American Jezebel (38 page)

Germany, Anabaptists in, 125, 225

Gibbons, Edward, 183, 221, 222

God: covenant with humanity, 51; everyday life controlled by, 55; God’s omnipotence vs. humanity’s depravity, 224; salvation in hands of, 60; as supernatural force in the world, 55.
See also
grace; salvation

Gomes, Peter J., xxi, 133–34

Gookin, Dorothy Cotton, 252

Gookin, Hannah Savage (granddaughter), 235–36, 240

Gookin, Nathaniel (elder), 240

Gookin, Nathaniel (younger), 252

Gorton, Samuel, 223

Gortonists, 225

grace, xxi, 5, 25, 43–44, 47, 51, 60, 66, 86, 99, 106; “absolute grace,” 86–87; “free,” 125.
See also
salvation

Greensmith, Steven, 109

Gridley, Richard, 132

Griffin,
55, 63–65, 97, 123, 153, 200

Hall, David, 54, 55, 56, 105, 119, 122, 125, 131, 138, 156, 182–83, 200–201, 224, 225, 246

Hammond, Phillipa, 216

Hand, Learned, 137

Harlackenden, Roger, 79, 121, 134

Harvard, John, xxi, 133

Harvard College, xxi, 133–35; first board of trustees, 134; Nathaniel Gookin, president, 240

Hawkins, Jane, 88, 89, 168–69, 206

Hawkins, Richard, 169

Hawthorne, Nathaniel, xvii–xviii, 5, 77, 130, 137–38, 140, 156, 197, 219, 234, 238

Haynes, John, 6, 103

Hebrews 4, 175

Henrietta Maria, of Austria, 94–95

Henry VIII, King of England, 7, 20, 21, 42, 122

heresy, 26, 117–26

History of Alford and Rigsby,
84

History of the Colony and Province of

Massachusetts-Bay
(Hutchinson), 242, 262

Hogg, Joan, 216

Holden, Randall, 165, 166

Holder, Christopher, 252

Holland: Familism in, 125; Puritans in, 27, 95, 102, 162; Scrooby Pilgrims in, 229; Separatists in, 136

