Bombshell (36 page)

62
Nabi Abdullaev, “Women to the Forefront of Chechen Terrorism,” International Relations and Security Network, 2005, p. 1,
www.isn.ethz.ch/news/sw/details.cfm?ID=97812005

3  The “Pregnant” Bomber

1
DM Daugherty, “The Women Hunger Strikers of Armagh Prison.” October 2002,
http://irelandsown.net/armaghwomen.html

2
Laura E. Lyons, “At the End of the Day”: An Interview with Mairead Keane National Head of Sein Fein Women's Department.”
Boundary 2
19:2, 1992.

3
Not her real name.

4
“Baby Bomb Bid at Airport,”
Ulster News Letter
, April 30, 1990, p. 5.

5
www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/ira/conflict

6
John Horgan, “From War of Maneuver to War of Position: A Brief History of the Provisional IRA and the Irish Republic,” in
Combating Terrorism in Northern Ireland
, James Dingley (ed.), London: Routledge, 2009, p. 228.

7
Ibid, p. 230.

8
Eunan O'Halpin,
Defending Ireland: The Irish State and Its Enemies Since 1922
, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999, p. 151.

9
Robert Kee,
Ireland: A History
, London: Time Warner Books, 1980 (revised edition, 2005), p. 237; Peter Berresford Ellis,
Eyewitness to Irish History
, Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2004, p. 281.

10
www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/ira/conflict

11
Catholics in Ireland were underemployed or unemployed. As families grew, the state would not grant permission to build new apartments or housing estates. Most families lived several to one home, and housing for Catholics was not increased commensurate with their growing population. Any new developments were built almost exclusively for Protestants, further exacerbating the relations between the two communities.

12
Bernadette Devlin,
Price of my Soul
, London: Pan Books, 1969, foreword and chapter 12.

13
Richard English,
Armed Struggle: A History of the IRA
, New York: Oxford University Press, 2003, p. 106.

14
Seán Mac Stíofáin,
Memoirs of a Revolutionary
, London: Gordon Cremonesi, 1975 (second edition, Free Ireland Book Club, 1979), p. 146.

15
John Horgan,
Divided We Stand: The Strategy and Psychology of Ireland's Dissident Terrorists
. New York: Oxford University Press, forthcoming in 2011.

16
Dr. Raymond McClean,
The Road to Bloody Sunday
, Derry, Northern Ireland: Guildhall Press, 1983.

17
Bishop Edward Daly, in an interview shown in “Secret History: Bloody Sunday,” broadcast by Channel 4 Television, UK, on January 22, 1992,
http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/events/bsunday/sum.htm

18
www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/ira/conflict

19
Margareta D'Arcy,
Tell Them Everything: A Sojourn in the Prison of HMS Queen Elizabeth II at Ard Macha (Armagh)
, London: Pluto Press, 1981, p. 66.

20
Father Denis Faul, “Beating Women in Prison: Black February, Armagh Prison,” special report, February 1980.

21
Some cells were eight feet by eleven feet.

22
D'Arcy, op. cit., pp. 54–55. However, the sheets and pillows were removed as punishment after the February 7 incident.

23
Nell McCafferty,
The Armagh Women
, Dublin: Co-op Books, 1981, p. 10.

24
D'Arcy, op. cit., p. 57.

25
Interviews with female ex-prisoners, Belfast, August 2009.

26
Mark Hoffman, “Perspectives on the Northern Ireland Women's Coalition,” p. 72, passim
www.sit.edu/SITOccasionalPapers/ops03.pdf#page=72

27
Interviews with female ex-prisoners, Belfast, August 2009.

28
Faul, “Beating Women in Prison: Black February, Armagh Prison,” op. cit., p. 15.

29
D'Arcy, op. cit., p. 81.

30
Interview with Mary Doyle, Belfast, August 2009.

31
“The diary of Bobby Sands,” available online at
www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/ira/readings/diary.html
.

32
“Women in the Irish National Liberation Struggle,”
Radikal
, no. 145, February 1992,
www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/61/291.html

33
Interview with Mairéad Farrell's cell mates, August 13, 2009.

34
Seán Mac Stíofáin,
Revolutionary in Ireland
, London: Gordon Cremonesi, 2005, p. 218, cited by Mary Corcoran,
Out of Order: The Political Imprisonment of Women in Northern Ireland 1972–1998
, Devon, UK: Willan Publishing, 2006, p. 6.

