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Authors: Wallace Terry

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BOOK: Bloods
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One time I was home. My daughter was walkin’ down the country path. She was cryin’. And I never got to ask her why. I had to go back.

When I was shot down, the Air Force got my family out of Japan back to Virginia as soon as possible. Donald was twelve, Fred was ten, Debbie was eight, and Cynthia was six. Beulah sheltered them until they found a house near Langley, and they had all the facilities, Navy and Air Force, they needed within 15 minutes.

My wife got my first letter in December of 1969. My mother got to see it before she died of a stroke a few months later. She died believin’ I was comin’ home.

I got my first letter from home in May of 1970. From my sister. She had a helluva time gettin’ forms from the Air Force to write to me or to send packages. ’Cause she wasn’t the next of kin.

My wife was tellin’ the kids that I was dead. I wasn’t comin’ home.

In November ’72 I received a letter from my oldest son.

By then we knew the negotiations were going on in Paris. We could hear the B-52s. And we knew that they were going to solve it. When the bombing stopped, we knew they didn’t have any more missiles. And that the agreements were going to be signed.

The sick and wounded, the guys who had been there the longest, were the first to fly out. But the Vietnamese sorta squeezed in the guys who had gone along with them. I guess that was more payoff for being traitors.

The first meal I wanted when I got to the Philippines was sausage and eggs.

I told the dietician, “One platter of scrambled eggs. One platter of sausage patties. Laid on two plates.”

She said, “But, sir. It’s five o’clock in the afternoon.”

“I don’t care.”

She thought I had been to sleep and woke up thinking it was morning.

She brought the two plates. And I ate it. I ate it. I ate it.

Then I called Beulah.

She said, “You don’t have a very nice situation to come back to.”

I didn’t ask any questions.

I said, “I guess I understand.”

I didn’t receive a single letter or package from my wife. And I’m not crazy. She’s either dead, or she’s taken off. I was really hopin’ it was the way it was. I was hopin’ it would be that way than she died.

“How are the kids?”

She said, “They’re okay.”

Then Beulah told me the boys had dropped out of high school and were in the Army.

I thought they would have been in school, but little did I know.

General Chappie James was handling the return of POWs. We were old friends, and he knew about my situation at home. So he sent a friend of ours, Colonel Clark Price, to escort me home.

Clark told me another man was involved. A child was born in October ’69. A girl. The money was gone. My allotments. Salary. Everything. And the kids were in the Army.

I didn’t even ask him about my coins. I got depressed; the boys weren’t in school.

I wanted to be taken to Norfolk Naval Hospital in Portsmouth. That was closest to home. But Clark said Andrews Air Force Base near Washington, D.C., might be better, considering the situation I was returning to. I guess many people were afraid I might have been crazy enough to do somethin’ violent. They didn’t want to put me where the sparks might fly.

I asked to see Beulah and her husband. My sons made arrangements to get there. My daughters didn’t come at first. They were living with my wife. Even after my name appeared in the newspapers that we were being released, she still told them I wasn’t coming home. It was a mistake.

When she did come to Andrews, I told Clark I didn’t want to see her.

Clark said, “I think you should.”

“Okay.”

I wouldn’t see her with the door closed. My attorney told me not to put myself in a position where I could have the opportunity to cohabitate.

I asked her to be reasonable, to agree to an uncontested divorce so the stuff won’t come out and embarrass the kids.

She said no, she didn’t want a divorce. And she tried to fight it. I understand that, too. You been gettin’ a nice fat check all these years, and all of a sudden, you ain’t got it. Who’s gonna take care of this and that?

There was no waiting period for the divorce. ’Cause I’d been separated seven and a half years.

I sued the Air Force because they were negligent in handling my money while I was away. About $150,000. And the U.S. Court of Claims upheld me. In the services we have volunteers and active-duty people who look after families split apart like mine was. They knew every letter that went one way or the other, so they knew she wasn’t writing me. Something’s gotta be wrong. They let her take the money out of my account to have the child in a civilian hospital. They didn’t question that. The $450 a month allotment that was going to my savings bank? They gave her that, too. A form was signed on October 25, 1965, three days after I was shot down. It had to be forged. But the people handlin’ the POW families were so into keepin’ these families quiet, they’d do anything.

