Read An Inoffensive Rearmament Online
Authors: Frank Kowalski
Hayashi, SenjurÅ,
114
heitai
(Imperial soldiers): later service in NPR,
99
; new recruits,
122
; self-sacrifice,
116â17
,
118â19
; spirit,
92
,
109
,
111â12
,
116â17
,
119
; toughness,
178
; treatment by officers,
127
; use of term,
121
,
122
.
See also
Imperial Army
Higashikuni, Naruhiko, Prince,
35
Hirohito, Emperor: abdication rumors,
165
; Constitution Day ceremony,
169â70
; constitutional reform and,
39
; Hayashi and,
66
,
114â15
,
120
; MacArthur and,
74
; surrender,
158
.
See also
emperor
Hirota, KÅki,
50
HokkaidÅ,
83
,
114
,
123â24
,
134â35
Honna, Fuminori,
91â92
Hoover, Herbert C.,
12
Imai, Takeo,
155
Imperial Army: demobilization,
56
,
59
; discipline,
178
; “Manchuria Clique,”
62
; misconceptions of strength,
113â14
; as model for NPR,
92â93
; national importance,
122
; noncommissioned officers,
99
,
127
; officers,
127
; spirit,
92
,
109
,
110
,
111â12
,
113â14
,
116
,
119
; strength,
92
; uniforms,
126
; war in China,
52
,
119
,
155
; weapons,
92â93
; Yoshida and,
50
. See also
heitai
imperial family.
See
emperor
Imperial forces, former officers: acceptance into NPR,
105â7
,
117â18
,
130â31
,
148
,
150â51
,
154
,
176
; beggars,
161
; criticism of NPR,
70â71
,
72
,
102
,
152
,
153
,
154
; Diet members,
155â56
; divisions among,
70
,
150â51
; efforts to bring into NPR,
57â58
,
60â65
,
104â6
; excluded from NPR,
29
,
50
,
56â57
,
69
,
100â101
,
102
,
103â4
,
105â6
; influence on occupation,
59
; intelligence activities,
59
; military know-how,
147
; in rightist groups,
148â50
,
151â54
; senior,
148â49
,
150
; views of NPR,
150â51
; war crimes trials,
35
,
148
,
155
; worldview,
147
,
150
,
151â52
.
See also
Japanese Demobilization Bureau
;
purged officers
Imperial General Staff,
57
,
61
,
62
,
117â18
,
155
Imperial Household Agency,
66
,
91
,
114
Imperial Navy,
56
,
59
,
99
,
113
,
122
.
See also
Imperial forces, former officers
Imperial Palace Plaza,
15
,
167
,
169â70
Imperial Rescript of Emperor Meiji,
116â17
,
118â19
,
178
Initial Postsurrender Policy for Japan,
35
,
56â57
Intelligence Section (G-2), GHQ,
28
,
58
,
59
,
63
,
64
,
65
,
69
.
See also
Public Safety Division
;
Willoughby, Charles A.
interpreters,
48
,
60â61
,
85â86
,
93
,
94
,
111â12
Ishiwara, Kanji,
150
,
155â57
,
164
Japan: agriculture,
2
,
3
,
18â19
,
159
; conditions at end of war,
1â4
; food supply system,
2
,
3â4
,
17â18
,
159
,
161
; industries,
2
,
3
,
93
,
161
; life expectancies,
160
; military influence,
147â48
; mutual security pact with United States,
163
,
180â81
; national security threats,
82â83
,
136
,
163
; political failures,
176â77
; population growth,
2
,
160
; rebuilding,
1
,
3
,
5â6
; sovereignty regained,
146
,
158â65
; surrender,
4
,
158
,
160
; trust in authority,
141
; U.S. bases,
41â42
,
166
,
181
.
See also
Diet
;
emperor
;
Imperial forces
;
occupation
Japan Communist Party (Nihon KyÅsantÅ): acceptance of emperor,
115
; Diet members,
13
,
133
,
166
,
169
; MacArthur's purge of Central Committee,
16
,
17
; May Day demonstrations,
166â69
; members,
130
; opposition to rearmament,
138
; popular support,
4
,
13â14
,
51
; potential infiltration of NPR,
69â70
; publications,
162
; surveillance by Demobilization Bureau,
59
Japan Self-Defense Forces (JSDF; Jieitai),
42â43
,
169
,
176
,
178
,
181
Japan Socialist Party.
