American Experiment (280 page)

Jenney, William Le Baron,
252

Jews in New York,
255–7

immigrant/poor, on Lower East Side,
146–7
,
256–7

national origins of,
255

religious life of,
256–7

upward mobility of,
259

wealthy,
145–6

Jim Crow system,
149

jobs,
see
children: in labor force; unemployment; women: in labor force

Johnson, Andrew:

death of,
58

early life of,
43

impeachment of,
54–8

later career of,
58

nomination of, as Vice-President,
32

as President,
43–8
,
50–8

and Reconstruction,
45
,
50–1
,
55

and Republican party,
43–4
,
45
,
52–3
,
55

and Southern leaders,
46–7
,
52

Johnson, Hiram,
372
,
419
,
460
,
495
,
501

Johnson, Tom L.,
273–4
,
345

Johnston, Gen. Joseph,
9–10
,
29

Joint Committee on Reconstruction,
48
,
49
,
50

Jones, Capt. “Bill,”
103

Jones, Bobby,
529

Jones, Edith,
see
Wharton, Edith

Jones, Lucy S.,
100
,
101
,
102

Jones, Mary Harris (“Mother”),
285–6

Jones, Samuel Milton (“Golden Rule”),
273
,
274
,
345

Joseph (Nez Percé chief),
218
,
219

Josephson, Matthew,
203

journalism and journalists:

broadcast (radio),
522–3

and Cuban revolution,
235–6
,
237

magazines: avant-garde,
313–16
; laissez-faire theme in,
159
: movie,
526
; and reform,
345
,
346–7
; of success stories,
160
; women’s,
120

newspapers,
518–20
; black,
522
; foreign-language,
522
; Indian,
522
; mergers and consolidation of,
519–20

1920s,
518–23

Juárez, Benito,
219–20

Judah, Theodore,
95

Julian, George W.,
42–3

Jungle, The
(Sinclair),
348

Kansas,
128
,
149

People’s Party in,
184–7

Kazin, Alfred,
320

Kearney, Denis,
101

Keller, Morton,
45
,
215

Kelley, Florence,
275
,
276
,
278
,
281
,
489

Kelley, William D.,
43

Kellogg, Frank,
459
,
461

Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928),
495–6

Kelvin, William,
305

Kennan, George F.,
453

Kennedy, Joseph P.,
554–5

Kimball, W. W.,
114

Kleppner, Paul,
233

Knights of Labor,
176–8
,
551–2

Knox, Philander,
332
,
401
,
403

Knudsen, William S.,
483

Kohlsaat, Herman,
461

Korea,
221

Kraditor, Aileen,
397

Kreisler, Fritz,
440

Krug, Edward,
511–12

Ku Klux Klan,
66
,
203
,
206
,
469
,
500
,
509
,
514

labor,
see
children: in labor force; women: in labor force; workers

labor disputes,
233–4
,
469
see also
strikes

labor unions,
175
,
282–4

and blacks,
176
,
179

in Civil War period,
19

and Depression,
551–2

and immigrants,
101
,
176
,
179
,
283

and industrial democracy,
392

Marxists on,
173
,
175

membership decline in (1920s),
534

and socialists,
396

Wilson and,
418

and women,
176
,
179
,
280
,
431

and “yellow-dog” contracts,
488–9

see also
Amalgamated Iron, Steel and Tin Workers; American Federation of Labor; American Railway Union; Cigarmakers’ International Union; Industrial Workers of the World; International Workingmen’s Association; National Labor Union; Socialist Trade and Labor Alliance; strikes; United Mine Workers; Western Federation of Miners

Ladd, Everett Carll,
367

La Follette, Robert,
230
,
335–6

and elections: 1912,
360–1
,
372
; 1924,
500–1

and World War I,
425

La Guardia, Fiorello,
553

laissez-faire economics,
91
,
154–6
,
159

and labor unions,
180

Spencer on,
157–8

Lake, Simon,
290

Lamb, William,
182
,
189

lamp, incandescent,
84–5

land, nationalizing of,
163
,
167

land distribution:

in South,
64–5
,
70

for western settlers,
129

Langley, Samuel,
290

Lansing, Robert,
413
,
415
,
421
,
448
,
469

Larkin, Oliver,
311
,
312

lathe, automatic,
79

Lathrop, Julia,
275
,
276
,
277

Latin America:

U.S. investment in,
497

U.S. policy on,
221–2
; under Hoover,
498
; (T.) Roosevelt’s,
340
(see also
Panama Canal); Wilson’s,
402–6

Lawrence. Mass.,
283

Lazarus, Emma,
146
,
152
,
154

leadership,
see
intellectual leadership; moral leadership; Wilson, Woodrow: on leadership

League of Nations:

American ratification process for,
453–5
457–75
; opposition to,
453
,
454–5
,
458–68
passim;
popular referendum on (proposed),
468–9
; public opinion on,
457–8
,
462–3
,
464
; Senate and,
454–5
,
458–63
,
465–6
; support for,
455
,
457
; Wilson and,
453–75

committee draws up Covenant for,
452
,
453

Cox and Roosevelt (F. D.) campaign for,
474

Wilson’s plan for,
414
,
449
,
452
,
457

Lease, Mary,
185–6

Leaves of Grass
(Whitman),
192
,
193

Lee, Gen. Robert E.,
10–12
,
35

and Grant,
13–14
,
28–9
,
35

surrender of,
35

Legal Tender Act (1862),
18

legislative branch, primacy of (in Reconstruction period),
51

L’Enfant, Pierre,
271

Lenin, Vladimir Ilich,
409–10
,
412
,
425
,
456

ideology of,
409–10
; and Wilson’s, compared,
412

Lerner, Max,
300
,
489

Lewelling, Lorenzo,
186

Lewis, Sinclair,
514
,
535–6

Liberal Republican party,
207

Liberia,
288

liberty:

Brandeis and Croly on,
392–3

Carnegie and McKinley on,
234

as central American value,
153

college students on,
515

Declaration of Independence promises,
173

as economic individualism,
154–6

Farmers’ Alliance and,
190

Whitman on,
192

Wilson on,
373
,
441

lighting, incandescent,
84–5

Lincoln, Abraham:

death and funeral train of,
36–7

and election of 1864,
30–3

foreign policy of,
31–2

Gettysburg Address,
3–6
,
557

leadership qualities of,
31–2
,
33–4

political strategy of,
31
,
33

and Republican party leaders,
32
,
43

war planning and strategy of,
6–7
,
12

Lincoln, Daniel Waldo,
88

Lindbergh, Charles A.,
388

Lindbergh, Charles A., Jr.,
498
,
510
,
511

Link, Arthur,
388

Lippmann, Waller,
394–5
,
507
,
521
,
533–4
,
538

and Brandeis,
419

Drift and Mastery
,
394
,
395

on “Inquiry, The,”
434

and Lewis (S.),
536

Phantom Public, The
,
533
,
547

Preface to Politics, A
,
394
,
395

on the press,
518
,
520

Public Opinion
,
518
,
533
,
547

and Roosevelt (F. D.),
554

and Wilson,
419

Little Big Horn, battle of (1876),
218–19

Lloyd, Henry Demarest,
166
,
167–8
,
231

Lloyd George, David,
450
,
451
,
456

lobbies, political,
385

Locke, John,
155

Lodge, Henry Cabot:

as antisuffragist,
444

on Cuba,
236

and disarmament,
493–4
,
495

and League of Nations,
454–5
,
458–66
passim
,
468

and Roosevelt (T.),
331
,
359
,
416
; and World War I,
416

on Villa (P.),
406

and Wilson,
454
,
459–60

Long, Clarence,
140

Looking Backward
(Bellamy),
164
,
166–7
,
189

Lorant, Stefan,
141

Los Angeles,
99

Lowell, A. Lawrence,
88
,
385
,
419
,
458

Luce, Henry,
521–2

Ludendorff, Gen. Erich,
432–7
passim

Luhan, Mabel Dodge,
308
,
323

Lusitania
(steamship),
415
,
416

lynching,
149
,
234
,
285

legislation against,
491

Lynd, Robert and Helen,
511
,
513

Lynn, Mass.,
137

MacArthur, Gen. Douglas,
558

machines:

as heart of industrialism,
172

internal combustion engine,
110

for tunnel-making,
77–8

for urban life,
250–1

workers and,
143
,
259

Wright (F. L.) on,
313

see also
agriculture: machinery and tools for; industry: machinery for; technology

machine tools,
78–9

Macune, Charles,
183
,
189

Madison, James,
300–1
,
487
,
499

magazines:

avant-garde,
313–16

laissez-faire theme in,
159

movie,
526

and reform,
345
,
346–7

of success stories,
160

women’s,
120

Maguire, Tom,
260

Mahan, Capt. Alfred Thayer,
223

maids,
121
,
139–40

Maine
(battleship),
235
,
236–7

Main Street
(Lewis),
535

majority, “compact,”
487–91
,
499
,
503
,
558

in Supreme Court,
506

majority rule,
234–5
,
537

Malthus, Thomas,
155

Manifest Destiny:

under Roosevelt (T.),
341

Seward and,
220

Wilson and,
406

Manila Bay, battle of (1898),
238

Mann Act,
358

Mann-Elkins Act,
358

Mantell, Martin,
43

Man with the Hoe, The
,
328

Marconi, Guglielmo,
290

Markels, Julian,
318–19

Markham, Edwin,
328

marriage (middle class),
122

Marshall, Charles C,
502

Martineau, Harriet,
155

Marx, Karl,
75–6

Capital,
75
,
112

Communist Manifesto,
75
,
90
,
174
,
259
,
308

and George, Lloyd, and Bellamy,
167