I hope my case sets a precedent. A serviceman who gets in a position like mine must be better looked after in the future.

They gave me an extensive battery of mental and physical tests at Andrews. They said the best thing they could give me was a little more forward movement in my arm.

I said, “No. What the hell. I’ve lived with it all these years and got used to it.”

The only time it’s aggravating is when I’m trying to do something like hang a picture. Or reach over my head. Now I can change a light bulb almost as fast with one hand as you can with two.

Physically, I can never recover totally. I still suffer muscle spasms. My eyes are not as good as they should be at this point in my life. That’s because of all the periods
of darkness. The years of darkness. And I don’t hear too well out of my left ear. That was where the right hook usually got to first. But I still feel extremely fortunate.

They gave me the Air Force Cross, two Bronze Stars, and two Purple Hearts for resisting the enemy. I had already received the Distinguished Flying Cross and the Silver Star before for action in combat.

I had reached the rank of full colonel two months before my release.

In September of ’81 I retired. Seventy percent disability. Thirty years.

I never dreamed about Vietnam. Not once since comin’ back. But I still think about how we could have won the war. It should have been planned to hit the military targets early. It was only near the end that we started. And there would have been a lot less lives lost. And with proper leadership South Vietnam would’ve lasted a hell of a lot longer than it did. The war just went the way it did because the military was not allowed to win it. That’s all.

I don’t harbor no animosities against the Vietnamese people at all. North or South. Except as individuals. Isolated cases.

I guess I would still like to get my hands on Dum Dum. I’d like to have Dum Dum. I would know Dum Dum anyplace.

There were Vietnamese who were compassionate. The ones who fed me with bananas and pieces of candy in the hospital, taking a great risk to do that. And the doctor who acted like a doctor whatever the policy was in treating a prisoner. And the guard who caught me red-handed communicatin’. And he refused to turn me in because of my health being on the low side at the time. All he said was, “No, Xu. No. No.”

After the release, I kept in touch with Hally. In 1977 he spent two weeks with me while he was doing research at the Pentagon for his master’s degree. I gave him the key to my home in Silver Spring, Maryland. I gave him the key to a car.

We talked about how we looked at each other the first time we met. We talked about what we learned from each other. We remembered certain guys and tried to track down where they were. We rehashed the whole thing.

Naturally, I thanked him again for really, really saving my life. Other guys would’ve done the same thing, okay? But they didn’t have the opportunity.

One daughter—the one who cried in my dream—lives with me now and goes to college. And back home in Suffolk there is a Colonel Fred Victor Cherry Scholarship Fund to help capable kids who run short of money get to college.

And I speak across the country for the Tuskegee Airmen’s Association—black fighter pilots of the last three wars—telling young black people to study engineering, science, and technology.

Maybe one of those young black lads that hears me will walk across a field one day, look up at an airplane, like I did so long, long ago, and say, “I’m going to fly. I’m going to be a fighter pilot.”

Chronology of Major Events in the Vietnam War
September 2, 1945
    
After the departure of Japanese occupation forces. Ho Chi Minh and the Communist-dominated Viet Minh Independence League established the Government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in Hanoi.
September 22, 1945
    
French troops returned to Vietnam.
December 19, 1946
    
The Viet Minh began an eight-year war against the French occupation with attacks in the North.
May 8, 1950
    
The U.S. announced it would provide military and economic aid to the French in Indochina, starting with a grant of $10 million.
June 27, 1950
    
President Truman announced the dispatch of a 35-member military mission to Vietnam, followed a month later by an economic aid mission.
December 23, 1950
    
The U.S., France, Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos signed an agreement which granted U.S. aid and recognized their common interest in defending the principles of freedom.
May 7, 1954
    
The survivors of the French garrison at Dien Bien Phu surrendered to the Viet Minh.
July 1954
    
The Geneva Agreements were signed, partitioning Vietnam along the 17th Parallel and establishing an International Control Commission to supervise compliance.
October 11, 1954
    
The Viet Minh took formal control over North Vietnam.
October 24, 1954
    
President Eisenhower advised Premier Ngo Dinh Diem that the U.S. would provide assistance directly to South Vietnam rather than channeling it through the French.
May 10, 1955
    