Hooker, Thomas, 97, 98, 106, 109, 118, 179

Hopkins, Anne, 41

Hosea 4:6, 23, 26

Howard, Jean, 268

Howe, Susan, 191

Huddleston, Hugh, 26

Hus, John, 54

Hutchinson, Abigail Vermaies Button, 240

Hutchinson, Anne: appearance, 1, 7
background and family:
birth in Alford, 27, 31, 32, 268; education, 19, 31–32, 33, 142–43; father (Francis Marbury), xix, 19–38, 142–43, 191, 192, 204; siblings, 32, 143, 152, 250;
character and personality:
as “American Jezebel,” xvii, 244–48; aspirations cast on by detractors, 219–20; chair used by, 2, 47; consistency of character, 137; courage and lack of fear, 63, 68, 157–58; detractor’s views of, xvii, 3, 10, 47, 61–67, 128, 242; eroticizing of her relationships with men by biographers, 219–20; as free thinker, 6; as iconoclast, xx; as leader and “out of [a woman’s] place,” 2, 134, 183; “a masterpiece of women’s wit,” 47; moral certitude of, xvi–xvii, xx; Nathaniel Hawthorne’s characterization, xvii–xviii, 219; as rebel, xvii,
192; wit, extroversion, and zealotry, 87–88, 173;
England, life in:
in Alford, Lincolnshire, xix, 15, 27, 68, 85–87, 144–52, 269–70; conventicles held by, 87, 145; John Cotton, early relationship, 85–87, 92, 147; in London, xix, 34–38, 141–43, 267–68; plague and, xix, 15, 149–50; revelation to go to America, 152; vision of trial in dream, 68–69, 152;
historical importance:
in American history, xv–xvi; as American visionary, xvi; as founding mother of America, xxi; as great American woman, 243; Harvard University and, xxi, 133–35; issues of freedom and equality raised by, xvi, 192, 196–97, 235; museum displays and monuments, 259–60; pardon in 1987 by Michael Dukakis, 256; polarization of opinions about, xvii; power of, in her own right, xvi, xix, 2–3, 11, 46, 192–93, 242; record in trial transcripts of a woman’s life and thoughts, 114–26, 138; role in America’s self-image, xix; statue, Massachusetts State House, xv–xvi, xvii, 260;
marriage, home life, and children:
Alford residences, xix, 85, 144–45; Boston home, 2,
73,
131, 139, 140, 154–55, 168, 226, 257–58; children, deceased, 15, 139, 150, 151; children, education of, 145; children, living, 1, 13, 15–16, 68, 146, 146n., 147, 149, 152, 153, 159, 231–32, 237, 238–39; daily routine, 13, 139, 169; fertility, 147; garden and herbs of, 155; husband, William, 1, 10, 13, 15, 46, 139–58, 163–67, 168, 212–13, 215, 220, 222, 223–24, 228–29, 262; live-in relatives, Alford and Boston, 68, 145, 153, 159; miscarriage (hydatidiform mole) as “abnormal birth,” 217–19, 246; pregnancy, sixteenth, 13, 15, 16, 39, 160, 213, 217; Rigsby excursions, 147, 270; servants, 68, 145, 154, 159; wealth and social status, 1, 46, 144–45, 154–55, 156, 157; wedding, 85, 143–44;
in Massachusetts Bay Colony:
alien exclusion law passed against family of, 8, 110; Atlantic crossing aboard the
Griffin,
3, 55, 63–65, 123, 153, 200; Boston of her time, 257–59; detractors, xvii, 1, 7, 10, 61–67, 75–81, 128–29, 136–37, 174–203 (
see also
Dudley, Thomas; Peter, Hugh; Shepard, Thomas; Symmes, Zechariah; Wilson, John; Winthrop, John); incident of stillborn child, 88–89, 168, 205–7, 241, 246; influence of Hutchinson in, 62–63; John Cotton and, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 42, 50, 54, 56–57, 59, 61, 62, 65–66, 67, 68, 76, 79, 80, 81, 87–89, 100–113, 123–24, 128, 153, 162), 174–203; meetings at her house (conventicles), 2, 44, 47–49, 107, 110, 145, 169; as midwife, herbalist, and nurse, 1, 39, 41, 44, 46, 87, 88–89, 143, 145; opposition to war against