35
Jenny McGeever, “The Story of Mairéad Farrell,”
Magill Magazine
, October 6, 1986, p. 9.

36
“IRA girl went to ‘set up' sergeant,”
Irish News
, August 11, 1975.

37
Interviews with female ex-prisoners, Belfast, August 2009.

38
Mary Corcoran,
Out of Order: The Political Imprisonment of Women in Northern Ireland 1972–1998
, Devon, UK: Willan Publishing, 2006, p. 5.

39
Interviews with female ex-prisoners, Belfast, August 2009.

40
Viviane Hewitt, “Special Branch Men Threatened to Rape Me,”
Sunday News
, April 27, 1975, and “Police Deny Rape Threats,”
Sunday News
, May 4, 1975.

41
Conflict Archive on the Internet, CAIN web services, “Internment: Summary of Main Events,”
http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/events/intern/sum.htm

42
Eoin Clarke, “Women and Irish Republicanism, 1914–1974,” Part 1,
http://searchwarp.com/swa54344.htm
.

43
“IRA Attempt to Recruit Bomb Girls,”
Daily Telegraph
, September 28, 1972.

44
Mark Hoffman, “Perspectives on the Northern Ireland Women's Coalition,” p. 72 passim, p.8,
www.sit.edu/SITOccasionalPapers/ops03.pdf#page=72

45
Interviews with the author, Belfast, August 2009.

46
www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/cm199697/cmhansrd/vo961217/text/61217w19.htm

47
Interview with the author, Belfast, August 11, 2009.

48
Interview with the author, Belfast, August 12, 2009.

49
Ibid.

50
Mia Bloom and John Horgan, “Missing Their Mark: The IRA's Proxy Bomb Campaign,”
Social Research: An International Quarterly
, vol. 75, no. 2 (Summer 2008).

51
A twelfth civilian was in a coma for thirteen years before dying.

52
In fact, “Sunday Bloody Sunday” is not a nationalist song at all. According to U2 drummer Larry Mullen, “We're into the politics of people, we're not into politics. Like you talk about Northern Ireland,
‘Sunday Bloody Sunday,' people sort of think, ‘Oh, that time when 13 Catholics were shot by British soldiers'; that's not what the song is about. That's an incident, the most famous incident in Northern Ireland and it's the strongest way of saying, ‘How long? How long do we have to put up with this?' I don't care who's who—Catholics, Protestants, whatever. You know people are dying every single day through bitterness and hate, and we're saying, Why? What's the point? And you can move that into places like El Salvador and other similar situations—people dying. Let's forget the politics, let's stop shooting each other and sit around the table and talk about it … There are a lot of bands taking sides saying politics is crap, etc. Well, so what! The real battle is people dying, that's the real battle,” Interview,
White Lily
, April 1, 1983,
http://u2_interviews.tripod.com/id18.html

53
In the 1970s, other women had gone on hunger strike, including the Price sisters, who staged a 206-day strike in order to arrange their transfer to Armagh prison.

54
“We Go Ahead with Hunger Strike, Say Women Prisoners,”
Irish News
, November 29, 1980.

55
John J. O'Connor, “An IRA Member from Several Angles,”
New York Times
, June 13, 1989,
www.nytimes.com/1989/06/13/movies/review-television-an-ira-member-from-several-angles.html

56
“British Obstruct Gibraltar Action,”
An Phoblacht/Republican News
, April 26, 1990, p. 5.

4  The Scout

1
Izz al Qassemn Brigades' website dedicated to Ahlam Al Tamimi,
www.qassam.ps/prisoner-96-Ahlam_Mazen_Al_Tamimi.html

2
Ahlam Al Tamimi interview with Shimon Dotan, HaSharon Prison, 2006;
Hot House
, Alma Films, Meimad Barkai production, December 2005.

3
Robert Fisk, “We Cannot Report Gaza Like a Football Match,”
www.mwaw.net/2009/01/08/fisk-on-gaza

4
Robert Fisk, “Fifteen Dead in Jerusalem Suicide Bomb,”
The Independent
, August 10, 2001.

5
Martin Sicker,
Reshaping Palestine: From Muhammed Ali to the British Mandate, 1831–1921
, Westport, CT: Praeger, 1999, p. 4.