South Vietnam made a formal request for U.S. military advisors.
July 20, 1955
    
South Vietnam refused to participate in Vietnam-wide elections as called for in the Geneva Agreements on the grounds that elections would not be free in the North.
April 28, 1956
    
A U.S. military advisory group replaced French training of the South Vietnamese Army.
January 3, 1957
    
The International Control Commission declared that neither North Vietnam nor South Vietnam had complied with the Geneva Agreements.
June 1957
    
The last French military training mission left South Vietnam.
July 8, 1959
    
Two U.S. military advisors were killed during a Communist attack at Bien Hoa.
May 30, 1960
    
A U.S. Special Forces team arrived to assist in training.
December 31, 1960
    
Nine hundred American troops were in Vietnam.
January 29, 1961
    
Radio Hanoi proclaimed formation of the National Front for Liberation in South Vietnam.
March 19, 1961
    
The National Front announced an offensive to prevent presidential elections.
May 11, 1961
    
President Kennedy dispatched 400 Special Forces soldiers and 100 additional military
advisors, and authorized a campaign of clandestine warfare against North Vietnam to be carried out by South Vietnamese personnel.
October 18, 1961
    
A state of emergency was declared in South Vietnam by President Diem.
November 1961
    
The U.S. enlarged the military advisory mission and assigned combat support missions to South Vietnam.
December 31, 1961
    
U.S. forces in Vietnam totaled 3,200.
February 8, 1962
    
The U.S. established the Military Assistance Command in Saigon. Meanwhile, U.S. Special Forces were training Montagnards for combat against Viet Cong guerrillas.
December 29, 1962
    
South Vietnam proclaimed 39 percent of its population living in fortified “strategic hamlets.”
December 31, 1962
    
U.S. forces in Vietnam totaled 11,300.
May 8, 1963
    
Twelve people were killed in Hue in rioting during a celebration of Buddha’s birthday. Rioting and anti-government demonstrations spread elsewhere in the following weeks.
September 2, 1963
    
President Kennedy criticized the Saigon government for being out of touch with the people and said that the U.S. would play only a supportive role.
November 1, 1963
    
A military coup with tacit U.S. approval overthrew President Diem. Diem was assassinated with his brother, Ngo Dinh Nhu.
November 4, 1963
    
The U.S. recognized the new government in Saigon.
December 31, 1963
    
U.S. forces in Vietnam totaled 16,300.
February 4, 1964
    
The Viet Cong launched an offensive in Tay Ninh province.
June 20, 1964
    
General William C. Westmoreland took command of MACV.
August 1964
    
North Vietnamese torpedo boats attacked the U.S. destroyers
Maddox
and
Turner Joy
, prompting the U.S. Congress to adopt the
Tonkin Gulf Resolution endorsing measures needed to repel attacks on American forces.
December 31, 1964
    
The first North Vietnamese Army regulars appeared in South Vietnam. U.S. forces in Vietnam totaled 23,300.
February 7, 1965
    
The Viet Cong attacked the U.S. base at Pleiku, killing eight Americans.
March 2, 1965
    
“Operation Rolling Thunder,” a sustained American aerial bombardment of North Vietnam, was launched.
March 8, 1965
    
The first U.S. Marine battalion arrived at Danang.
March 19, 1965
    
The first full U.S. Army battalion arrived.
April 7, 1965
    
President Johnson proposed negotiations to end the war and offered $1 billion in aid to Southeast Asia, but Hanoi denounced the plan.
July 28, 1965
    
President Johnson announced his decision to greatly increase U.S. combat forces in Vietnam.
October 1965
    
U.S. troops launched the month-long Ia Drang campaign, which was the first major confrontation between U.S. and North Vietnamese forces.
December 31, 1965
    
U.S. forces in Vietnam totaled 185,300.
January 31, 1966
    
Bombing of North Vietnam resumed after a 37-day pause.
April 12, 1966
    
B-52s from Guam bombed North Vietnam for the first time.
October 24, 1966
    
President Johnson met Premier Ky and leaders of five other nations involved in the war and pledged a 4-point “Declaration of Peace.”
December 31, 1966
    
U.S. forces in Vietnam totaled 185,300.
August 3, 1967
    
President Johnson announced an escalation of troops and requested a 10 percent income tax surcharge to finance the war.
September 3, 1967
    
