Andrew Jackson (92 page)

“Summer before last . . . bones upon them”: Tecumseh speech of September 18, 1813, enclosed with Harrison to Meigs, October 11, 1813,
Letters of Harrison
, 2:541–43 (speech), 575–76 (letter).

“He was dressed . . . from our view”: Richardson quoted in Sugden, 370.

“Father, tell your young men”: Ibid.

“His inferior officers say . . . for a moment doubtful”: Harrison to Meigs, October 11, 1813,
Letters of Harrison
, 2:575–76.

“The American backwoodsmen ride better”: Harrison to John Armstrong, October 9, 1813, ibid., 2:562.

Harrison counted: Ibid., 2:565.

“I saw him with my own eyes”: Rowland quoted in Sugden, 375.

17. T
HE
R
IVER OF
B
LOOD

“If they do not get home soon”: Martin to Jackson, December 4, 1813,
CAJ
, 1:369.

“This was one of our strongest arguments . . . noble hearted soldiers”: Ibid., 1:369–70.

“It is well known . . . do my duty”: Jackson to Martin, December 4, 1813,
CAJ
, 1:370–73.

“If permitted to return . . . modify your order”: Cannon et al. to Jackson, December 8, 1813,
CAJ
, 1:374–75.

“In the name of God . . . has ever arrived”: Jackson to John Cocke, December 6, 1813,
CAJ
, 1:374.

“What may be attempted . . . they are subdued”: Jackson to Coffee, December 9, 1813,
CAJ
, 1:378.

“The commanding general being informed”: Jackson quoted in Reid and Eaton, 84.

“The general rode along the line”: Ibid., 84–85.

“By the Creeks . . . and very poor”: Crockett, 15, 71–75, 88–90.

“the wild liberty of the red man . . . in after years proved”: Houston,
Life
, 1.

“Which is the damned rascal?”: Parton, 1:508. Parton, who had a chance to interview many of those involved, is the source of the facts of the version of the Wood story recounted here.

“The offenses of which . . . be known also”: Jackson to Wood, March 14, 1814,
PAJ
, 3:48–49.

“Painful as it was”: Reid and Eaton, 143.

“It is impossible to conceive a situation”: Jackson to Thomas Pinckney, March 28, 1814,
CAJ
, 1:488–89.

“An opportunity is at length offered . . . shall suffer death”: Jackson general order, March 24, 1814,
CAJ
, 1:486–88.

“I had ordered the Indians . . . they were fighting you”: Coffee to Jackson, April 11, 1814, Horseshoe Bend Accounts. Also Gideon Morgan to Willie Blount, April 1, 1814, ibid.

“I never had such emotions”: Reid to Betsy Reid, April 1, 1814, Horseshoe Bend Accounts.

“A terrible conflict ensued . . . muzzles of our guns”: Reid to father, April 5, 1814, Horseshoe Bend Accounts.

“At length we mounted the walls . . . shouts of the victors”: Ibid.

“The event could no longer be doubtful”: Jackson to Blount, March 31, 1814,
CAJ,
1:491.

“The
carnage
was
dreadful
”: Jackson to Rachel Jackson, April 1, 1814,
CAJ
, 1:492–93.

John Coffee estimated the dead . . . “the instant they landed”: Coffee to Jackson, April 11, 1814, Horseshoe Bend Accounts.

“The river ran red with blood”: Bradford to William Henry Harrison, April 5, 1814, Horseshoe Bend Accounts.

“The Tallapoosa might truly be called”: Alexander McCulloch quoted in O’Brien, 151.

“I think it is the most complete victory”: Carroll to unidentified friend in Nashville, April 1, 1814, printed in Nashville
Clarion and Tennessee State Gazette
, April 12, 1814, extract reproduced in Horseshoe Bend Accounts.

“What effect this will produce”: Jackson to Rachel Jackson, April 1, 1814,
CAJ
, 1:493.

“The fiends of the Tallapoosa”: Jackson to Tennessee troops, April 2, 1814,
PAJ
, 3:58.

“I will give them”: Jackson to Rachel Jackson, April 1, 1814,
CAJ
, 1:493.

“High up on the central pole”: James Campbell, as told to a correspondent for the Richmond
Daily Dispatch
, printed September 16, 1861, Horseshoe Bend Accounts. Campbell’s remarks are paraphrased, so the precise wording may not be his. But the memory certainly is.

During one battle . . . soon was gone: Parton, 1:530.

“He was a little scant . . . it might be”: Carroll quoted in Buell, 1:335–36.

“I had directed”: Jackson quoted by Reid in Reid and Eaton, 165.

“I am in your power”: Weatherford speech to Jackson, March 28, 1814, quoted in Griffith, 116–17. See also Owsley, 83–85, and Reid and Eaton, 165–67.

“General Jackson said to Weatherford . . . by their chiefs”: Thomas Woodward, 92–93.

AMERICAN HERO (1814–1821)

18. P
EACE
G
IVER

“The opposite parties live separate:” Clement Moore to his mother, May 30 and June 4, 1812, quoted in Roger Brown, 178.