Native Americans, 6, 7, 63, 110, 157–58, 233; proselytizing by, 48, 87; religious instruction and counseling given by, 44, 45, 65, 87–89, 100; start of crisis around her activities, 8–9, 10; supporters (“potent party”), 7, 8, 10, 50–51, 52, 56–57, 62, 79–81, 101, 105, 109, 110–11, 127, 131, 132, 157, 168, 183, 203, 205; supporters plan move to Rhode Island, 163; supporters removed from power, 132–33; as threat to the state, 1, 7, 50–51, 54, 128, 131–32, 192; walks out of Wilson’s sermons, 62, 63; Winthrop and, 1–3, 7–10, 16–18, 23, 39–41, 48–49, 52–54, 60–61, 62, 67–68, 106, 111–13, 115–26, 129–30, 136–37, 161, 175, 177, 179, 188, 202, 215–16, 244–48 (
see also
trials,
below
);
in New York (New Amsterdam):
Indian raid and murder of Anne and family, 236–37; move to, xx, 229–30, 231–32; North Bronx farmstead and daily life, xix, 233–36, 264–65,
266
;
religion and philosophy:
biblical study and knowledge, 41–42, 115; Calvinism of, 192, 211, 224; Christ-centered view of the world, 53; conversion, 101; Cotton’s theology and, 86–87, 92, 100–113, 128, 160; covenant of grace (vs. covenant of works), 51–60, 64, 76–77, 105–6, 109, 112, 127–28; education in, 142–43; excommunication, 135, 171–203, 208; First Church of Boston membership, 1, 9, 10, 65, 135, 157; heresies or “errors” ascribed to, 3, 172–91, 194–207, 246; heresy of knowing she was among God’s elect and ability to detect it in others (Antinomianism), xxi, 45–46, 48, 53, 55, 56, 105, 118, 119, 121, 128, 132, 157, 247–48; as instrument of the Holy Spirit, 59; Puritan background, 101; Quaker themes anticipated by, 225; revelation and prophecy, 47, 53–55, 64–65, 68–69, 117–26, 152, 173, 181, 196; on salvation, xxi; seal of the spirit and clergy, 48, 67, 112, 127; view of Winthrop’s Bible commonwealth, 211–12;
Rhode Island:
calls Church of Boston “Whore and Strumpet of Boston,” 221; fear of Massachusetts takeover, 223, 224, 228; founding of, xvi, 164–67; Hutchinson house and archeological dig at site, 213,
214,
215; journey to, on foot, 208–10; life in, xix, 212–29; meetings and preaching in, 222, 224; Native Americans and, 233; supporters follow her to, 185, 216; Winthrop’s men harass her, 220–22, 229;
trials:
alliance with Satan and, 122, 125–26, 161; banishment, xvi, 119, 129, 130, 157, 169, 194, 208–9; Bradstreet and, 48–49; charges against, 12–13, 16, 57, 68, 75, 76, 113, 128, 129; “community of women” and charges, 179, 188; Cotton censure as anathema
maranatha,
203; Cotton at excommunication (second trial), 174–203; Cotton repudiation of, 128, 162, 187–88;
Cotton testimonies at first trial, 111–13, 128; defense strategies, 12, 13, 16, 39, 40, 48–49, 56–60, 66–67, 75–81, 116, 119, 160; Devil, as instrument of, 122, 125–26, 186, 201, 204, 218–19, 244; “errors” of theology, 160, 172–91, 246; fainting at, 18, 39; First Boston Church excommunication (second trial, March 1638), xvi, 135, 160, 168–207, 208; as first female defendant in New World, 12; gender and power as a woman at base of persecution, 181–82, 186, 191–92; heresy charged, xvi, 118, 121, 128; house arrest at John Cotton’s, 169, 193; house arrest in Roxbury, 128, 135, 136, 157–58, 159–61, 168, 261; John Wilson as chief persecutor, 62 (
see also
Wilson, John); journey from Boston to Cambridge court, on foot, 13, 15; letter to General Court (1639), 226; main reasons for trial, 172, 181–82, 186, 191–92; missionary visits during house arrest, 135, 136, 159–60, 161, 174; mission on Anne Hutchinson’s behalf (1641), 226–28; ministers testify against, 60–67, 76, 127–28; opening day, 1–18, 39–49, 50–69; overnight break, 67–68; recanting by, 194, 195–201, 202; resumption second day, oath controversy, witnesses against, 75–81; sentencing, 130–31, 135; teaching by Anne Hutchinson at trial and motivation, 113–26; transcripts, 67, 68, 117, 169, 184, 262; vision of trial, 68–69; witchcraft, charges of and, 122–23, 219; witnesses for, 79–81