See
Socialist Party
Japanese Commission on the Constitution,
37
Japanese Demobilization Bureau (Nihon Fukuinkyoku),
28
,
59â61
,
62â64
,
65
,
69
,
153
Japanese Supreme Court,
41â42
Jimmu TennÅ,
115
Johnson, Lyndon B.,
xx
Joint Chiefs of Staff, U.S.,
8
,
13
JSDF.
See
Japan Self-Defense Forces
Kennedy, John F.,
xix
Kitamura (interpreter),
111â12
,
130
Knowlton, Charles E.,
30
Kojiki,
115
Konoe, Fumimaro, Prince,
35
Korean War: Chinese strength,
154
; effects in Japan,
7
,
46
,
146
; Japanese support of U.S. military,
7â8
; North Korean victories,
8
,
51â52
,
107â8
; potential use of NPR,
52â54
,
152
; Republic of Korea Headquarters,
21â22
; surprise attack,
20
; U.S. deployments from Japan,
9
,
21
,
23
,
30â31
,
82
,
83
; U.S. units,
8
,
9
; Yoshida on,
1
,
4
,
51â52
,
55
,
144
Kowalski, Frank, Jr.: assignments in Japan,
xviii
,
21
,
22â23
,
29â30
; as CASA chief of staff,
23
,
73â74
,
75â77
; childhood and family,
xivâxv
; children,
xvii
,
xviii
,
xxii
; death,
xxii
; education,
xivâxvi
; health,
xviiâxviii
,
xxiâxxii
; inspection tours,
94â95
,
114
,
134â35
; interest in Japan,
xxâxxi
; inventions,
xxi
; marriage,
xvi
; military career,
xvâxix
; political career,
xix
,
xxâxxi
,
159â60
; political views,
xx
Kowalski, Helene Amelia Bober,
xvi
,
xxi
,
xxii
Kurushima, Tsuneki,
149
land reform,
6
language issues,
93â95
,
98
,
99
.
See also
interpreters
Liberal Party (JiyÅ«tÅ),
13
,
136
,
162
loyalty,
116â17
MAAG.
See
Military Advisory Assistance Group
MacArthur, Douglas: accomplishments,
5
; Asian defense plan,
20
; chief of staff,
74â75
; inaccessibility,
74â75
; on Japan Communist Party,
13â14
; Japanese constitution and,
34
,
35â39
,
40â41
,
142
,
165
,
172
; Japanese view of,
xxâxxi
,
18â19
; Korean War,
8â9
,
22
,
51
; letters,
25
; life in Japan,
18
; National Police Reserve and,
25â27
,
31
,
41
,
174â75
; on occupation,
6â7
; on peace treaty,
12
,
162
; police force expansion,
25â27
; rearmament order,
10
; relations with troops,
18
; relieved of command by Truman,
78
,
147
; Whitney and,
28
,
74
; Willoughby and,
28
,
58
,
74
.
See also
supreme commander for Allied powers
Mainichi Shimbun,
37
,
38
,
141
,
142
Makino, Nobuaki, Count,
49
Manchukuo, army of,
100â101
“Manchuria Clique,”
62
Maritime Safety Board, police forces,
26
Marquat, William F.,
74
Masuda, Kaneshichi,
162
Masuhara, Keikichi: appointment,
84
; criticism of,
71
; Hayashi and,
67
,
72
,
97â98
; headquarters staff,
87â88
,
90
; inspection tours,
134â35
; NPR organization and,
86â87
; officer appointments,
100â101
,
104
; peace treaty commemoration,
164â65
; personality,
84â85
; on rearmament,
143
; relations with Americans,
86
,
109
; on spirit of soldiers,
109
; uniform designs,
125â27
; weapons plans,
134â35
Matsumoto, JÅji,
36â38
,
39
,
41
May Day demonstrations,
166â69
Meiji, Emperor: birthday,
40
; Imperial Rescript,
116â17
,
118â19
,
178
Miki, Takeo,
162
militarists:
bushidÅ
and,
113
; excluded from NPR,
50
; ideology,
116â17
; in postwar period,
148â57
; preventing resurgence,
87
; support of rearmament,
54
; during war,
54â55
.
See also
Imperial forces, former officers
;
nationalist organizations
;
purge
Military Advisory Assistance Group (MAAG): Kowalski as acting chief,
87
; officers,
29â30
; potential leadership of NPR,
98
; relations with civilian leaders of NPR,
84â85
,
86
,
88
,
103
,
125
,
126
,
164
; training role,
99
.
See also
Civil Affairs Section Annex
;
Shepard, Whitfield P.
military spirit. See
seishin kyÅiku
Murphy, Robert D.,
158