“When war is declared”: Baltimore
American
, July 16, 1812, quoted in Hickey, 55.

“We’ll feather and tar”: Ibid., 65.

“I have intended, my dear Rodney . . . in their places”: Clay to Caesar Rodney, December 29, 1812,
Papers of Clay
, 1:750.

“You are sufficiently aware . . . to the United States”: Gallatin to Clay, April 22, 1814,
Papers of Clay
, 1:883–84.

“Having advanced within sixteen miles . . . across the Potomac”: Ross to Earl Bathurst, August 30, 1814, in Auchinleck, 359–60.

“It would be difficult to conceive”: Gleig, 70.

“THE LEADER OF A HOST OF BARBARIANS”:
Niles’ Register
, October 27, 1814, in Hickey, 204.

“George Washington founded this city”: Ibid., 202.

After three weeks they produced a report: Buckley, 22–24.

“No sensible man ought to expect”: Boston
Gazette
, January 9, 1815, in Hickey, 278–79.

“These kind of men . . . have condemned them”: Jackson to Monroe, January 6, 1817,
CAJ
, 2:272–73.

“Something ought to be done for General Jackson”: Armstrong to Madison, May 14, 1814, Madison papers.

“All therefore that can be done”: Armstrong to Jackson, May 22, 1814,
CAJ
, 2:4.

“Accept the expression of your general’s thanks . . . not to be expressed”: Jackson to Tennessee troops, April 28, 1814,
PAJ
, 3:65–67.

“grand policy of the government. . . . It must be done”: Jackson to Williams, May 18, 1814,
PAJ
, 3:73–75.

“The truth is . . . to be killed”: Jackson reply to Big Warrior, August 7, 1814,
PAJ
, 3:109.

“Had you listened to them”: Jackson to Creek and Cherokee representatives, August 5, 1814,
PAJ
, 3:103.

“The spilling blood of white people . . . I hold fast”: Speech of Big Warrior, August 6, 1814,
PAJ
, 3:106–08.

“The war is not over . . . be destroyed together”: Jackson reply to Big Warrior, August 7, 1814,
PAJ
, 3:109–11.

“The whole Creek nation”: Jackson to John Armstrong, August 10, 1814,
CAJ
, 2:25.

“Could you only see the misery”: Jackson to Rachel Jackson, August 10, 1814,
PAJ
, 3:114.

“They
must
be
fed
and
clothed
”: Jackson to Armstrong, August 10, 1814,
CAJ
, 2:25.

19. T
HE
S
PANISH
F
RONT

“The Creeks were depressed”: Harry Toulmin to Jackson, June 22, 1814,
CAJ
, 2:9.

“Will the government say to me”: Jackson to Armstrong, June 27, 1814,
CAJ
, 2:12–13.

He ordered Jackson: Armstrong to Jackson, July 18, 1814,
CAJ
, 2:13n2.

“I am informed that the enemies . . . with the United States”: Jackson to González Manrique, July 12, 1814,
CAJ
, 2:15–16.

“impertinent . . . such a demand”: Gordon to Jackson, July 20, 1814,
CAJ
, 2:17–18.

“Whatever may be the wishes”: Jackson to Claiborne, August 22, 1814,
CAJ
, 2:27.

“Take no measures . . . of your duties”: Monroe to Jackson, October 21, 1814,
CAJ
, 2:79.

“murderous, barbarous, rebellious banditti . . . scalp for scalp”: Jackson to González Manrique, August 24, 1814,
CAJ
, 2:28–29.

“I received this evening . . . the surrounding country”: Jackson to Butler, August 27, 1814,
CAJ
, 2:31–32.

“There will be bloody noses . . . a desperate struggle”: Ibid.

“I shall arm my Indians . . . will take it up”: Jackson to González Manrique, September 9, 1814,
CAJ
, 2:45.

“the gallant efforts”: Jackson to Monroe, September 17, 1814,
CAJ
, 2:50.

“This country is strong by nature . . . we individually feel”: New Orleans committee of safety to Jackson, September 18, 1814,
CAJ
, 2:51–54.

“Through a mistaken policy . . . of your countrymen”: Jackson to the Free Coloured Inhabitants of Louisiana, September 21, 1814,
CAJ
, 2:58–59.

“They think that in putting arms . . . would prove dangerous”: Claiborne to Jackson, October 17, 1814,
CAJ
, 2:76–77.

“It is in every sense an enemy’s port”: Jackson to Claiborne, October 17, 1814,
CAJ
, 2:75.

“I trust shortly . . . to our cause”: Jackson to Rachel Jackson, October 21, 1814,
CAJ
, 2:78–79.

“As I act without the orders”: Jackson to Monroe, October 26, 1814,
PAJ
, 3:173.

“I come not as the enemy of Spain . . . and Indian warriors”: Jackson to González Manrique, November 6, 1814,
CAJ
, 2:92.

“I am at a loss, sir”: Jackson to González Manrique, November 6, 1814,
CAJ
, 2:93.

“My duty does not permit me”: González Manrique to Jackson, November 7, 1814,
CAJ
, 2:94. Also González Manrique to Jackson, November 6, 1814,
CAJ
, 2:93.