphere of the time. Zbigniew Brzezinski’s
The Premature Partnership,
in vol.73, no.2 of
Foreign Affairs,
and Szporluk’s
Belarus, Ukraine and the Russian Question: a Comment
in vol.9, no.4 of
Post-Soviet Affairs
stress Russia’s non-acceptance of the loss of empire, and urge continued Western support for Ukrainian independence.

Amongst modern travel books, Anne Applebaum’s
Between East and West
(London 1995) and Neal Ascherson’s
Black Sea
(London 1995) both movingly cover parts of Ukraine. Lastly, Patricia Herlihy’s
Odessa: a History 1794–1914
(Cambridge, Mass. 1986) and Michael Hamm’s
Kiev: a Portrait, 1800–1917
(Princeton 1993) are excellent city histories.

INDEX

Akmecet

Aleksandr I, Tsar

Aleksandr II, Tsar
     assassination

Alexey, Tsar

Algirdas, Grand Duke

Allies
     split on Galicia issue
     support White Russians

Andriyivsky Uzviz, Kiev

Andropov, Yuriy, links with Ukraine

Anna, Queen

anti-Semitism
     May Laws
     in Russian empire
     in Ukraine

Antonov, Oleg

Antonovych, Volodymyr

Aral Sea

Asquith, Herbert

Astor, Nancy

Austria
     in First World War
     nineteenth century defeats
     Polish rights in Galicia
     rule over Bukovyna
     rule over Lviv
     Autocephalous Orthodox Church

Avhustivka

Babel, Isaac
     in Civil War

Babiy Yar

Badayev, Yuriy

Bakhchisarai

Baluse, Jean

Balzac, Honors de

Bandera, Stepan

Basil II, Emperor

Batory, King Stefan

Batu, Khan

Baturin

Beauplan, Sieur de,
A Description of
Ukraine

Belarus
     lack of national leaders

Belzec, gas chambers

Berestechko, battle of

Bilokin, Valentyn

Bingel, Erwin

Black Sea Fleet

Black Sea steppe

Bolsheviks
     attack on Kiev (1918)
     in Crimea
     Jews in positions of authority

The Books of Genesis of the Ukrainian People

Brest-Litovsk, Treaty

Brezhnev, Leonid, links with Ukraine

Bryullov, Karl

Brodsky family

Brotherhood of SS Cyril and Methodius

Brusilov, General

Brzezinski, Zbigniew

The Bukovyna

Bulgakov, Mikhail
     
Manuscripts Don't Burn
     The White Guard

Bush, George

Buturlin, Vasiliy

By Fire And Sword
(Sienkiewicz)

Byron, Robert
     
First Russian, then Tibet

Byzantium
     influence on Rus

Capa, Robert

Carpathian mountains

Carr, E. H.

Caspian Sea

Catherine II, Empress
     in Crimea
     dissolution of hetmanate and Sich
     grants privileges to Cossack nobility
     New Russian tour
     makes peace with Ottamans

Catholic Church, Polish

Celan, Paul

Celebi Cihan, Norman

Cemiloglu, Mustafa

Chamberlin, William
     describes famine in
Russia's Iron Age

Charles XII, King of Sweden

Chechens, deportation (1944)
     war

Chekhov, Anton,
The Steppe

Chernenko, Konstantin, links with Ukraine

Chernivtsi
     in First World War

Chernobyl
     clean-up
     deaths
     evacuation
     explosion
     fallout
     health consequences
     IAEA report
     Obligatory Evacuation Zone
     power station
     radiation levels
     television news bulletin

Chernomyrdin, Viktor

Chersonesus

Chesnevsky, Valery

Chornovil, Vyacheslav

Christians, Orthodox
see
Orthodox Christians

The Chronicle of Bygone Years

Chubukshiyeva, Saide

churches
     demolished under Stalin
     in Kamyanets
     in Lviv

Churchill, Winston

Civil War (1918-21)
     Jewish massacres

Clarke, Edward Daniel, Crimea

Clinton, President Bill

Colton, Tim

collectivisation

communism, unpopularity in
     Ukraine
     demonstrations against

Communist Party
     purges
     of Ukraine

Conquest, Robert
     purges death estimate
     famine death estimate
     
The Nation Killers
     prison sentences

Conrad, Joseph

Constantine
(schooner)

Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus, Byzantine Emperor

Constantinople

Cossacks
     in Civil War (1918-21)
     emasculation
     Khmelnytsky Rebellion
     nobles' privileges
     raids on Turkey

Crimea
     attractions
     demolition of Tatar buildings
     economy
     Russian annexation
     Russian nationalism
     Tatar returnees
     Tatar seats in parliament
     Tatar history

Crimean War (1854-5)

Crusades

Czartoryski, Prince Adam

Davies, Norman,
God's Playground

dekulakisation

Demjanjuk, Ivan

deportee nationalities

Dmowski, Roman

Dnieper River
     as borderline
     Catherine II's royal progress
     mass baptism
     trade decline