6
“More than forty Jewish communities could be traced to the sixth century … twelve on the coast, in the Negev, and east of the Jordan and thirty-one villages in Galilee and in the Jordan Valley,”
www.eretzyisroel.org/~peters/presence.html

7
Moshe Dayan,
Story of My Life
, New York: De Capo Press, 1992.

8
Article 22, The Covenant of the League of Nations,
http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/leagcov.asp#art22
“Mandate for Palestine,”
Encyclopedia Judaica
, vol. 11, p. 862, Keter Publishing House, Jerusalem, 1972.

9
The text of the agreement is located at Brigham Young University Archives, wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php/Sykes-Picot_Agreement

10
Jeremy Wilson,
Lawrence of Arabia: The Authorized Biography of T.E. Lawrence
, New York: Athenaeum, 1990.

11
James Gelvin,
The Israeli-Palestine Conflict: One Hundred Years of War
, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005, pp. 82–83.

12
Balfour Declaration.
www.knesset.gov.il/lexicon/eng/BalfourDeclaration_eng.htm

13
David Fromkin,
A Peace to End All Peace: The Fall of the Ottoman Empire and the Creation of the Modern Middle East
, New York: Owl Books, 1989 (reprinted by Holt, 2001 and 2009).

14
Gudrun Krämer,
A History of Palestine: From the Ottoman Conquest to the Founding of the State of Israel
, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2008.

15
Peel Commission Report Cmd. 5479, 1937, p. 97.

16
Matthew Hughes, “The Banality of Brutality: British Armed Forces and the Repression of the Arab Revolt in Palestine, 1936–39,”
English Historical Review
, vol. CXXIV, no. 507, 2009, pp. 314–54.

17
Brief History of Palestine and Israel and the Israeli Palestinian Conflict,
www.mideastweb.org/briefhistory.htm#Modern%20History

18
Benny Morris
, The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem, 1947–49
, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987, pp. 149, passim; see also Simha Flapan,
The Birth of Israel: Myths and Reality
, New York: Pantheon Press, 1988, and Avi Shlaim,
Collusion Across the Jordan: King Abdullah, the Zionist Movement and the Partition of Palestine
, New York: Columbia University Press, 1988.

19
Said K. Aburish,
Arafat, From Defender to Dictator
. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing, 1998, pp. 41–90.

20
Dan Fisher,
Los Angeles Times
, December 23, 1987.

21
John Kifner, “Burial Alive of Palestinians,”
New York Times
, February 16, 1988.

22
Ray Hanania, “Sharon's Terror Child,”
www.counterpunch.org/hanania01182003.html

23
www.mideastweb.org/hamashistory.htm

24
Palestine TV broadcast, August 9, 2001.

25
www.arabicnews.com/ansub/Daily/Day/010810/2001081005.html

26
Suzanne Goldenberg, “The Street Was Covered with Blood and Bodies: The Dead and the Dying,”
The Guardian
, August 10, 2001,
www.guardian.co.uk/world/2001/aug/10/israel1

27
Brian Whitaker, “Who Carried Out Suicide Bombing?”
The Guardian
, August 10, 2001,
www.guardian.co.uk/Archive/Article/0,4273,4236794,00.html

28
Jerusalem Bomber ‘driven by despair'
Sunday Tribune
, August 10, 2001,
www.sundaytribune.co.za/index.php?fSectionId=1028&fArticleId=ct20010810092510430M323911
.

29
Barbara Victor,
Army of Roses: Inside the World of Palestinian Women Suicide Bombers
, New York: Rodale Press, 2003, p. 144.

30
Joyce Davis,
Martyrs: Innocence, Vengeance, and Despair in the Middle East
, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004, p. 130.

31
Al Masri's sister did name the baby after him two days later. When asked what hopes she had for the child, she said she wanted him to be “like his uncle.” “Paradise—Hollywood Style,” agsconsulting. com/articles/ab060120.htm

32
Brian Whitaker, “Who Carried Out Suicide Bombing?”
The Guardian
, August 10, 2001,
www.guardian.co.uk/Archive/Article/0,4273,4236794,00.html

33
The last-will-and-testament video was broadcast on Al Manar TV; CNN provided a detailed transcript,
http://edition.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0601/23/ywt.01.html

34
Jailed bomber, interview with Shimon Dotan 2006;
Hot House
, Alma Films, Meimad Barkai production.