General Nguyen Van Thieu was elected president of South Vietnam with 35 percent of the vote.
December 31, 1967
    
U.S. forces in Vietnam totaled 465,600 and those killed in combat totaled 9,378 for the year.
January 30, 1968
    
The month-long Tet Offensive erupted throughout South Vietnam, raising questions about the capacity of U.S. military forces to end the war.
February 24, 1968
    
The royal palace at Hue was recaptured by Marines and South Vietnamese troops after 25 days of struggle.
March 16, 1968
    
The My Lai massacre took place, killing at least 450 unarmed South Vietnamese.
March 31, 1968
    
President Johnson ordered a partial halt in the bombing of the North and announced that he would not seek reelection.
April 6, 1968
    
Relief forces arrived at Khe Sanh, ending 77-day siege of the Marine combat base.
May 13, 1968
    
Delegates from the U.S. and North Vietnam held their first formal peace meeting in Paris.
October 31, 1968
    
President Johnson announced a cessation of all bombing of North Vietnam.
November 1, 1968
    
Hanoi announced that the Paris peace talks would be expanded to include South Vietnam and the National Liberation Front, but Thieu refused to participate.
December 31, 1968
    
U.S. forces in Vietnam totaled 536,000 and those killed in combat totaled 14,592 for the year.
March 1969
    
President Nixon secretly authorized bombing raids over Cambodia.
May 12, 1969
    
Communists launched some 200 attacks against military and civilian targets.
June 8, 1969
    
President Nixon announced the first U.S. troop withdrawal.
October 4, 1969
    
According to the Gallup Poll, 58 percent of the American public believed the war was a mistake.
December 31, 1969
    
U.S. forces in Vietnam totaled 475,000 and those killed in combat totaled 9,414 for the year.
March 27, 1970
    
South Vietnamese forces, supported by U.S. helicopters, attacked Communist camps across the Cambodian border.
May 1970
    
Demonstrations opposing the Cambodian bombing took place on U.S. college campuses. The protest intensified after National Guardsmen killed four students at Kent State University.
December 1970
    
The U.S. Congress repealed the Tonkin Gulf Resolution and approved an amendment barring U.S. military personnel from Cambodia.
December 31, 1970
    
U.S. forces in Vietnam totaled 334,600.
February 8, 1971
    
South Vietnamese forces invaded Laos to interdict North Vietnamese supply lines.
June 13, 1971
    
The
New York Times
began releasing the “Pentagon Papers,” a study of U.S. involvement in Indochina.
December 1971
    
U.S. planes staged heavy bombing raids over the North.
December 31, 1971
    
U.S. forces in Vietnam totaled 156,800.
January 25, 1972
    
President Nixon revealed that Henry Kissinger, his national security advisor, had been conducting secret Paris peace talks since August 1969.
March 30, 1972
    
North Vietnamese forces launched an offensive against South Vietnamese bases throughout the country.
April 16, 1972
    
B-52s resumed bombing raids around Hanoi and Haiphong.
May 8, 1972
    
President Nixon ordered the mining of Haiphong and other North Vietnamese harbors.
August 12, 1972
    
The last American ground troops left South Vietnam; airmen and support personnel remained.
October 26, 1972
    
Kissinger announced that “peace is at hand.”
November 7, 1972
    
President Nixon was reelected. His opponent, Senator George McGovern, had offered a plan to end all bombing and withdrawal of all forces.
December 18, 1972
    
President Nixon ordered resumption of full bombing and mining of North Vietnam.
December 31, 1972
    
U.S. forces in Vietnam totaled 24,200.
January 23, 1973
    
Secretary of State Kissinger and North Vietnamese negotiator Le Duc Tho initiated an agreement to end the war and provide for the release of POWs.
January 27, 1973
    
A cease-fire began.
April 1, 1973
    
The last American POW arrived at Clark Air Force Base.
January 4, 1974
    
President Thieu announced that the war in South Vietnam had resumed.
April 17, 1975
    
Phnom Penh fell to Communist insurgents.
April 30, 1975
    
North Vietnamese troops entered Saigon while the remaining Americans were evacuated.
March 26, 1976
    
Kissinger announced that the U.S. was prepared to normalize relations with Hanoi.
BOOK: Bloods
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