Dnepropetrovsk

Donbass

Donetsk

Duranty, Walter, famine reporting

Dzyuba, Ivan

Edict of Ems (1876)

Einsatzgruppen, Jewish massacres

Elizabeth, Empress

Engelhardt, Pavel

evacuation zone, Chernobyl

Eye-Witness Chronicle

famine
see
'Great Hunger'

Fastiv, massacre

Ferdinand, Archduke, assassination

Feuchtwanger, Lion,
Moscow

First World War

food requisitioning (1928-32)

foreign investment

Forever Flowing
(Grossman)

Franko, Ivan
     
Budget of the Beasts

Frederick, King of Prussia

Galicia
     at the Paris peace talks (1919)
     electoral system under Austro-Hungary
     emigration
     German invasion (1941)
     inter-war Polonisation
     Polish domination under Austro-Hungary
     Polish rule between the wars
     Polish-Ukrainian rivalry
     poverty
     Soviet occupation (1939-41)
     Ukrainian language
     Ukrainian nationalism

Germans
     in Crimea (1918)
     occupation and evacuation of Kiev (1918)

Germany, invasion of Soviet Union (1941)

Gide, André

Giray khans

Gogol, Nikolai
     
Taras Bulba
     
Village Evenings near Didanka and Mirgorod

Gorbachev, Mikhail
     Chernobyl statement
     military coup
     perestroika
     referendum on Union Treaty
     return of Tatars
     return to Moscow

Gordeyevna, Lydiya

Goring, Hermann

Grabski, Stanislaw

'Great Hunger' (1932-3)
     cover-up in Western press

Grossman, Vasiliy,
Forever Flowing

Hagia Sofia, Constantinople

Helsinki Group, imprisonment

Hemans, Simon

Henri I, King of France

Herald Tribune
     famine reports
     Polish 'pacification' campaign in Galicia (1930)

Herriot, Edouard, visit to collective farm

Himmler, Heinrich

History of the Russes or Little Russia

History of Ukraine-Rus
(Hrushevsky)

Hitler, Adolf

Hlukhiv

Hoch, Jan Ludvik (Robert Maxwell)

Holocaust
     Ukrainian attitudes
     Ukrainian involvement
       in Drohobycz
       in Kiev
       in Lviv
       in Odessa
       today
       in Uman
       in Vynnytsya

Hryhoryev, Matviy

Hrytsay, Hanna

Hrushevsky, Mykhaylo
     exile
     
History of Ukraine-Rus
     OGPU surveillance
     President of Ukraine

Hryhorenko, General Petro

Hurenko, Stanyslav

The Hussar
(von Rezzori)

Hutsuls

Ibrahim, Veli

inflation

Ingush

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Chernobyl report

International Monetary Fund (IMF), loan to Ukraine

Iogaila, Grand Duke

Ivan IV, Tsar (The Terrible)

Ivano-Frankivsk

Izvestiya
, on Tatar deportations

Jadwiga, Queen of Poland

Jews
     Civil War massacres
     early history in Ukraine
     emigration
     hidden by gentiles
     Holocaust
     in Ivano-Frankivsk

John Paul II, Pope

Jones, Gareth

Josef II, Emperor of Austria

Kaffa

Kamyanets Podilsky
     churches
     Poles

Kaniv, Shevchenko monument

Karakumy desert

Kazakhstan, deported kulaks

Kazimierz, Jan, King of Poland

Kerr, Philip

Keynes, Maynard

Kharkiv, trials

Kherson

Khmel, Hryhoriy

Khmelnytsky, Hetman Bohdan
     image today
     Jewish massacres
     Pereyaslav Treaty
     reason for rebellion

Khotyn

Khrushchev, Nikita
     fall
     handover of Crimea
     links with Ukraine
     Sovietising Galicia (1939-41)
     speech on deportations

Kiev
     Babiy Yar
     Bolshevik attack (1918)
     churches
     in Civil War (1918-21)
     in First World War
     foundation
     independence movement
(1988-1990)
     long decline
     Mongol invasion
     nuclear fallout
     poverty
     provincialism
     Rada (Central Council, 1918)
     Rada (Verhovna Rada, 1990+)
     St Vladimir's University

Kievan Rus
     disintegration
     European links
     foundatiaon
     historeography
     Lithuanian rule
     north-south split

Kirim Giray, Khan

Koch, Erich

Kochubey, Viktor

Koestler, Arthur

Kohl, Chancellor Helmut

Kohl, Johann Georg, Little Russians

Kolesnyk, Moishe-Leib

korenizatsiya

Korzeniowski see Conrad

Kostomarov, Mykola

Kotlyarevsky, Ivan

Kovalevska, Lyubov

Kravchenko, Viktor
     dekulakisation
     famine
     
korenizatsiya