Hutchinson, Anne (daughter).
See
Collins, Anne Hutchinson, (daughter)

Hutchinson, Anne (granddaughter), 240–41

Hutchinson, Bridget (daughter).
See
Sanford, Bridget Hutchinson

Hutchinson, Edward (brother-in-law), 15, 67, 104, 132, 152, 164–65, 215, 216

Hutchinson, Edward (son), 15, 146, 159, 164, 166, 169–70, 181, 185, 208, 209, 215, 226, 228, 232, 233, 239, 240–41, 257

Hutchinson, Elisha (grandson), 228

Hutchinson, Elishua (grandson), 15, 160

Hutchinson, Elizabeth (daughter), 15, 146

Hutchinson, Elizabeth (granddaughter), 228

Hutchinson, Faith (daughter).
See
Savage, Faith

Hutchinson Hutchinson, Francis (son), 15, 146, 157, 209, 231; calls Church of Boston “Whore and Strumpet of Boston,” 227; death of, 237; mission on mother’s behalf (1641), 226–28; move to New Amsterdam with mother, 230

Hutchinson, Katherine (daughter), 15, 68, 139, 146, 159, 209, 231, 237

Hutchinson, Katherine Hamby (daughter-in-law), 209, 228, 233, 240

Hutchinson, Mary (daughter), 15, 68, 139, 146, 209, 237

Hutchinson, Richard (brother-in-law), 226, 257

Hutchinson, Richard (son), 15, 146, 157, 159, 209, 232, 239

Hutchinson, Samuel (brother-in-law), 110

Hutchinson, Samuel (son), 15, 139, 146, 159, 209, 215, 232, 239

Hutchinson, Sarah (sister-in-law), 152

Hutchinson, Susan (daughter).
See
Cole, Susan

Hutchinson Hutchinson, Thomas, Governor of Massachusetts (great-great grandson), vii, 241–42, 259

Hutchinson, William (husband), 1, 10, 13, 15, 46, 65, 85, 139–58; Anne Marbury, love for, 141–44, 212–13, 220, 222; birth and early years, Alford, Lincolnshire, 140; Boston home built, 154–55; Calvinism of, 224; character and personality, 140; church membership, 157; death, 228–29; family’s emigration to America, 152; land acquired in Massachusetts (Wollaston farm), 154, 155, 156, 262; marriage and residence in Alford, 144–52; parents and grandparents, 140, 151, 152, 208; Rhode Island governor and asst. governor, 223–24; Rhode Island move, home, and land, 163–67, 168, 212–13, 215; siblings, 140, 152; social status and wealth, 144–45, 154–55, 156, 157; textile business, 140, 144, 152

Hutchinson, William (son), 15, 68, 139, 146, 146n., 151, 159, 209, 230, 231, 237

Hutchinson, Zuriel (son), 13, 15–16, 68, 159, 209, 230, 231, 237

Hutchinson River Parkway, xv, 239, 264, 265

Isaiah: 11:2, 196; 30:20, 152; 53, 200

James, Henry, 156

James I, King of England, 29, 34, 36, 37, 122, 169

James II, King of England, 256

Jamestown, Virginia, 30

Jennison, William, 128

Jeremiah 46:27–28, 119

Jezebel, 245–46

1 John: 4:3, 115; 12, 178

Johnson, Arbella Clinton Fiennes, 96, 154

Johnson, Eastman, xx

Johnson, Edward, 47, 222, 233

Johnson, Isaac, 154

Keayne, Robert, 221–22

Keayne, Sarah, 216

Kieft, Willem, 232–33, 236

King Philip’s War, 240

1 Kings 16:33, 245

2 Kings: 9, 246; 11:17, 165

Knight, Janice, 128, 132

Koelher, Lyle, 191–92

Lang, Amy Schrager, xix, 192, 243

LaPlante, Eve: as descendant of Anne Hutchinson, xv, xix, xx–xxi, 240; first awareness of Anne Hutchinson, xix–xx; visits to sites of Anne Hutchinson’s life, xix, 257–70,
266

Lash, Joseph, 243

Laud, William, Bishop of London and Archbishop of Canterbury, 4–5, 10, 61, 65, 94, 102, 152, 220, 249

law in colonial New England, 3, 17; amputation of ear for blasphemy, 253; banishment of Christian sect members, 252–52; biblical basis, 16, 18, 42, 130; Christian sects outlawed, 225; church disciplinary system, 171; codification, 129–30; colonial ministers, banned from public office, 3; Cotton and first code of colonial law, 189; defendants, no right to counsel, legal assistance, or advice, 13; disarming, as punishment, 132, 161; English common law and, 129, 130; execution for blasphemy, 253–54; Great and General Court of Massachusetts, 3, 10, 11, 17, 39, 63, 74–75, 77, 104, 161, 162–63; Hutchinson supporters punished, 109, 110–11, 132, 161, 216, 227–28; illegality of midwife burying a dead newborn, 88; judges, 3, 4, 10, 39, 43; lack of procedure and due process, 136–37; monarchy’s power, 17; separation or merging of church and state, 16, 105; sexual expression and sexual crimes, 188–89, 228; sumptuary code, 103; unanimity rule, 106–9, 177; on witchcraft, 122; Winthrop’s opposition to fixed code, 129–30; witnesses, 13

Lenthall, Robert, 216

Leverett, Thomas, 67, 79, 80, 171, 172, 177, 184, 195–96, 197

Lincoln, England, 140

Living History
(Clinton), 243